جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « difficulty in emotion regulation » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the most important disorders in children and adolescents is conduct disorder which has negative educational, behavioral, and social consequences. Among the variables that can be associated with behavioral disorders in adolescence are early maladaptive schemas. Another variable affecting behavior disorder is difficulty in regulating emotion. Impaired emotion regulation is key to individual functioning and adolescent social development. Because maladaptive schemas form the core self-concept of individuals, they can make individuals vulnerable to a range of shortcomings and problems if they have inconsistent content. Also, adolescents with behavioral problems are unaware of adaptive strategies and appropriate patterns of cognitive emotion regulation and cause social harm. So, the present study investigated the role of maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation in predicting adolescent behavior disorder.

The present study was conducted by a correlational descriptive method. The statistical population included all adolescents with adolescent behavioral disorders in Hamadan City, Iran, in 2018-19. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table, 300 adolescents referring to psychological clinics in Hamadan were selected based on the available sampling method. The inclusion criteria were being 11-18 years old adolescents with conduct disorder, based on obtaining a score of 3 or more on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach & Rescolar, 2001) and observing adolescent behavior during the clinical interview. The exclusion criterion was an unwillingness to complete the questionnaires. Subjects answered the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1998), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Roemer, 2004), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach & Rescolar, 2001). Data analysis was done using descriptive (frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis) in SPSS version 22 and following the test assumptions. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.

The results showed significant relationships between maladaptive schemas (p<0.01, r=0.513) and difficulty in regulating emotions (p<0.01, r=0.589) with adolescent conduct disorder. Prediction of adolescent conduct disorder based on maladaptive schemas (β=0.237, p<0.001) and difficulty in emotion regulation (β=0.134, p<0.001) was significant. Also, maladaptive schemas explained 0.292, and difficulty in emotion regulation explained 0.383 of the variance of adolescent conduct disorder.

According to the results, maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation can predict adolescent conduct disorder in adolescents with conduct disorder in Hamedan City.

Addiction is a chronic relapsing mental disorder defined by physical and psychological dependence on substances. The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling the structural relationships between dysfunctional personality beliefs and the dependence intensity in substance dependent people with the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation.

The intended research was applied in terms of purpose and among correlational research. The statistical population included all drug addicts who referred to addiction treatment camps in Ardabil in 2021. Two hundred addicted people completed the questionnaires of dependency intensity, emotion dysregulation, and dysfunctional personality beliefs using available sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.

The results of the correlation coefficients showed that the severity of substance dependence has a positive and significant relationship with ineffective personality beliefs (r=0.44, p=0.001) and difficulty in regulating emotions (r=0.49, p=0.001). Also, difficulty in regulating emotions has a positive and significant relationship with dysfunctional personality beliefs (r=0.25, p=0.001). The model had a good fit based on the goodness of fit indices. Dysfunctional personality beliefs had an effect on dependency severity both directly and indirectly through the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation.

From a practical point of view, it is necessary to provide regular training programs for substance dependent people using the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy to determine the patients’ dysfunctional beliefs about addiction, and ultimately helping the patients to create more effective beliefs and behaviors, and cadaptive emotion regulation strategies.

Improving patients' adherence with treatment recommendations is always one of the concerns of health professionals. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of difficulty in emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and perceived stress in predicting treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes patients.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research included all patients with diabetes referred to Sanandaj health centers in 2022. For this purpose, 230 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the scale of difficulty in emotional regulation, the scale of distress tolerance, the scale of perceived stress and the scale of adherence to treatment. After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between difficulty in emotional regulation and perceived stress with adherence to treatment (P<0.01). There is a positive and significant relationship between distress tolerance and adherence to treatment (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 69.6% of the variance in adherence to treatment is explained by difficulty in regulating emotions, distress tolerance and perceived stress.

According to the results, in medical centers and hospitals, special attention should be paid to treatments based on emotion regulation and stress reduction treatments based on mindfulness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because these therapeutic interventions reduce psychological problems such as depression, obsession, anxiety and stress, and this, in turn, can lead to adherence to drug treatments, a healthier lifestyle, and as a result, blood sugar control in patients with diabetes.

The increasing threat of the Covid-19 disease and public health emergencies around the world have led to the exacerbation of various psychological problems in vulnerable groups, including patients with diabetes; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of psychological flexibility, difficulty in emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting psychological distress and obsessive - compulsive in patients with type 2 diabetes during the covid-19 epidemic.

The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research included all patients with diabetes referred to the health centers of Kermanshah city in 1401. For this purpose, 220 of these people were selected by available sampling method and answered psychological flexibility questionnaire, emotion regulation difficulty scale, intolerance of uncertainty scale, Kessler's Psychological Distress Questionnaire Moudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory. After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis simultaneously.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between psychological flexibility, difficulty in emotional regulation and intolerance of uncertainty with psychological distress and obsessive - compulsive in patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 76.2% of the variance of psychological distress and 77.5% of the variance of obsessive-compulsive is explained by psychological flexibility, difficulty in regulating emotions and intolerance of uncertainty. 

According to the results, it is possible to use interventions based on psychological flexibility in the treatment of ACT, emotion regulation training and the ability to intolerance of uncertainty to reduce the psychological distress and obsessive problems of patients with type 2 diabetes.

This research was conducted with the aim ofproviding a structural model of online game addiction insecond year high school students based on cognitive distortionand social anxiety with a mediating role of difficulty inregulating emotion.

The cross-sectional research methodis correlational. The statistical population of this research wasmade up of all secondary school students in Tehran in 1402-1401. The minimum sample size in structural equations is 200people, so 400 students were selected by staged clustersampling method. In this research, among the tools ofaddiction to online games (Wang and Chang, 2002), cognitivedistortion (Abdollahzadeh and Salar, 2000), adolescent socialanxiety (Paklek, 1997), difficulty It was used in emotionalregulation (Gratz and Romer, 2004). In order to analyze thedata, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V8.7 software were used. Also, inorder to respond to the research hypotheses, structuralequation modeling was used.

The results indicated that cognitive distortion,social anxiety and difficulty in regulating emotions have adirect effect on online game addiction. Also, the resultsshowed that cognitive distortion and social anxiety have anindirect effect on addiction to online games.

Since cognitive distortion, social anxiety anddifficulty in emotional regulation can play an effective role inaddiction to online games, it is necessary for schools and othereducational organizations to design and implementappropriate monitoring and control programs for this commonproblem, considering these variables.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a very serious psychological disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors and can vary greatly in different geographical areas  so that its prevalence ranges from one percent to four percent. It has been recorded in different geographical areas Obsessions are anxious, unwanted, and stubborn thoughts, as well as impulses or images that are inconsistent with them, in the sense that they are disturbing, disturbing, and inappropriate and do not actually correspond to the person's apparent and perceived feelings. Practical obsessions are created in response to obsessions aimed at reducing anxiety; Which includes repetitive behaviors (such as washing or reviewing) or mental actions (such as counting) The main feature of these obsessions and compulsions (thoughts and behaviors) is that they are not pleasurable for the sufferer, but the patient continues to chew thoughts and repeat actions. To perhaps alleviate the inconvenience to him. Obsessive-compulsive disorder causes major problems in various areas for the individual. Among these problems and disabilities is the disorder in the emotional regulation of this group of patients. Problems with emotion regulation strategies are present in almost all patients, and OCD appears to be characterized by a wide range of emotion regulation problems, particularly fear of emotion or fear of accepting emotion Emotional regulation includes awareness, understanding and acceptance of emotions, the ability to control impulsive behaviors, behavior in accordance with personal goals in situations where negative emotions are experienced, and the ability to use flexible and appropriate emotional strategies appropriate to the situation. The absence of any of these can lead to disruption of this process. In fact, emotion regulation involves all the conscious and unconscious strategies that a person has to increase, maintain or decrease one or more components of the emotional response (experimental, behavioral). And physiological).The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the difficulty of emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

For this purpose, 45 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were selected from obsessive-compulsive patients referred to psychological and psychiatric centers in Mashhad and randomly divided into three groups (15 in the control group, 15 in the schema therapy group). And 15 patients were replaced in the cognitive therapy group based on mindfulness). Analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results showed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based schema therapy and cognitive therapy (compared to the control group) on the difficulty of emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The results also showed that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of these two types of treatments on the difficulty of emotion regulation in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder in the study sample and both treatments were equally effective.

Based on the findings of the study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and schema therapy help clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder to be able to effectively regulate and manage their emotions. Therefore, considering that emotions play an essential role in the persistence and exacerbation of this disorder, therapists can increase the effectiveness of treatment sessions by using any of these treatment methods. Mindfulness is one of the emotional therapy treatments that has a positive effect on obsession. Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness by focusing attention and awareness on the current situation and also by increasing the psychological capacity of people to accept events and experiences without judgment. Current life helps people with obsessive-compulsive disorder avoid negative predictions about the future and unpleasant events that await them, and pay too much attention to ordinary events that they find too disturbing. They give up and in this way help to find better emotional conditions and thus manage their emotions. Thus, as Leahy et al. (2014) point out, schema therapy, mindfulness, and commitment-based approaches are effective on coping strategies with undesirable emotions.Therefore, according to the results of several studies that indicate the important role of emotions and the inability to regulate emotion in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is important to note that therapies that can somehow modulate emotions in these patients. Set to be considered as effective and efficient treatments. Therefore, given that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and schema therapy can help regulate the emotions of these patients, therapists can measure the inability of patients to regulate emotion, if necessary, these therapies to help manage this emotion.

Women with addicted spouses than other womensuffer from more psychological problems. The present studywas conducted with the aim of comparing the difficulty ofemotion regulation, fear of social negative evaluations andtendency to suicide in women with addicted and non-addictedspouses. This study was a cross-sectionalfrom type of causal-comparative. The research population wasthe spouses of addicts who referred to addiction treatmentcenters of Zahedan city and the spouses of non-addicts whoreferred to health and treatment centers of Zahedan city in2015 year. Number of 60 spouses of addicts were selected assamples by simple random sampling method and number of 60spouses of non-addicts were selected as samples by availablesampling method. The research tools were included thedifficulty of emotion regulation scale (Gratz and Roemer,2004), fear of negative evaluation scale (Leary, 1983) andtendency to suicide questionnaire (Beck, 1961). Data wereanalyzed by multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS-16software. The findings showed that there was a significantdifference between women with addicted and non-addictedspouses in terms of all three variables of difficulty of emotionregulation, fear of social negative evaluations and tendency tosuicide and all their subscales. In the other words, the averagescores of women with addicted spouses in compared to womenwith non-addicted spouses significantly worse in all threementioned variables and all their subscales (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, planning itseems necessary to improve family health by drug withdrawalin addicts.

Abuse has a wide range that is severe and weak in different societies. Various studies have shown that the history of any kind of abuse in childhood is associated with negative consequences of adulthood, and abuse in any form, depending on the type, severity, duration, and frequency can lead to many disorders and psychological damage. Child abuse means doing or neglecting any action on the part of the child that could result in significant physical or psychological harm or threaten the child's health. Unfortunately, child abuse is not primarily perpetrated by strangers, but rather by the child's family, and especially the parents. In 2011, approximately 681,000 children across the United States were victims of parental and other neglect, of which more than 15 percent were victims of physical abuse, less than 10 percent were victims of sexual abuse, and less than 10 percent were children of child abuse. They were suffering from psychological behavior. The consequences of child abuse, in general, can be examined in terms of physical and psychological manifestations. Physical manifestations of abuse include fractures, bruising, physical disability, and eventual death of the child. Its psychological manifestations are mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, substance abuse, and other mental disorders and disorders. These aggressive behaviors on the part of individuals can be the result of the pain and suffering they experience internally, and therefore with the occurrence of such behaviors, they may seek to have others experience the same inner pain and suffering. However, these aggressive behaviors may be overt or covert. Therefore, according to the literature, the experience of childhood abuse can lead to aggressive behaviors; but in the meantime, factors may cause severity or weakness, as well as improve aggressive behavior in these people. Given the concepts mentioned, it seems that early maladaptive schemas and emotion regulation skills can play a role in this regard. Therefore, to examine these relationships more closely, the present study sought to examine whether the experience of childhood abuse can lead to aggression in adulthood, and whether early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion can mediate this.

The method of the present study was descriptive and path analysis. The statistical population of this study was all students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz in 1399. Due to the lack of an accurate list of the population, a sample of 300 people was selected from the statistical population through random and online sampling. It is also noteworthy that the criteria for inclusion in the present study included studying at the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, lack of severe psychiatric problems, and the use of neuroleptics and baths, as well as complete satisfaction in responding to research tools. The instruments used were the Young Schematic Short Form Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), the Ahwaz Aggression Questionnaire (AAQ), the Emotion Difficulty Scale (DERS), and the Childhood Traumatic Incident Questionnaire (CTQ). Pearson correlation test, path analysis, and Preacher and Hayes method as well as SPSS-22 and AMOS-23 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that childhood abuse, early maladaptive schemas, and difficulty in emotion regulation can directly predict aggression. Childhood abuse can also directly predict early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in regulating emotion. The results of indirect effects showed that childhood abuse indirectly through early maladaptive schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation can predict aggression with a magnitude of 0.365 (p <0.005).

The results of this study showed that the experience of childhood abuse can be a predictor of aggression in adulthood. In other words, people who have experienced more childhood abuse are expected to be more aggressive in adulthood. Examination of these results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and aggression and schemas of exclusion and disruption, disrupted constraints, self-management, and dysfunction, other areas of orientation and excessive distraction and inhibition can be Predict a significant form of aggression. Accordingly, it is expected that the level of aggression will increase as the schemas intensify. Examination of these results showed that there is a significant relationship between difficulty in emotion regulation and aggression and difficulty in emotion regulation can predict aggression. When people can manage and control their emotions, they can easily manage their aggressive emotions, but if they have difficulty or difficulty in managing and regulating their emotions, they will overcome this emotion and will show aggressive behaviors. So emotion regulation is a way to manage destructive emotions such as anger, and weakness in it causes an outburst of aggression. Anger and negative emotional arousal play a key role in many cases of aggression; therefore, increasing a person's ability to control their destructive emotions will most likely be effective in reducing hostile aggression. Anger management approaches aim to provide skills to the individual so that the individual can manage the underlying emotions that produce the aggressive behavior. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that people who have been abused as children form schemas and can not develop skills to regulate and manage emotions, and therefore by being in challenging and stressful situations from aggression to they use it as a strategy to deal with those situations. Due to the use of cross-sectional design in the present study, the use of longitudinal and long-term designs as well as experimental designs to investigate the effect of predictor variables on the criterion variable is recommended. Due to the limited sample size, future studies with a larger sample may study this study. Therefore, it is suggested that this study be performed on other populations and in other provinces to be more generalizable. It is suggested that studies investigate the role of childhood abuse mediated by maladaptive schemas and the difficulty of emotion regulation in the occurrence of marital violence and aggression. Due to the role of abuse in the occurrence of aggression, it is recommended to examine other factors and variables that can play a mediating role.

This study aimed to survey the role of mediating disconnection/rejection schemas and difficulty in emotion regulation related with childhood maltreatment and marital satisfaction.
In a descriptive correlational study, 300 married employees of Baqiyatallah hospital (150 males, 150 females) were selected according to accessibility sampling. All participants were asked to complete Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and ENRICH’s marital satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS 16 and LISSREL 8.5.
The result showed that there was a significant negative correlation between childhood maltreatment (r=-0.40), difficulty in emotion regulation (r=-0.32), disconnection/rejection schemas (r=-0.-47) and marital satisfaction (P<0.05). In addition, the result showed that the proposed model has an acceptable fit.
Childhood maltreatment is, directly and indirectly, related to marital satisfaction through early maladaptive schemas.

Given the importance of the scale of difficulty in emotion regulation, in measuring the ability to regulate emotion in adolescents and adults, which is widely used in research and clinical settings, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of short form of difficulty in emotion regulation (DERS-16) in group of Iranian adolescents.

The method of  the present study was a survey in which the statistical population consisted of all 16 to 18 years old male secondary school students in Ardabil City in the 2019-2020 academic year (N = 21756). Among which 409 individuals were selected by cluster random sampling and individually responded to the DERS-16 & NEO-FF-R. To analyze the data internal consistency coefficient, divergent validity and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16  and LISREL 8.8 software.

The results of internal coefficient showed that this scale had a good reliability. Fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis also showed appropriate scale validity (CFI = 0.99, RFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.99, and RMSEA = 0.048).

Findings indicate that the Persian version of this scale is a good tool for measuring the difficulty in regulating emotion and can be used to assess the difficulty in regulating emotion in adolescents and adults.

 Obesity with its various physical and mental problems threatens public health. This study aimed to investigate the discriminative role of metacognitive beliefs, the difficulty in emotion regulation, and codependency in women with obesity.

 In this causal-comparative research, 40 obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and 40 normal-weight subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. The samples were evaluated by metacognitive questionnaire, difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the Farsi version of codependency measurement tool. We used discriminant function analysis to analyze the obtained data.

 All study subjects signed the written consent form. The Research Ethics Committee of Kharazmi University approved this study (Code: IR.KHU.REC.1397.41).

 The discriminant function could correctly classify 95% of obese people and 97.5% of normal-weight people with 3 variables of metacognitive beliefs, difficulty in emotion regulation, and codependency. In other words, 96.25% of all participants had been classified correctly.

 Distinguishing the two groups of obese and normal people, the variables of metacognitive beliefs, difficulty in emotion regulation, and codependency have a significant role. Therefore, these variables are supposedly influential psychological factors in obesity. So they can be used for its prevention and treatment.

Differences in attachment styles have been linked to both emotion regulation and psychological functioning, but the emotional regulatory mechanisms through which attachment styles might impact symptoms of depression and anxiety are unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between attachment pathologies and depression and anxiety symptoms. For this purpose through a descriptive study, 528 students (274 females, 254 males) were selected using convenience sampling from the University of Tehran students and were evaluated in terms of attachment, depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation difficulty. The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. The correlations between insecure attachment styles, difficulties in emotion regulation, and depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly positive. Based on the results of path analysis, difficulties in emotion regulation play a significant mediating role on the relationship between attachment insecurity and depression and anxiety symptoms. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that insecure attachment styles and difficulties in emotion regulation can predict severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. Considering these variables may be important in the processes of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as promoting mental health in general population.

Survey conducted by the center for disease control of the ministry of health shows that cases of AIDS through risky sexual behavior are increasing that could be warning for the intensification of the negative consequences of the disease in the community. Difficulty in emotion regulation and exposure to traumatic event are the most important factors in risky sexual behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty in the relationship between risky sexual behavior and exposure to traumatic events.
Two hundred substance abusers admitted to addiction treatment and recovery centers in Shiraz were selected by convenient sampling. To collect the data HIV Risky Sexual Behavior Scale (HRSB), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Life Event Checklist (LEC) were used. Possible causal model was analyzed by Structural Equation Model (SEM).
The results of this study support the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties (β=0.31, P=0.0001) in the relationship between exposure to traumatic event and risky sexual behavior.
According to evidence, it can be concluded that exposure to traumatic event and difficulty in emotion regulation can provide risky sexual behavior. Furthermore, trauma by disrupting the emotion regulation can lead to risky behavior.

Anxiety disorders are a group of disorders that their common characteristics is fear and excessive anxiety and subsequent behavioral disturbances. Social anxiety disorder and depression have a high comorbidity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation and persistence of these diseases is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural relationship of brain - behavior and emotion regulation difficulties with social anxiety disorder and depression. For this purpose, in a descriptive study based on regression analysis, 240 patients (120 males and 120 females) from Tabriz University students were selected by cluster sampling method and they were tested in terms of inhibition / behavioral activation systems, emotion regulation difficulties, depression and panic and phobia. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used. Model assessment indicated average fitness of the theoretical model. In contrast, the modified model, in which apart from direct relations, indirect relationships had been established between variables, showed a better fit. Based on the findings ofthe current study and with an emphasis on the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties we can present theoretical framework to explain the complex comorbidity and the distinction between depression and social anxiety disorder.