جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "doctors" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 Newspaper is one of the tools of knowledge transfer, the result of modernity and one of the constitutional achievements. Golgoun as one of the published local newspapers in Hamedan played a significant role in increasing the knowledge of all citizens during the first Pahlavi period. Health and medical issues were the focus of this newspaper. The purpose of this article is to review the health and medical news and reports published in this newspaper to know the situation in Hamedan at that time.

 This research analyzed the data and explained the findings in a library and descriptive-analytical way. Its main source is Golgoun newspaper and its news and reports. Other sources that are related to this research and the health status of Hamedan in the first Pahlavi period have also been used.

Ethical Considerations: 

In this study, the principles of trustworthiness and honesty have been observed.

 Among the health and medical content Published in Golgoun newspaper are the advice to follow health considerations, introducing diseases and their treatment methods and knowing the types of medicines and famous doctors of Hamedan. The fight against superstitions and illegal usage was considered as the most important mission of this newspaper, which was successful to some extent.

 When the lack of health and medical facilities was felt not only in Hamedan, but in the whole country, Golgoun was able to inform the readers about the importance of health in improving nations and the problems of not paying attention to it by publishing numerous articles and provide valuable information to the audiences. The publication of these materials was its operators’ sensitivity and concern towards the health and medicine and in line of the commitment to the principle of "prevention is better than cure".

Designing a payment system for healthcare workers- doctors and nurses, in particular- in the hospitals is more intricate than that for other organizations. Beyond the legal compliance, the unique features of the medical professions and nursing work environment should be considered. Due to the lack of adequate researches on payment methods for doctors and nurses in Iran, especially regarding the recent changes in “fee for services” (FFS) payment, the present study aimed to investigate the payment challenges faced by the doctors and nurses in Iranian public hospitals.

Challenges were identified by interviews, and prioritized by adopting the MARCOS method. The study population included the hospital managers, healthcare payment method experts, and doctors and nurses in the public hospitals. Targeted sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. In the MARCOS method, criteria determination, weighting, and scoring of the challenges were performed by five experts in the field of healthcare payment. Criteria included decreased motivation (25%), reduced productivity (15%), correction cost (40%), and implementation difficulty of the correction (20%). Calculations were performed using Excel software and determining the relevant priorities.

A total of 16 interviews were conducted in this study, with 10 interviews about the academic faculty and hospital managers in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, three about the nursing experts in Tehran, and three about the Ministry of Health experts. According to MARCOS method calculations, the top 4 challenges in compensating doctors were identified as: low FFS ceiling, lack of job difficulty incentives, the inadequate impact of full-time work, and the progressive taxing. Additionally, the 2 primary challenges in compensating nurses were: irregular payment of FFS, and collective payment of FFS instead of individual payment.

At the time of this study, Iranian public hospitals provided the doctors with individual rights, benefits, and allowances, while it provided the nurses with collective rights, benefits, and overtime pay. Although these compensation methods often posed different challenges, most of the issues were associated with the allowance payments. By prioritizing key challenges, authorities may have developed the necessary solutions for addressing the challenges as well as enhancing the satisfaction of doctors and nurses in Iranian public hospitals.

The role of information in improving the health of society and reducing healthcare costs is undeniable. However, in practice, there exists insufficient and incomplete information among healthcare providers. This lack of comprehensive information among market players leads to inefficiencies and failure in market performance. The main goal of the current research was to investigate health information asymmetry and inadequacy within the health information market.

This article is a narrative and unsystematic review. Studies were retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Magiran, Sid and Google Scholar databases by using the keywords of information inadequacy, Asymmetry of health information done in the fields of article title, abstract and keywords. Subsequently, according to the purpose of the study, the researchers selected relevant resources and summarized their findings.

18 paper were selected for this research. In this research, we specifically address health information inadequacies across three key sections: patients, doctors, and insurance. At the end of each section, ways to solve these deficiencies were mentioned. Results Showed patients faced with the phenomenon of injustice in accessing health information, and the continuation of this injustice leads to the poverty of health information, and due to the lack of proper access to health information, the asymmetry of information between the doctor and the patient was created. Doctors, on the other hand, faced challenges in accessing up-to-date and evidence-based information for patient care. Asymmetric information could be exploited, resulting in induced demand. Insurances face the problems of inappropriate selection, moral hazard and demand induction by the supplier or consumer.

Information asymmetry has seriously penetrated the health field and there is a high level of unconfident and uncertainty in it. One of the ways to overcome the health information asymmetry and insufficiency of the health information market is the access of all stakeholders to the information.

emotion management is one of the positive personality traits that has been the focus of many psychologists in recent years. Improving emotion management can improve people's quality of life and job performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of group training of emotion regulation on the job performance of doctors and nurses in general hospitals in Isfahan city during the Corona crisis.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of this research is a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all the doctors and nurses of the general hospitals of Isfahan city in the first three months (April, May and June) of 2021. 40 doctors and nurses in Isfahan city were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. The experimental group received the emotion regulation training package for 8 sessions; the control group did not receive any training. The follow-up was done after three months. Repeated measurement test was used to analyze the results. The data was analyzed using SPSS software

The analysis of the obtained findings shows that the average scores of the job performance of the people according to the group (control and experiment) after adjusting the pre-test has a significant difference (p<0.05) and the experimental group after receiving adjustment training. Excitement shows higher job performance.

Therefore, it can be said that emotion regulation training increases general positive orientation, positive cognitive processes, and positive emotional functioning of people, and therefore improves the job performance of doctors and nurses during the outbreak of Corona.

 Medical ethics is one of the important subjects in medical knowledge and profession, which plays an important role in systematization and scientific improvement of this profession and consequently in the lives of people in the society. In the Abbasid era (132-656 AH), at the same time as the scientific progress in the field of Islamic civilization, great efforts were made to realize the principles of medical ethics and structure it by sages and rulers. Paying attention to the status and importance of doctors in this era had prepared the ground for the increase of fraudsters in this profession who were endangering the health and lives of patients. Therefore, the institution of the Abbasid caliphate dealt with the delinquent people entering this profession by providing several measures and measures and provided a platform for the improvement of ethics in the medical profession.

 The present research is a descriptive-analytical study. In order to collect information, first-hand sources in the Abbasid period have been examined. In this regard, first the books of general history and chronicles have been examined, then the medical sources of this era have been studied. New sources have also been used to complete the information.

Ethical Considerations: 

Throughout the present study, scientific integrity and fidelity have been fully observed.

 The results of the research showed that paying attention to medical ethics training, expanding medical service centers, paying attention to the importance and status of doctors' science and knowledge, and strengthening the social position of those whose knowledge was proven, testing and monitoring their work through devices Competent supervision was one of the functions of the caliphate institution of the Abbasid era, which provided the ground for the moral education of doctors.

 In the Abbasid era, in addition to the attention of the caliphate to realize ethics in the medical profession, trained doctors also tried to treat all patients ethically without considering the apparent differences. They were not indifferent even to the patients who were in a more sensitive situation in terms of mental and social conditions and they tried to treat them decently like other patients and take measures to reduce pain and Do their pains.

The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the criminal liability of doctors and paramedics with an emphasis on the Quranic rule of benevolence and legal evidence.

This research was conducted with the method of library studies and in a descriptive-analytical way, which was obtained and analyzed by referring to the Holy Quran and legal evidence.

The main problem of the research is that "Do doctors and paramedics have criminal responsibility for the actions and behaviors they perform towards patients or not?" The findings of the research show that verses from the Holy Quran indicate the removal of criminal liability from doctors and paramedics. Among them is the honorable verse "Ma ala al-muhsinin min sabeil wa Allah is forgiving and merciful" (Tawbah: 91). Every common sense says that one should not hurt a benefactor, and it is certain that a benefactor is also blessed, that is, he finds justice on the neck of another. Therefore, we should show kindness to him in return for kindness. If we punish him, this is a disservice to Mohsen. In this case, the ruling of reason is one of the cases in which it cannot be violated, because "Is there punishment for charity except for charity" (Al-Rahman: 60) is one of the rulings of "Aqla bma hamm aqla" and it is part of Mahmoudah's opinions and it is one of the cases where the rule is " All of us are ruled by reason, ruled by law, and it is one of the places where we understand the criteria. In Iranian law, if a doctor or paramedic does not violate the laws and regulations and specialized systems of medicine or paramedics, and in addition to that, he is not criminally responsible - as well as civilly -.

By examining the verses of the Holy Quran, intellectual and legal evidence, we come to the conclusion that if doctors and paramedics do not fail to comply with their specialized systems and laws and regulations and acquit the patient, they are examples of "benefactors" and cannot be He punished them for their medical and paramedical actions and behaviors.

One of the major challenges of the health system is the limited access of people in deprived areas to healthcare services. This is because the doctors and specialists do not stay there for long. This research also aims to design a model for retaining doctors and specialists in deprived areas of the country.

This research was exploratory in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type. It was a field study conducted in two qualitative and quantitative stages in 2022. In the first stage, 20 doctors and specialists from deprived areas in the northwest of the country were selected through purposive sampling using the chain-referral method (snowball sampling).  In the second stage, 200 doctors working in universities of medical sciences in northwestern provinces were randomly selected. For analysis, content analysis method and Atlas-ti and Smart PLS were used.

Based on the findings, the following contents were identified as the components and indicators of retaining doctors and specialists in deprived areas of the country; employment with 6 indicators, financial support with 3 indicators, social with 5 indicators, policy-making with 4 indicators, motivation with 7 indicators, professional and career improvement with 7 indicators, management and systematic factors with 5 indicators, and finally, mental and psychological factors with 3 indicators.

The "social" component with a path coefficient of 0.921 had the highest coefficient, and "management and systematic factors" component with a value of 0.722 had the lowest coefficient in the designed model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness on corona disease anxiety its components in doctors during the corona virus pandemic. According to the purpose, this study is applied. In this study which was a Quasi-Experimental with per-test, post-test with the control group, the sample group was selected by available sampling method from all doctors in emamali Hospital and kosar Hospital in Karaj. Therefore, 30 doctors were chosen randomly and assigned to Experimental and control groups. To assess the fifteen of corona disease anxiety CDAS test was used. The experimental group received 8 90-minute mindfulness training sessions. After training, CDAS was used again for both experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and the results of ANCOVA for corona disease anxiety and MANCOVA for corona disease anxiety components showed that There was a significant difference between groups regarding anxiety and its components. The results showed that mindfulness training has been effective in reducing corona disease anxiety and all its components. Therefore, Mindfulness can improve doctors corona disease anxiety and all its components.

Medical professional ethics is a structured system for solving ethical issues and providing appropriate solutions in the medical field. The purpose of this study was to design and test the pattern of professional ethics in physicians.

Reviewing previous studies, the researchers completed and finalized a preliminary list of human resources factors affecting professional ethics components using the Delphi method. For this purpose, 14 professional ethics experts were selected as the expert group using the non-probability sampling method and a combination of purposeful or judgmental and chain methods. In this model, the components were considered as (latent) variables that were measured by relevant indicators (explicit variables) and determined based on structural equation modeling of their impacts on students' professional ethics. Before fitting the model, using SPSSV22 statistical software, the assumption of the normality of data distribution was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov nonparametric test.

The findings were analyzed using a qualitative research method and the Delphi model. The findings of this study led to the identification of 11 components, including conscientiousness, job excellence, integrity and dignity, respect for others, kindness, commitment to social justice, time management, emotional intelligence, confidentiality, ethical knowledge, and moral sensitivity. Among these, time management, emotional intelligence, ethical knowledge and ethical sensitivity are the new achievements of this research. A new index was added to the privacy component, namely electronic patient records.

Appropriate fitting of the proposed model to the present research can be useful in formulating the ethical patterns and national plans at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education level.

Medical professional ethics is a structured discipline to address ethical issues and provide appropriate medical solutions. The purpose of this study was to design a professional ethics model for physicians. Finding effective components in professional ethics was carried out with a qualitative approach, in which there was no predetermined framework, such as a theory or model, and this framework was designed based on aggregated data.
To do this research, firstly, through the study of previous research, a relatively comprehensive understanding of the literature in this field was obtained. And on this basis, a preliminary list of human resource factors influencing the components of professional ethics with the Delphi method was completed and finalized. For this purpose, 14 professional ethics experts were selected as an expert group using non-instantial sampling and a combination of targeted or judgmental and sequential methods.
The findings were analyzed using qualitative research methods and the Delphi model. The findings of this study reveal 11 key components, namely, conscientiousness, professional excellence, integrity and dignity, respect for others, friendship, commitment to social justice, time management, emotional intelligence, secrecy, moral knowledge and ethical sensitivity. Among these components, the importance of time management components, emotional intelligence, ethical knowledge and moral sensitivity were revealed in this research. A new index was added to the privacy component, concerning the e-mailing of patient records.
The results of this study can be a useful model for the Ministry of Health and other institutions where professional ethics are part of their mandate.

Receiving unusual fees from patients, i.e. charges which are higher that the rate approved by the government, has become a widespread phenomenon. This ever-growing issue has turned into a challenge with which patients and medical community are faced. However, some doctors consider it as an offensive and ugly behavior. According to Islamic jurisprudence, treatment of patients and doing medical work is obligatory in cases of non-sufficiency (if there are enough people to do it, other people do not have the religious duty to do it). So, acquiring fees to do it is permitted based on the rates approved by the Islamic government and enforcing higher charges is forbidden. Investigation of this issue is important not only from a jurisprudential and legal perspective but also from a social aspect since the individuals in the society are faced with this challenge. Requiring higher-than-normal charges from patients is forbidden by the laws of Islam for the following reasons: using capital that has been earned through insufficient work, it is an instance of bribery, it is against the national laws and it creates chaos in the society. There are not any reasons to consider such an act permissible. In addition, it goes against ethics in medicine. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical method to investigate the above-mentioned issue.

Accuracy, skill and adherence to medical ethics are the minimum expectations of the patient from the treatment staff. And failure to do so will cause financial and economic loss to the patient. Negligence means something that should be done for the patient, but that was not the case at all. The purpose of this ethical report is to outline the issue of carelessness and negligence in treatment and care through the introduction of a case of medical-care failure in a patient admitted to Intensive Care Unit.

A 48-year-old man was a farmer (a combine driver) who suffered from severe hemorrhage of arterial hypoxia, followed by coma for 6 months. To maintain the airway, a tracheostomy tube was used to feed the nasal tube to the gut (NGT). Regarding the condition of the coma and despite the restriction of use of the gastrointestinal tract (max. 4 weeks), the patient was discharged after 50 days with a tracheostomy tube and gastric nasal congestion and consciousness level (4 out of 15). This led to multiple physical problems and persistent complications for the patient (after healing) and multiple treatment costs for the patient's family.

The position of the doctors and the curative staff makes the seemingly small negligence cause great consequences for patients and their families. Indifference and negligence for patients with coma and low levels of consciousness is very unpleasant.

Excessive use or misuse of antibiotics leads to important consequences such as increased cost of treatment, bacterial resistance, treatment failure, drug toxicity and increased morbidity and mortality. Use of guidelines can result in increased knowledge of the physicians and decreased prescription of antibiotics with resultant change in the attitudes of the physicians towards this policy.
This cross-sectional study included 356 physicians and was conducted in Sanandaj in 2015. The sampling method was census. The final questionnaire included 7 questions to assess knowledge, 18 questions to measure attitudes, (by means of a 5-point Likert Scale from very strong agreement to very strong disagreement), and 12 questions to assess performance. The reliability of the questionnaire was 54%. Using SPSS20 software, frequency and mean score of the questions were calculated.
Among 356 questionnaires, 44.2% were filled out by specialists and 45.2% by the physicians who had graduated more than seven years ago. 56% of the physicians chose the correct answer for the questions on knowledge, and 25% of the physicians had knowledge about antibiotic resistance. 97.3% of the physicians agreed that antibiotics in our country have been used in excess. In this study, 233 (65.5%) physicians had high knowledge and self-confidence and 19.7% expressed low or lack of self-confidence about antibiotic prescription. WHO guideline and antibiotic guideline had been considered useful by 56% and 54.5% of the participants respectively. 49.9% of the physicians had not participated in any training course on antibiotic prescription. The highest and lowest frequency rates about sources of knowledge on antibiotic prescription belonged to internet (63.2%) and information provided by pharmaceutical companies (30.3%) respectively.
Considering the average level of knowledge of the doctors on antibiotic prescription and lack of participation of half of the subjects in training courses on antibiotic prescription after, attention to training courses with proper planning is recommended.

Among the most important challenges facing the patients and managers in health system is the issue of receiving additional charges known as “kickbacks”. Despite the fact that legislators have generally considered this act as illegal, there is a different judicial ruling because the nature of treatment contracts in private centers such as offices and public centers differs from each other. This article investigates the judicial ruling on receiving kickbacks in state centers.
This is a retrospective study based on extensive literature survey.
Findings: Referring to some other evidence, some argue that the illegitimacy of bribery is only in legal cases and in non-legal cases such as medicine, it is permissible. Others, however, believe that in the issue of emergencies, based on common sense the person under pressure has agreed to such contract, it is considered as valid and cannot be regarded as ill-gotten or illegal money.
From the judicial point of view, in these cases, the doctor becomes a party hired through the contract made by the hospitals or other public centers and since he has no direct financial relation with the patient, his receiving the kickbacks cannot be justified judicially or legally because he is employed by the government and is required to receive the amount of money stated in the contract. Therefore, taking any kickbacks is considered as ill-gotten money and as a result it is regarded illegal and unlawful. However, some of the jurists have allowed for it provided that the patient himself consents to paying additional money. It seems that a patient has no option but to consent to such terms because of the emergency situation he is in and such a ruling is null and void and it is still considered as illegal.