جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « enterococci » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) and high level aminoglycoside resistant (HLAR) Enterococci have complicated the available treatment modalities for Enterococci worldwide. The existing study was planned to evaluate the occurrence of HLAR and VRE strains in a tertiary care center in India and to study the association of HLAR with vancomycin sensitive Enterococci (VSE) and VRE.

 A total of 50 enterococcal isolates from various clinical specimens were incorporated in the study. Speciation was done on the basis of standard biochemical tests. HLAR was tested by the disc diffusion method using 150µg gentamicin disc and 200 µg streptomycin discs. Vancomycin susceptibility patterns were reported using vancomycin disc and agar dilution methods.

Pus samples comprised of the majority for the isolation of enterococcal strains (40%). 54% isolated strains were HLGR, 32% were HLSR and 14% isolates were positive for both HLGR and HLSR. 61.7% of Enterococcus faecium isolates demonstrated resistance for high-level gentamicin (HLGR) and 43.75% Enterococcus faecalis isolates were resistant to high-level streptomycin (HLSR). When VRE was compared to VSE, the rate of HLSR was detected to be 4.64% in VRE, while it was 32.55% in VSE; the rate of HLGR was noted to be 11.62% in VRE and it was 41.87% in VSE. The association of HLGR with HLSR (HLAR) was 2.32% in VRE and 13.95% in VSE strains. Enterococci strains are showing an increase in their antimicrobial resistance patterns. The increment of such strains in health care settings has to be reserved and controlled to avert complicated infections.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant challenges globally that threatens our ability to treat infectious diseases. This study investigated Streptococci and Enterococci in dental caries and healthy individuals and determined antibiotic resistance in the recovered bacteria.

One hundred and twelve samples were collected, 56 from patients with dental caries and 56 samples from the teeth and saliva of healthy people. The samples were cultured on blood agar and purified on Mitis Salivarius agar. All isolates were identified by biochemical tests and Vitek 2 system and then examined for antibiotic susceptibility by disc diffusion method.

Streptococci and enterococci were the most isolated agents from dental caries and the teeth and saliva of healthy people. Streptococcus spp. comprised 48.61% of bacteria in dental caries and 28.40% in healthy individuals, while Enteroccus spp. was 22.22% in dental caries and 30.84% in healthy individuals. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius were more prevalent in dental caries and healthy individuals, respectively, while Enterococcus faecium was detected in both dental caries and healthy individuals. Also, there were significant differences between the number of streptococci isolated from healthy and caries people (P<0.05). In isolates recovered from healthy people, the streptococcal spp. exhibited high resistance to azithromycin (82.6%), cefixime and tetracycline (91.3%), and amoxicillin (60.8%). In contrast, enterococci were resistant to tetracycline (92%) and cefixime (76%). In dental caries isolates, the streptococcal and enterococcal spp. showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin (> 68%).

The streptococcal and enterococcal spp. comprised the most isolated bacteria from healthy individuals and dental caries and exhibited multidrug resistance.

Enterococci are Gram-positive bacteria that colonize the intestine of warm-blooded animals and humans as normal flora. Enterococci cause a variety of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The emergence of vancomycin and gentamicin resistant enterococci has made a major challenge in the treatment of enterococcal infections worldwide. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin and gentamycin resistance among Enterococcus spp in Iran during 2007-2019.

In this study, 26 studies were reviewed to collect data on the frequency of vancomycin and gentamicin resistant enterococci in Iran. To find studies published during January 2007 to January 2019, a search strategy was performed by searching different Iranian and international databases, including SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Pub Med, and Web of Science.

The prevalence of vancomycin- and gentamicin-resistant enterococci was very high in Iran (41 and 44%, respectively). Accordingly, Enterococcus faecalis was more prevalent in clinical samples compared to E. faecium (75.49% vs. 24.05%). However, resistance to vancomycin was higher in E. faecium strains compared to E. faecalis.

Due to the increasing vancomycin and gentamicin resistance among Enterococcus species in Iran, it is necessary to design strategies that lead to the rational prescription of antibiotics and limit the spread of resistant enterococci.

Of all enterococci species, the most renowned clinically as multidrug-resistant pathogens are Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) species are the principal cause of opportunistic hospital-acquired infections, due to numerous resistance mechanisms.

In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of VRE according to clinical sources from three selected hospitals in Southwest-Nigeria were investigated. Altogether, 431 samples (urine, rectal, and wound swabs - caesarian section (CS), automobile accidents, and other skin lesions and abrasions) were collected from three selected hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria. Established techniques were employed for the recovery of enterococci and screening for VRE while antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by disc diffusion technique.

Altogether, 208 (48.3%) enterococci strains were recovered from which 85 (40.9%) were VRE. E. faecium predominated at 71.8% (61/85) and E. faecalis at 28.2% (24/85) as determined by phenotypic characterization. VRE isolates exhibited 100%, 97.6%, and 92.9% resistance to ampicillin, clindamycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q/D) respectively. The least resistance in-vitro was to tigecycline (27.1%). None of the antibiotics exhibited 100% activity against all the isolates. vanA resistant phenotype was prevalent at 65.9%. E. faecium from all study locations displayed higher levels of resistance than E. faecalis. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices in all VRE isolates were ≥0.2, all being multidrug-resistant.

The high prevalence rate along with the high level of multidrug resistance observed in the present study is worrisome and poses a continuous threat in the therapy of illnesses triggered by VRE as vancomycin was perceived as a drug of choice to curb enterococcal infections.

Enterococcus is a part of normal gastrointestinal flora in human body. Nevertheless, antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus (ARE) is considered a key factor in nosocomial infections which result in a considerable increase in the rate of patient death due to referring of numerous patients to health centers annually, or lead to extended disease convalescence.

This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effect at 405nm diode at a laser power of 30 mW on ARE viability of clinical infections.

In the present study, 30 isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) in which sensitivity to piperacillin (100 µg), rifampin (5 µg), and oxacillin (1 µg) were measured based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Afterwards, ten most resistant isolates were selected and irradiated by a 405 nm diode laser at a power of 30 mW for 180 and 240 seconds. The data were reported statistically as mean ± standard deviation, and the analysis of the data on varied bacteria was performed using ANOVA. The result was evaluated by SPSS software and P value ≤0.05 was interpreted to be significant.

Bacterial viability decreased unsteadily to 10 resistant isolates. Moreover, enhancing irradiation time caused a lower viability rate in such a way that the viability of isolate 9 having the lowest viability rate was reduced from 2.94% in 180 seconds to 0.58% in 240 seconds. The result was evaluated by SPSS software and P value was determined to be significant, and P≤0.05 was laser irradiation for either 180 s or 240 s.

Following the study results, 405 nm diode laser could be applied as a tool for eliminating clinical ARE, and it was useful for preventing hospital-acquired infections.

Industrial wastewater is one of the most dangerous and important sources of bacterial pathogens. This study aimed to determine the frequency of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in samples taken from wastewater plants of Golestan Province, Iran, and evaluate the antimicrobial effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with vancomycin on the growth of isolates resistant to vancomycin. Samples were taken from three plants in Gorgan, Kordkuy and Bandar Turkoman. Enterococcal species were identified based on the most probable number (MPN), filtration, microbiological and biochemical tests. Susceptibility to six antibiotics with monitoring of vancomycin was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer method, according to the CLSI-2015 guidelines. The antibacterial effect of AuNPs was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. More than 60% of wastewater samples were positive for enterococcal species, 65% of which were found in raw effluent, while the remaining 35% were found in the treated effluent. Based on the results, 88.2% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The frequency of vancomycin-resistant enterococci was 47.1%. Our findings indicate the presence of multi-drug resistant enterococci and high rate of vancomycin resistance in wastewater samples from the Golestan Province, Iran. Results show good antibacterial effects of AuNp s in combination with vancomycin in high densities against all the drug-resistant enterococci strains.

Vancomycin‑resistant enterococci (VRE) are on the rise globally in primary intraradicular infections and resistant to most intracanal irrigants and medicaments. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the efficacy of irrigants and identify a cost‑effective regimen to eradicate VRE. In this in vitro study irrigants were categorized as primary and surfactant groups with individual concentrations consisting of 10 samples each. Primary irrigants; sodium
hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI) were prepared in concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, 2%, and 1%. Surfactants cetrimide (CTR) and sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS) were prepared in concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Biopure MTAD was chosen as the control group. ATCC 51299 (VRE) was evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility to the above irrigants by direct contact test for 5 min. The effect of each test irrigant was determined by calculating the percentage kill of viable bacteria by spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done by means of a one‑way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U‑test (P < 0.05 consider significant). About 2.5% and 5% CHX were significant over mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD) (P < 0.05). 5% CHX could achieve 100% elimination while 2.5% CHX and 5% IKI had 99.90%. 2% CHX and 2.5% IKI had 99% effective kill percentage. All concentrations of NaOCl were ineffective (90%) as compared to MTAD (95%). CTR (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and SDS (2%) were significant (P < 0.05) over MTAD. Combination surfactant regimens of 2% CHX +0.5% CTR and 2% CHX +1% SDS achieved 99.90% eradication potential and were significant (P < 0.05) over MTAD. Surfactant regimens were highly effective and superior to MTAD. CTR and SDS by their organic solvent property enhanced the antibacterial action of CHX.

Bacteriocin - producing Enterococci have potential probiotic value. In this study, Enterococci possessing stable antibacterial activities were isolated from yoghurts of Bangladesh.

Bacteria were isolated on MRS medium and genotyped based on partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Cultured supernatants were assessed for antibacterial activity by agar - well diffusion method before and after heat, proteinase K, and β - mercaptoethanol treatments.

In this study, 18 Enterococci bacteria were isolated from 10 different yoghurt samples of Bangladesh. Partial 16S rDNA genotyping suggested that these bacteria were either E. faecalis or E. faecium, or E. durans. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these strains are closely related to other dairy Enterococci and distantly related to non - dairy Enterococci. Four isolates showed potent antibacterial activity against seven food - borne pathogens in vitro. The antibacterial property can withstand temperature as high as 90 ºC for an hour, 1 µg/mL proteinase K, and 2.5% (v/v) β - mercaptoethanol treatments as well.

These isolated yoghurt Enterococci have some probiotic value because of their stable antibacterial activities and further improvement of these Enterococci is necessary to improve yoghurt quality

Hospital-acquired infections are among the most significant reasons of human mortality world-wide which can be controlled by efficient application of suitable disinfectant for hospital setting. The main goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of eight routinely used hospital disinfectants against clinical isolates.
In our descriptive study, in the first step the antibiogram assay of 99 clinical isolates enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined. Then, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of isolates against Povidone Iodine 10%, Ethanol 70%, Savlon 3.2%, Deconex51Gastro, Procept Floor, Septo med, Surfanious and Gigasept AF were evaluated. Furthermore, the efficacy of disinfectants was reevaluated in presence of 5% (w/v) Bovine Serum Albumin.
The results showed that Septo med and Surfanious are the most and less potent disinfectants against clinical isolates, respectively. It is also resulted that Povidone Iodine is the most effective choice among the conventional disinfectants in this study. Clearly, addition of 5% organic substances reduced the efficacy of selected disinfectants significantly.
Novel quaternary ammonium compounds are the most applicable choice for disinfection of hospital surfaces and instruments in this study.

Enterococci are a natural part of the genito-intestinal and gastrointestinal normal flora in humans and are widely distributed in the environment and are one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections..
The aim of this study was to identify Enterococcus spp. from vaginal samples of pregnant women and measure their antibiotic resistance patterns..
This descriptive study was performed on 602 strains. Vaginal swabs were cultured for Enterococcus spp. from pregnant women at 35 - 37 weeks of pregnancy in Kerman city, Iran, during April 2013 to March 2014 or in labor samples transported to the laboratory using Amies transport medium. Swabs were cultivated in Todd Hewitt broth medium and subsequently plated on blood agar plates containing gentamicin and nalidixic acid. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for enterococci by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)..
Vaginal colonization of Enterococcus genus was 8.14%. Parameters of age, parity, history of abortion, history of ruptured membranes, vaginal discharge and other vaginal signs (itching and so on) had no influence on vaginal colonization of Enterococcus spp. The predominant species were respectively E. faecalis 89.8%, E. faecium 6.1% and other Enterococcus spp. 4.1%. All samples were susceptible to gentamicin and amoxicillin and MIC for gentamicin and amoxicillin was 2 to 8 μg mL-1 and 0.5 to 8 μg mL-1, respectively. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was 6.4%, while its MIC range was 8 to 16 μg mL-1..
In this study none of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, while 20% of isolates with MIC of 4 μg mL-1 had intermediate reaction to it. Other demographic parameters had not correlation with vaginal colonization of enterococci..

Enterococci are important pathogens in nosocomial infections. Various types of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, are used for treatment of these infections. Enterococci can acquire resistant traits, which can lead to therapeutic problems with aminoglycosides.
This study was designed to identify the prevalence of, and to compare, the aac(6’)-aph(2”) and aph(3)-IIIa genes and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates from patients at Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah in 2011 - 2012.
Patients and One hundred thirty-eight clinical specimens collected from different wards of Imam Reza hospital were identified to the species level by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against kanamycin, teicoplanin, streptomycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin were performed by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin were evaluated with the microbroth dilution method. The aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6’)-aph(2”) and aph(3”)-IIIa were analyzed with multiplex PCR.
The prevalence of isolates was 33 (24.1%) for E. faecium and 63 (46%) for E. faecalis. Eighty-nine percent of the isolates were high-level gentamicin resistant (HLGR), and 32.8% of E. faecium isolates and 67.2% of E. faecalis isolates carried aac(6’)-aph(2”). The prevalence of aph(3”)-IIIa among the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates was 22.7% and 77.3%, respectively.
Remarkably increased incidence of aac(6’)-aph(2”) among HLGR isolates explains the relationship between this gene and the high level of resistance to aminoglycosides. As the resistant gene among enterococci can be transferred, the use of new-generation antibiotics is necessary.

Enterococci have emerged as more virulent and multidrug-resistant in community and hospital settings. The emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals has posed a serious threat to public health. The widespread use of antibiotics to treat VRE infections has resulted in the development of resistant forms of these organisms.
Present study deals with the efficacy of antibiotic-nanoparticle combination against clinical isolates of VRE. This study has effectively evaluated the anti-enterococcal activity of metallic nanoparticles and their combination with antibiotics with the aim to search for new biocidal combinations.
Initially, the isolates were identified by various biochemical tests and also by PCR, targeting ddl, vanA and vanB genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both antibiotics and metal nanoparticles against VRE was done using broth dilution method. On the basis of MICs, a combination of both antibiotics and nanoparticles was used by physical mixing of antibiotics and different concentrations of nanoparticles.
The MIC of metal nanoparticles were found in the range of 0.31 - 30 mM. The combination of both antibiotics and nanoparticles has effectively reduced the MICs of ciprofloxacin from 16 - 256 μg/mL to 2 - 16 μg/mL, erythromycin 1024 - 2048 μg/mL to 128 - 512 μg/mL, methicillin 32 - 256 μg/mL to 8 - 64 μg/mL and vancomycin 2 - 512 μg/mL to 0.5 - 64 μg/mL.
Among the nanoparticles, ZnO was found as a potent metallic nanoparticle which effectively reduced the MIC upon combination with the antibiotics. The combination exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity against multidrug resistant clinical strains of VRE with dose dependency. Further extensive study on this aspect can prove their beneficial clinical use against resistant pathogens to combat increasing resistance to antibiotics.

Enterococci are one of the most common nosocomial pathogens and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has been increasing.. We studied the antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci isolated from different clinical specimens of patients in Tehran.. From the beginning of April 2013 to the end of June 2013, a total of 146 enterococci were isolated from the Pars General Hospital in Tehran. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates against ampicillin, clindamaycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and vancomycin was determined using the disk diffusion method according to the guidelines of clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI).. The rates of resistance were high to clindamycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin (97.2%, 89%, and 74.5%, respectively); moderate to ciprofloxacilin and levofloxacilin (40.6% and 36.4%, respectively); and low to ampicillin and nitrofurantoin (13.8% and 3.5%, respectively). All isolates were linezolid sensitive. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) accounted for 9.6% of the isolates.. VRE and a high rate of resistance to some of antimicrobial agents were found among the enterococci isolated from patients in Tehran. These findings highlight the importance of regular supervision of antimicrobial susceptibilities..