جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « evidence-based medicine » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Correct clinical decision-making has a significant impact on the treatment process, achieving the expected clinical outcome and increasing patient satisfaction, and identifying the factors affecting it is essential for evidence-based medical education. This study aimed to determine the relationship between evidence-based medicine with academic self-efficacy and research self-efficacy of medical students.

This descriptive analytical study conducted from October 2022 to October 2023 on 45 medical students at Abadan University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining consent from the students and registering demographic and educational information, data collection was performed using evidence-based medicine, academic self-efficacy, and research self-efficacy questionnaires. Then data analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, and regression model in SPSS.

The findings of our study showed that research self-efficacy in students who had research experience (189.03) was significantly higher than students who did not have research experience (140.76).  In addition, the average score of academic and research self-efficacy and evidence-based medicine in students who had a history of membership in the student research committee was significantly higher than students who did not have a history of membership. Finally, it was found that evidence-based medicine had a direct and significant relationship with research self-efficacy (r=0.361, P<0.05) and academic self-efficacy (r=0.457, P<0.001). In examining the relationship between academic self-efficacy and research self-efficacy, it was also found that these two variables have a direct and significant relationship with each other (r=0.714, P<0.001). As well as, there was no significant relationship between academic self-efficacy, research self-efficacy, and understanding the characteristics of evidence-based practice with any of the variables of age, gender and entry year (P>0.05).

 According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that academic self-efficacy and research self-efficacy have an effect on evidence-based medicine, and all of the above can be improved by teaching  medical students to participate in student research committees and doing research work. In this way, it improves the quality of treatment in doctors.

At least one third of adults around the world suffer from chronic pain. These types of pain have a great impact on physical activity, wellbeing, sleep, depression, social isolation, and the quality of life in people suffering from it. Various treatments are available to treat chronic pain. One of them is the use of antidepressants. Recently, a network meta-analysis has examined the effectiveness of these drugs. In this commentary, we have discussed the importance of the subject and the investigation of the claim of this study and the evaluation of its method.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are currently the optimal way to transfer information to healthcare professionals to ensure that their clinical actions are evidence-based. However, the process of developing and implementing these CPGs faces challenges. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning, natural language processing, and decision support systems, can be employed as effective solutions to transform the development and implementation process of CPGs and address the challenges in this field. This study aimed to investigate the role of AI in the development and implementation of CPGs.

In this review study, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using selected keywords, including clinical practice guidelines, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and clinical decision support systems, and their English equivalents, from 2013 to 2023.

AI has the potential to revolutionize the development and implementation process of CPGs. The reviewed studies demonstrated that AI can be used in data analysis, evidence synthesis, decision support, customization, continuous updating, and quality assurance of CPGs. Challenges and ethical considerations in this field, such as data quality, transparency and interpretability, accountability, inclusiveness, ethical considerations, legal and regulatory frameworks, also need to be addressed.

AI has the potential to improve the traditional approach of CPGs development and implementation. Advanced research and collaboration between AI experts, healthcare professionals, and policymakers are necessary to refine and optimize the role of AI in clinical guidelines. This collaborative effort will ensure that AI remains a valuable tool in improving patient outcomes, promoting evidence-based decision-making, and shaping the future of health and treatment.

Today, Journal Club is one of the most effective methods in medical education that is used in almost all medical universities. The aim of this study was to determine the students' satisfaction toward journal club sessions of the surgical department in the presence and absence of an epidemiologist or statistics specialist in Ali-Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2021.

In this descriptive study, 6 sessions were held with and 8 without the presence of an expert. The target population, all medical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences studying in the surgery department in the summer of 2021, was included in the study using census. Data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire of 32 questions whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using independent t-test.

The average (standard deviation) satisfaction score in sessions with the presence of an expert (78.79±16.71) was significantly higher than the average satisfaction score in the sessions without the presence of an expert (66.69±10.73) (p<0.001). The average score of satisfaction from the journal-club meetings in the meetings with the presence of an expert according to being male (p<0.001), studying at an internship level (p<0.001), having a total GPA greater than or equal to 17 (p<0.001), having experience in attending the journal club meetings (p<0.001), knowing about the subject of the article (p<0.001), studying about the subject of the article (p<0.001), passing the unit of medical statistics and research methods (p<0.001), holding regular meetings (p<0.001), holding meetings at specific hours (p<0.001), and holding meetings online (p<0.001) were significantly more than meetings without the presence of an expert.

According to the obtained results, the presence of people such as respected experts in epidemiology and statistics in the journal club meetings improves the satisfaction and the impact of the meetings in the education of students.

Health care systems need reforms in the process of education to performance. Reforms with a targeted educational and medical perspective that will permeate all effective health care systems and evidence-based medicine is considered a practical method in the development of health care and treatment in the world. This approach will be effective during its lifetime in the education of medical sciences, on the quality of education, on the quality of education, from the beginning of the education of health and medical sciences until the lifetime of the educators.
The present study is a systematic review by searching in Iranian databases such as: SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, foreign databases such as: Uptodate, Pubmed, Scopous during the years 2019 to 2022 with keywords; Evidence-based medicine, evidence-based education, evidence-based practice, evidence-based learning, evidence-based care, educational quality, medical science education are searched.
Evidence-based medicine in line with its longevity in medical sciences still needs a fundamental review in healthcare and treatment, many studies have stated the lack of use of evidence-based medicine and obstacles to its implementation in their results. However, the growing trend of using evidence-based medicine is not significant and requires inductive impulses to implement, apply and use and evaluate its effects.
Evidence-based medical education and its effects have been clearly studied, but micro and macro policies in its implementation and application require a fundamental review so that the process of education, learning, performance and care is the most favorable process of growth and development in the body. Go through the educational and research system of medical sciences.

Continuing medical education is a continuing process to teach clinicians and provide patients with up-to-date, evidence-based care. The current study is a review type that through searching in databases; Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier and ProQuest Scopus, has been done in the range of 2019-2022. Articles were searched based on the keywords of continuing medical education, virtual education, electronic education and corona-virus and the English equivalent of Continuing Medical Education, Virtual Teaching, E-Learning, Corona-Virus. In the initial review, a number of 476 articles and documents were searched, after removing 86 duplicates, and then they were reviewed in terms of the inclusion criteria, and the articles that met the inclusion criteria after a complete review, finally, 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study for final analysis. The results indicate the effective methods in education in medical sciences and electronic learning are mentioned as a common and effective method. The findings showed that the use of electronic learning, mobile learning, online training, simulator learning environment and blended learning can be effective in improving the skills and adequacy of continuous training. The use of electronic education has led to an increase in the motivation of participants due to saving time for studying and learning educational materials. The results of the challenges and opportunities observed from the texts examined in this research show that, considering the challenges and opportunities of virtual education for providers and learners, the necessity of assessing the needs of practitioners and experts regarding the required training and evolution in virtual education planning, the awareness and familiarity of virtual education planners and managers with these challenges and opportunities as a basic introduction to respond to existing problems and establish an efficient educational system. The development of virtual education requires the strengthening of the supporting role and support of the continuous medical education office of the university in providing infrastructure and financial resources and more independence to universities in planning and implementing the development of virtual education.

To be up-to-date, the medical community must have the ability to communicate in the electronic environment and search for information resources. The present study aims to develop a questionnaire to assess the attitudes of Iranian medical students towards searching for information resources by formulating clinical questions and evaluate its validly and reliability.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were 190 interns from two educational hospitals in Tehran, Iran who were randomly selected. Exploratory factor analysis was used for assessing construct validity of the questionnaire in SPSS software, version 22.

The face validity and content validity of the 18-item questionnaire were assessed and confirmed by five experts. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, four factors of self-learning, learning motivation, information proficiency, and analysis were identified. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model. The total reliability and the reliability for all factors were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which were reported above 60%. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient and Bartlett test coefficient were 0.822 and 0.934, respectively (P=0.000).

The questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability to be used by medical community in Iran and in future studies.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates the best available evidence from authentic studies with clinical expertise and patients' values, helping pharmacists to have access to the best available evidence to respond to clinical questions. The present study aimed to assess the level of awareness and attitude of pharmacists as the initial step to improve these practices.

The instrument used in this cross-sectional study was a questionnaire of awareness and attitudes towards EBM and its related terms (Abofarha et al., 2014). After localization, the questionnaire was provided to the pharmacists working in the pharmacies of Zanjan province and pharmacy students in the last two years of university, and the results were assessed.

The participation rate was 75%, and 66.8% of subjects were familiar with the concept of EBM. The participants who did not have sufficient knowledge had higher mean age scores in comparison with those who did not (P=0.001). Moreover, 74.1% of students and 60% of graduates in this study showed sufficient knowledge and the difference between the two groups was significant (P= 0.023). In addition, 84.1% of the participants had a positive attitude towards EBM. Students and graduates did not significantly differ in terms of attitude.

As evidenced by the results of this study, pharmacists and pharmacy students in Zanjan province had a good knowledge of EBM terms. Moreover, it was found that participants with more work experience were less knowledgeable in this regard. The majority of them had positive attitudes towards EBM, and it is suggested to include EBM in the pharmacy curriculum to increase students' knowledge in this regard.

Introduction

In the late 20th century, scientists sought concrete evidence to apply in diagnosing and treating diseases and surgical interventions. Therefore, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) was proposed as a way to search, critically evaluate, and use research results in medical practice. Evidence-based medicine means the conscious, explicit, and wise use of the best evidence in the decision-making process to provide patient care services. Although evidence-based medicine seems to be the standard gold and its use is growing, in reality, it is still not widely used. In this regard, developed countries have been trying to close the gap between research and medical practice by using evidence-based medicine for years. For example, the American Institute of Medicine stated that many medical errors are due to practitioners' lack of knowledge about the best medical methods. It can be reduced to a large extent if they use a systematic search method to get the best evidence. In addition, recent studies have been done in Iran showed that evidence-based practice had received attention in various fields of medicine. Despite this, medical practitioners' awareness, attitude, and performance of evidence-based medicine were low resulted from a lack of facilities, time, and proficiency in English. However, since resident physicians play an essential role in teaching medical students and are crucial clinical decision-makers in teaching hospitals, their ability to use the evidence-based medicine has effectively reduced medical errors and improved clinical decisions. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess residents' attitudes and perceptions of using evidence-based medicine through self-declaration.

This research was an applied and descriptive-cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all medical and dental residents studying at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Two hundred and nine residents participated in the study by completing the questionnaire. Then data were collected through the census method, and sampling was not done. However, the unavailable residents were excluded from the study due to the outbreak of Covid-19 during data collection. The research instrument was a questionnaire with validity and reliability of 0.79 and 0.7, respectively. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts, the first part of which included 13 questions regarding the level of familiarity of the residents with evidence-based medicine, the level of access to the Internet, and the resources used to update information. In the second and third parts of the questionnaire, questions were asked for self-assessment of the attitude and skill toward evidence-based medicine. In addition, the Likert scale was used to measure the responses. The questionnaires were distributed among the participants in face-to-face contact. A deadline of 7 days was considered to respond to the questionnaire. The participants' identification data were not collected due to protect privacy. Also, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 21 using descriptive analysis, including frequency tables, mean and standard deviation, and analytic statistics.

The results showed that 54.5% of the respondents were male, and 45.5% were female, and the average age was 32.31 ± 4.246, with an alpha of 0.05. In addition, 42.1% of the participants passed at least a course in evidence-based medicine, and 65.5% were familiar with it. Also, most of them knew the PubMed database (89%), and their familiarity with the Bandolier (3.3%), Dare, and DOAJ (zero percent) databases were minimal. Moreover, the participants used printed books as the first and most important source of information (41.5%). According to 40% of the participants, lack of knowledge of using the sites was the most important reason for not using Internet-based information sources. Furthermore, 54.8% of the participants agreed that evidence-based medicine is a feasible method for the daily care of patients, and 52.9% of them stated that its everyday use could be helpful. Also, the results of the study indicated that the participants' attitude regarding their performance in evidence-based medicine about their skill in evaluating the quality of a clinical trial study with 7.7% was at the highest level.On the other hand, the lowest level of their skill was related to the best article selected from among several articles, with 3.3%. Even though evidence-based medicine is taught in many major universities around the world and is used in medical practices, the results of this study, which were in agreement with other studies, showed that only about half of the residents were familiar with it, or they passed a training related course. Besides, the results of this study showed that although evidence-based medicine was valuable and important from the participants' point of view, they were not using evidence-based databases as the primary source to get information. In this regard, several studies have also reported similar findings. A limitation of this study was the impossibility of participation all the residents due to the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, the researchers had to involve as many residents as were available. However, a positive point of this research was the study on residents from various medical and dental fields.

In general, the results showed moderate knowledge and skills in using evidence-based medicine databases among residents. Also, PubMed was a popular database among the residents. As related studies have suggested, although evidence-based medicine is part of the academic curriculum, to increase residents' knowledge and skill, therefore, it seems necessary to plan an educational program or workshop.

 The purpose of this study is to review the medical applications of basil based on traditional medicine sources and its proven effects in medical studies.

 First, reference books and pharmacopoeias of traditional Persian medicine were studied and the mentioned applications and properties for basil were extracted. Then the proven effects of basil were then searched in medical databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Finally, Persian medicine teachings were discussed according to the available medical evidence.

Ethical Considerations:

 In this research, the ethical principles of library studies, including authenticity of texts, trustworthiness and honesty, have been observed.

 So far, several therapeutic effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic effects have been proven in studies for basil. This plant also enhances memory and cognitive function and reduces anxiety. It has also been effective in some inflammatory skin diseases and acne. In a comparative evaluation, some of the applications mentioned in Persian medicine literature for this plant, have evidence in medical studies.

 Basil as a native and available plant with medical effects in Persian medicine and proven evidence in modern studies can be considered a complementary therapy in the field of research and treatment.

Background and Purpose:

A paradigmatic reading of medical history results in comprehending the evolution of main concepts based on different paradigms after provoked crises and scientific revolutions in the history of medicine. Basic concepts may fundamentally change in scientific revolutions, i.e., the routine image of phenomena changes in a Gestalt manner. According to modern medicine in the recent century, basic concepts, including causation and explanation, body and physicality, and disease and health have fundamentally changed in the history of medicine. The current study aimed to present and discuss a philosophical image of conceptual incommensurability in the causality concept for emphasizing examples of defining health and disease in different medical paradigms and some models in the scientific revolution of medicine. 

A philosophical analysis was applied to examine the philosophical foundations of medical paradigms. Searching in medical history helps perceive examples of understanding causation and its function. Moreover, both paradigms are discussed in more detail based on a comparative approach with examples.

According to the incommensurability concepts in the science paradigms, simultaneous understanding of the causality concept is considered impossible in traditional-Iranian and modern medicine, i.e., evidence-based medicine.

This study emphasizes the independence of theoretical aspects and practical dimensions of medical paradigms and also deems dialogue and even methodical comparison between paradigms possible, and even necessary; however, this comparison is not a simultaneous communication between both paradigms and demands avoiding methodological confusion.