جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « disease » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The transformation of the public and individual health system from 1925 to 1941 was known as one of the pillars of the development and acceleration of the modernization process in Iran. Despite this expansion, public health and collective health, especially in schools, found a close connection with the underdevelopment of the country. Trachoma disease was one of the most common and contagious diseases among elementary school students, and the government tried to take some measures to deal with it, such as spreading public awareness, creating a skilled workforce through the training of teachers and school staff, and applying comprehensive monitoring of students’ health in the family and school. Despite these measures, there were challenges, such as a lack of medicine, a lack of skilled workforce, and financial problems that negatively affected the quality of the government’s actions. This research raises the central question: How did trachoma disease in schools become a serious issue for the government? The hypothesis is that although the government succeeded in dealing with Trachoma in primary schools, this process was gradual, slow, and temporary due to the underdevelopment of the country’s infrastructure.

Dust storms, which are considered natural occurrences, have harmed the global population’s health as a result of the broad increase in climate change. The most serious consequences of these alterations are cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebrovascular diseases. This review study focused on the effect of dust storms and climatic factors on mortality and morbidity in worldwide and assessed the prediction of these diseases based on changes in each of the meteorological factors and dust storms.

For data collection, English literature was searched using keywords “dust storm” and “respiratory disorders” or “cardiovascular disease” or “cerebrovascular disease” in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as databases, along with Google Scholar as engine search. The first step was to use statistics on the number of instances of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. The association between the occurrence of these diseases and variations in climatic factors underwent assessment.

Adverse repercussions could be noticed when dust storms were paired with changes in metrological parameters. More local information about the link of these diseases with dust storms and changes in metrological variables in the nation, as well as their capacity to anticipate them, is needed to prevent and reduce the health risk of these diseases.

In areas prone to dust storms, the population will be prone to its effects and consequences. Thus, preventive measures are beneficial at the community level.

We aimed to assess the effect of life-cycle management on the satisfaction and health outcomes of children with chronic diseases and their parents, as well as the career benefits of healthcare workers.

Participants were children with chronic diseases who received long-term treatment at the Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University from January 2021 to November 2022. From the first admission, compare the children's disease onset, satisfaction and professional benefits of medical staff among "Medical and Nursing Integration" + "Internet plus"-based life cycle management group (n = 221, the experimental group), the routine management group (n = 53, the control group 1) and the "Medical and Nursing Integration" group (n = 67, control group 2).

The overall satisfaction of children in the experimental group (100 %) was higher than that in the control group 1 (98.11%) and control group 2 (98.51%). The times of second admission and third admission of patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group 1 were (both P<0.001) and control group 2 (both P<0.01). Nurses' sense of professional benefit, professional identity, and doctor's satisfaction with nurses in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group 1 (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) and control group 2 (all P<0.05).

The application of "Medical and Nursing Integration" + "Internet plus"-based life cycle management in chronic disease nursing management can effectively improve the management on pediatric chronic diseases.

We aimed to investigate the frequency of Demodex infestation and clinical implications in connective tissue disease patients with facial erythema.

Patients diagnosed with a connective tissue disease and had facial erythema were consecutively enrolled in the study from 2019-2020. An age and gender matched control group was formed from healthy volunteers. Presence of Demodex was investigated by standardized skin surface biopsy. Number of Demodex mites over 5 per centimeter square was considered meaningful for infestation. Topical or systemic metronidazole treatment was given to the connective tissue disease patients with Demodex infestation. Facial erythema visual analog scale was questioned in patients at treatment onset and one month after.

A total of 31 connective tissue disease patients with facial erythema were enrolled. Control group included 31 healthy volunteers. Demographics and comorbidities were similar between groups. Demodex infestation was present in 58.1% of the disease group and in 25.8% of the control group (P=0.01). Pruritus was the most common symptom in patients with infestation. Median (IQR) facial erythema visual analog scale score was 6 (3) at treatment onset and was 2 (2.5) one month later (P<0.001).

When evaluating facial cutaneous lesions, Demodex infestation should not be overlooked in a patient group like connective tissue diseases with dysfunctional immune system.

Investigating the frequency pattern and types of skin diseases is considered to be extremely important in order to improve the diagnosis process and patients' conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological pattern of skin diseases in patients referred to the skin clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 patients who had referred to the skin clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital during 2016 and 2017. These participants were selected using a convinced sampling model. The type of skin diseases were determined in patients and then collected data were analyzed using the SPSS(V-22) software. Out of the 400 patients who had referred to the abovementioned clinic, 281 (70.3%) were women and 119 (29.7%) were men. The most common reasons for visiting the skin clinic were acne, warts, wrinkles and acute eczema, respectively. The most affected area was the face. The skin disease diagnosed in patients had a significant relationship with patients' age (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.001), and education (P = 0.011). According to the findings of the present study, acne, warts, and wrinkles are the most common skin problems in patients who had referred to the skin clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital, respectively. Demographic and background factors have a significant effect on the type of skin disease.

Cushing disease is a rare problem that usually has an important effect on the quality of life (QoL).

This survey aimed to evaluate patients’ QoL and determine predictors of improving QoL scores in patients.

In this before-after study, basic characteristics were collected from 56 patients with Cushing disease who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, and their QoL score during one year was assessed. Finally, predictor factors of QoL score improvement were identified. To compare the QoL scores before, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, repeated measures ANOVA and for determining predictors of QoL score improvement, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. P<0.05 was considered significant in all tests.

The Mean±SD age of the samples was 33.92±12.82 years, and 43 (76.8%) were female. In all 56 patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, the QoL score significantly improved. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, weight loss (OR= 1.2, 95% CI; 1.01-6.5, P=0.01), no fatigue (OR= 2.1, 95%CI; 1.6-8.3, P=0.009), no decreased libido (OR= 1.5, 95% CI; 1.2-10.62, P=0.01), no gonadal axis disorder (OR=2.2, 95% CI; 1.07-4.06, P=0.01) and post-operation no thyroid axis disorder (OR=2.5, 95% CI; 1.8-5.7, P=0.01) were predictors for more QoL score improvement.

According to the results of this study, many factors can affect the quality of life in patients with Cushing disease. Therefore, support groups should include the cooperation of physicians and psychologists, provision of health services, and social support to improve the QoL of patients.

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Monkeypox viruses, a type of Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae, which is endemic to Africa. Monkeypox, which is usually a self-limiting illness, starts with flu-like symptoms (fever, muscle aches, chills, and fatigue). Usually, within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the onset of fever, the patient develops a rash that often starts on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body. Lesions may appear all over the body. Decreased immunity of populations due to the cessation of smallpox vaccination in the past, has paved the way for Monkeypox. This is shown by the increase in the number of cases as well as the recurrence of the disease in some countries. Due to the importance of the Monkeypox and the limited number of Persian language sources in this regard, the present article aimed to introduce this disease as a zoonotic infectious disease that has recently, been reported in several countries.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign disease; it can clinically and radiologically mimic the symptoms of breast cancer.

Due to the rare and limited number of studies in Iran, this study was designed and conducted to evaluate patients’ clinical characteristics and treatment management with IGM.

In this cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive-analytic study, we studied the medical records of 293 patients with IGM, such as demographic information, characteristics of breast lesions, type of treatment, complications, and their outcome, which were recorded in the Cancer Research Centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) from 2010 to 2019. The patients were contacted by telephone to visit clinically or collect additional information. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24.

The mean age of patients was 39.21 (ST = 8.29) years. Breast involvement in 236 cases (80.5%) was unilateral, and in 50 cases (17.1%), the involvement was Pere pri-Areola. The most common type of treatment was conservative therapy (analgesia + drainage) (178 cases, 60.8%), which was the primary treatment in our study; 66 patients (22.5%) received antibiotic therapy + analgesia + drainage, and 41(14%) cases received corticosteroid in addition to this treatment. Totally, 132 cases (79.5%) were completely cured with the performed treatments, 17 cases (5.8%) had a recurrence of symptoms, and 14.7% of the patients were still receiving treatment. Recurrence after 1 year in patients who had a longer duration of disease (more than 12 months) was higher than in those who had a shorter period (less than 12 months) (15.3% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.004). Also, the highest recurrence rate was in the group receiving corticosteroids compared to the group receiving the usual treatment and usual treatment plus antibiotics. This relationship was statistically significant (22.0% vs. 9 % and 6.1%, respectively, P = 0.032). Complications (scar or breast skin color change) were significantly higher in patients without a pregnancy history than in patients who had pregnancy (50.0% vs. 22.8%, P = 0.030). Also, these complications were significantly higher in patients who had a longer duration of disease (more than 12 months) than in shorter periods of disease (less than 12 months) (31.4% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.005).

The results of our study and its comparison with the results of other studies still emphasize the uncertainty of the etiology of IGM disease and its treatment, but to some extent, our study has shown that conservative treatment (drainage with analgesic drugs) is one of the best treatment options. Also, corticosteroid therapy is associated with a higher recurrence rate, but in some cases is necessary and recommended in many studies.

Chronic dyspepsia’s symptoms are frequently seen in primary to tertiary healthcare in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the potential usability of pepsinogen (PG) values in determining gastric mucosal conditions, including superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis.

We recruited 646 adult dyspeptic patients and then analyzed PG values (including PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio) with endoscopic findings, gastric mucosal damages, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The gastric mucosal damage and H. pylori infection were evaluated using histological examination based on the updated Sydney system.

Among 646 enrolled patients, 308 (47.2%), 212 (32.8%), 91 (14.1%), 34 (5.2%), and 1 (0.2%) patient were diagnosed with normal mucosa, gastritis, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, respectively. Significant differences in PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio values were observed among ethnic groups (all P < 0.01). The PGI and PGII levels were significantly higher and PGI/II was significantly lower in H. pylori‑infected patients than in uninfected ones (all P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for PGII and PGI/II was 12.45 ng/mL with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.755 (0.702–0.811), sensitivity 59.3%, and specificity 77.1%; and 4.75 with AUC value of 0.821 (0.763–0.855), sensitivity 81.5%, and specificity 78.7%, respectively, to determine moderate–severe atrophy.

Serum PG levels, a useful biomarker, represent the endoscopic findings, especially for reflux esophagitis. In addition,

 Social acceptance is defined as the support by social network for patients via family, friends and colleagues that often reason the better management and prognosis. If the social acceptance is significantly low in patients with chronic diseases like tuberculosis, an appropriate plan can raise the level of knowledge and the culture of the community to enhance the level of patient and community's acceptance. The authors aim to evaluate social acceptance and related factors in these patients in Rafsanjan.

 This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 29 pulmonary TB (tuberculosis) patients who had referred to Rafsanjan city health center in Iran in 2014. They were selected by census method. The Marlou-Crown questionnaire was completed by patients, and the scores were calculated based on the questionnaire key using SPSS 16. T-test, Fisher and chi-square tests were used for evaluation, and the significance level was P-value <0.05.

 Results showed that the frequency social acceptance among patients was moderate to high (62%) and moderate to low (38%). Fifteen (52%) patients were male and 14 (48%) were female whose age range was 8 to 90.  Among the variables of age, sex, education, place of residence, nationality and family history of patients, the relationship between age، nationality, positive family history of TB and social acceptance was significant (P-value <0.05).

 This study concludes that older patients, those with a family history of TB, and migrant patients have higher social acceptance (P-value <0.05).

A 6-year-old girl presented to our hospital with a genetic result indicating a homozygous pathogenic variant (c.G898T) in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene and a heterozygote variant (c.94dupT) in the HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) gene. The study was performed due to her brother’s earlier diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU) through a genetic analysis (homozygote for PAH). Her 4-year-old brother was also admitted to our hospital with symptoms of hypotonicity, which started at birth and deteriorated when he was 6 months old. He developed a prolonged fever from the age of 8 months until the age of 3 years. All infectious and rheumatologic workups were normal. He was screened for PKU twice at birth, both showing negative results. The plasma phenylalanine (Phe) level was checked several times in the first 2 years of his life, and all of them were in the borderline range (2 - 4 mg/dL). He was tested again at the age of 2 years for the plasma Phe level twice, both showing positive results (14 and 8 mg/dL, respectively). Both positive results for the plasma Phe level led to a genetic study, indicating that this case is homozygote for both variants, c.G898T in the PAH gene and c.94dupT in the HACE1 gene. Then, a Phe-restricted diet was given. At the age of 3 years, a Kuvan test was performed on the patient, indicating a non-BH4-responsive PKU (classic type of PKU). However, to reduce diet restriction, he was treated with Kuvan and responded to the treatment. The symptoms (such as hypotonia and developmental retardation) improved after treatment with Kuvan, probably due to HACE1 gene dysfunction.

Saffron, the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., has been mentioned extensively in the traditional reference texts as a herbal medicine. Many clinical trials have been conducted on this valuable herbal substance and its main constituents following numerous cellular and animal assessments. In the present review, we have collected almost all of these clinical studies to clarify how much knowledge has clinically been achieved in this field so far and which scientific gaps are needed to be filled by more studies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted through a two-round search. First, we performed a general search for identifying the human disorders against which saffron was studied. Then, we searched specifically for the combination of saffron keywords and each disease name. Scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of science were used for this search. Studies were collected through electronic databases from their inception up to August 2021. The largest number of these clinical studies represent the investigations into saffron efficacy in different neurological and mental disorders, particularly depression. This substance has clinically revealed significant protective effects against various types of depression, age-related macular degeneration, and allergic asthma. In some cases, such as sexual dysfunction, cognitive and metabolic disorder, the effects of saffron are still clinically open to dispute, or there are limited data on its positive influences. Overall, saffron and its constituents have promising effects on human disorders; however, it needs more clinical evidence or meta-analyses to be confirmed.