جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « headache » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) can cause joint pain, trismus, and headaches, which negatively impact people's quality of life and may lead to a decrease in educational level among students. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the symptoms of TMJD among students at Isfahan Azad Dental Faculty.

This descriptive-analytic study involved 62 students from Isfahan Azad Faculty of Dentistry. Pain intensity (cephalic, joint, muscle) was evaluated using the VAS scale. After completing the evaluation of the students and registering the information in the relative checklist, data were analyzed using Exact Fisher and chi-square statistical tests(α=0.05).

The study found that students with headaches did not have a higher incidence of restriction in opening their mouth and joint pain. However, students with headache had lower rates of joint noise (p = 0.04). The age of students was not related to TMD (p>0.05), and gender was not related to joint noise (p= 1.00) and joint pain (p= 0.70). The malocclu-sion status of students was not related to TMD. Parafunctional habits were related to head-aches among students (p< 0.001).

Severe headaches were common among studied students which could be related to temporo-mandibular joint disfunction as it was related to parafunctional habits. TMD symptoms were not related to age, gender (except for mouth opening restriction) and occlusion class type
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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an orthostatic headache syndrome with variable symptoms and complications which is often misdiagnosed at initial manifestations. SIH results from spontaneous CSF leakage leading to brain sag. The typical findings on cranial MR imaging consist of subdural fluid collections, enhancement of the pachymeninges, engorgement of venous structures, pituitary hyperemia, and sagging of the brain. Subdural hematoma may occur as a result of tearing of bridging veins and usually develop into chronic subdural hematoma. The majority of patients with SDH due to SIH have chronic DSH and, therefore, rarely present with neurological deficits. Evacuation of SDH may be performed for large SDH with ME (mass effects), or when dilated or asymmetric pupil is present. However in most cases, evacuation of the hematoma is not necessary and may result in worsened outcomes. The epidural blood patch (EBP) is a treatment of choice. Fortunately, most of these subdural hematomas can be handled with treatment directed at the underlying spinal CSF leak without the need for surgery. We report the case of 42-year-old man with the chief complaint of orthostatic headache. He was admitted to neurology ward and after imaging studies, it was found that he has bilateral subdural hematoma. Due to the lack of history of trauma, underlying disease, and coagulation disorder, and considering the imaging findings, the patient was referred to the pain department to perform an epidural blood patch. After performing the epidural blood patch, the patient's pain was relieved immediately, and during a three-month follow-up period, the epidural hematoma was completely absorbed. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a highly misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed disorder and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. During the last decades, a much larger number of spontaneous cases are identified. Literature is a bit confusing, with some authors recommending evacuation of subdural fluid in cases of deteriorating consciousness and few others recommending EBP first even in patients with comatose state but epidural patch is often an important part of treatment.

Migraine is recognized as the second most disabling disease in the world, accompanied by Bell's palsy, hearing loss, and cerebral nerve paralysis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary triggers on the exacerbation of migraine headaches for the first time in Hormozgan province, Iran.  Individuals were randomly selected from the population of migraine patients referred to the hospital of Shahid Mohammadi in Bandar Abbas (located in southern Iran). A two-stage questionnaire was used, including demographic information and dietary habits of individuals with migraines, containing six types of drinks, 11 types of food, and a fasting diet. This study examined 200 individuals, including 66.5% women and 33.5% men. The age range of participants was from 13 to 66 years old, and the mean age of the study population was 31.42 years. Fasting showed the highest headache exacerbation, followed by coffee, alcoholic beverages, and high-fat foods. The least stimulating type can be attributed to non-alcoholic carbonated and soft drinks. Nuts and walnuts (good sources of omega-3) seemed to be the least irritating among the population, although citrus fruits were not significantly different.  Based on the results, all migraine patients should avoid fasting strictly, keep their sugar levels balanced, and prevent excessive consumption of alcohol and caffeine. The results of subsequent studies will clarify the effect of these two substances on headaches.

The objective of this review is to conduct a thorough analysis of the utilization of acupuncture as a non-pharmacological method for managing pain, with a specific focus on its effectiveness in addressing chronic musculoskeletal pain and headaches.

Method and Materials:

 A comprehensive search was conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published until January 2024. The search employed keywords such as "acupuncture," "acupuncture mechanism," "headache," "musculoskeletal pain," and "pain management." Studies were included if they assessed the use of acupuncture in different clinical populations and reported outcomes related to pain intensity, functional status, and cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, a total of 6 articles were selected for the final analysis.

The studies included in this review encompassed a diverse range of patient populations, specifically focusing on individuals who received acupuncture treatment. The findings indicated that acupuncture was associated with improved pain control and reduced reliance on medication among patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain and headaches. Additionally, one study demonstrated the long-term cost-effectiveness of utilizing acupuncture in this manner..

The results of this review provide support for the implementation of acupuncture as part of non-pharmacological approaches in clinical settings. Future research should concentrate on identifying the most effective combinations of acupuncture and standard care, as well as elucidating the mechanisms that underlie the synergistic effects of this treatment modality.

There is no definite recommendation for melatonin supplementation in episodic migraine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on reducing the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 60 patients with episodic migraine were randomly assigned into 2 groups of receiving 3 mg melatonin (intervention group; n=30) or the same dose of placebo (control group; n=30) along with baseline therapy (propranolol 20 mg, BID) for two months. The attack frequency, attack duration, attack severity (based on VAS), the number of analgesic intakes, drug complications, Migraine Disability Assessment score (MIDAS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were evaluated at baseline and in the first, second, third, and fourth months of follow-up. The independent t test, chi-square, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to compare variables between the two groups.  In both groups, the frequency, duration, and severity of attacks, taking analgesics, MIDAS, and PSQI scores during follow-up decreased significantly (P<0.001). After treatment, the mean frequency (P=0.032) and duration of attacks (P=0.001), taking analgesic (P<0.001), and MIDAS (P<0.001) and PSQI scores (P<0.001) in the melatonin group were lower than placebo. Only the attack severity was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.126). Side effects were observed in two patients (6.7%) in the melatonin group and one patient (3.3%) in the placebo group (P>0.999). Our study shows that melatonin was more efficacious than the placebo in the reduction of frequency and duration of migraine attacks. It was equally safe as the placebo and might be effective in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.Trial registration number: IRCT20190107042264N5.

Migraine is a common, painful and, in severe and chronic cases, debilitating disease characterized by frequent, unilateral and pulsating attacks with moderate to severe intensity, sensitivity to light, nausea or vomiting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation [tDCS] on headache sign and sleep quality in migraine patients.

Method and Materials: 

The current research design was a semi-experimental type of pre- test, post-test with 2-week follow-up. The statistical population of this study was all patients suffering from migraine in Yazd city, a sample of 30 people was selected using the available sampling method and they were placed in two experimental and control groups by random sampling. The tools used in this research were Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. The tDCS treatment method included 5 sessions of 20 minutes with a current of 2 mA .The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance method.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores of headache sign and sleep quality in the post-test and follow-up [p<0/01].

The study showed that tDCS treatment has an effective role in improving headache sign and sleep quality.

Infantile colic is a prevalent issue within the first three months of life. Research indicates that children of mothers who suffer from migraines are more than twice as likely to experience colic.

The aim of this study was to explore the association between a history of maternal migraines and the occurrence of infantile colic.

A case-control study involving 154 infants who visited the Rafsanjan Pediatric Clinic in 2022 was conducted. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and categorized into two groups based on the Wessel criteria for colic: Infants with colic (n = 77) and those without (n = 77), ensuring they were matched for age and sex. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed by the researchers, which gathered information on the mother and infant’s age, the infant’s sex, number of pregnancies, gestational age, birth weight, method of feeding, paternal history of migraines, and maternal fulfillment of the International Headache Society’s migraine criteria.

The analysis revealed that a history of maternal migraines was significantly more common in infants with colic than in the control group (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.17, P < 0.001). Further, multivariable logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, indicated that a maternal history of migraines increased the likelihood of infantile colic fivefold (OR = 5.008, 95% confidence interval: 2.258 to 11.104, P < 0.001).

This study confirms a significant association between maternal migraines and infantile colic, suggesting that maternal migraines could be a risk factor for colic in infants.

Postpartum headache is a common emergency department complaint with a wide differential diagnosis. Distinguishing primary from secondary, more sinister, causes of headache is an important skill for the emergency physician.
We present a case of a 31-year-old G1P1womanwho presented at five days postpartumwith a 48-hour headache and an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy. She had several precipitating postpartum risk factors, including use of hypotonic fluids in labour, oxytocin to augment labour, changes in food and drink patterns, and was mildly hypertensive. Urgent investigations in the emergency department found her to be severely hyponatremic (sodium: 121 mmol/L (normal: 136-144)) without evidence of preeclampsia. She was admitted to hospital to correct her electrolyte imbalance. This case highlights the importance of remaining vigilant in differentiating concerning causes of postpartum headache, as well as identifying key precipitants which may put women at risk for postpartumhyponatremia.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) include a number of clinical conditions involving the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and adjacent structures. The main feature of TMD is pain. According to past studies, TMD can have genetic causes. One of the genes that seems to be important in this regard is COMT. This study aims to compare the effect of COMT gene polymorphism rs4680 on the occurrence of simultaneous head, neck and back pain in patients with TMD.

This study was conducted as a case-control study on patients aged between 18 and 65 with TMD disorder. After meeting the conditions for entering the study, a written informed consent was obtained from the people participating in this project. Then a blood sample of 5cc was prepared from each person and poured into tubes containing EDTA anticoagulant and used for DNA extraction and identification. The COMT gene was sent to the genetics laboratory and was compared in terms of the polymorphism of the COMT gene using the PCRARMS technique.

The sample size was 100 people aged 18 to 65 years. Variables with normal distribution were analyzed with Chi-Square test and variables with non-normal distribution with Mann-Whitney test. After genetic analysis in terms of rs4680 gene polymorphism, 18 people (18%) were identified with AA, 80 people (80%) with GA and 2 people (2%) with GG. “temporal headache in the last 30 days”, “temporal headache change with chewing hard foods”, “temporal headache change with opening the mouth or moving the jaw forward or to the sides”, “ Temporal headache changes with jaw habits such as teeth touching, pressing or grinding teeth together, chewing gum “, “ Temporal headache changes with jaw activities such as talking, kissing or yawning “, “ having Back pain during the last 4 weeks”, having pain in the arm, leg, joints (neck) during the last 4 weeks”, “headache during 4 last weeks” and “time of onset of headache in the temporal region” did not have significant relationships with COMT gene polymorphism rs4680 in patients with TMD. (repectively, p value=0.873، p value=0.658، p value=0.518 p value=0.685، p value=0.884،p value=0.654، p value=0.723، p value=0.831، p value=0.692).

According to previous studies, there is a significant relationship between rs4680 polymorphism in the COMT gene and the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), although in our study, no significant relationship was found between headache and neck and back pain with this polymorphism.

Headache has been a common problem for humans since ancient times. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ear, nose, and throat diseases in patients with headache.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we reviewed medical records of 100 patients presenting with headache to the ENT clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran, between 2019 and 2021. The type of headache (primary or secondary) was diagnosed based on medical history, clinical examinations, and paraclinical examinations (CT scan) and completion of a checklist for each patient. Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. The p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Of 100 patients, 58 (58%) had primary headaches with a mean age of 1.72 ± 4.77 years, and 42 (42%) had secondary headaches with a mean age of 5.57 ± 1.43 years (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the type of headache and location of pain in patients except for the back of the head and the top of the head (p < 0.05). Of the 58 patients with primary headaches, 26 (44.8%), and of the 42 patients with secondary headaches, 10 (23.8%) woke up from sleep due to headache (p < 0.03). Of the 58 patients with primary headaches, 38 (65.5%), and of the 42 patients with secondary headaches, 12 (28.6%) had their headache worsened by light and noise (p < 0.001).

Of all patients, 42% had secondary headaches, which most commonly had symptoms of sinus pain. These patients were treated by an otolaryngologist. Patients with non-sinus headaches were referred to a neurologist.

Because migraine is a common headache, finding ways to approach it better would be useful. So, studying the relation of dimensions of general health and personality types and pain severity in patients with migraine will be useful for fulfilling this aim.

In this cross-sectional study, the number of patients with migraine headache studied in this study was 170. The checklists used in this study were migraine disability assessment (MIDAS), visual analog scale (VAS), Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness (NEO FFI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).

The average scores of general health dimensions in migraine sufferers with aura were higher than in migraine patients without aura. But this difference was significant only in the index of physical symptoms (P=0.02). There was a negative correlation between pain intensity and general health dimensions but it was not statistically significan. A positive correlation was observed between headache intensity and extroversion, which was significant (r=0.18 and P=0.01). The score of physical symptoms increases significantly with the increase of disability severity (P=0.007).

According to the results, the severity of migraine disability, general health dimensions, and personality types in patients with and without Aura was not different. Also, general health dimensions and personality types were not associated with pain intensity and the severity of migraine disability.

Headache is one of the most common causes of emergency hospitalizations in world. Different therapies are used in both acute and prophylactic phase of headaches, but some patients do not have great response to pharmaceutical therapies. These patients can benefit from injection of peripheral nerve blocks depending on the headache type. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nerve blocks in treatment of patients with refractory primary headaches.
This cross-sectional study was done on 187 patients who refered to the emergency of Alavi hospital in Ardabil at year 2021 that hadnot response to the decrease in severity of headache up to 50% based on MIDAS and also cured with nerve blocks. The necessary cheklist were completed for all patients and the severity, frequency and the interval of headaches were registered and compared in one day, one week and one month after the blocks  and collected data were analyzed by statistical test like independent and Paired t-tests and Anova in SPSS version 21.
The mean severity of headache in patients significantly decreased during the study periods compared to before nerve blocker injection. The most common complications after nerve block in patients were anesthetized with 53%, followed by injection site pain and swelling each with 22.5% and then tachycardia with 19.8%.
Peripheral nerve block in patients with primary headache can reduce the severity of pain in one month after the block nerve injection and in acute phase it can improve symptoms in middle-term.

Increased body mass index (BMI) seems to be a risk factor for migraine attacks. Cinnamon has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of cinnamon on anthropometric indices and headache-related disability of patients with migraine.

This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 50 migraine patients. Patients were randomized to receive either 600 mg cinnamon powder or placebo capsules for two months. Height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured.Furthermore, Minimal or Infrequent Disability (MIDAS) and Headache Daily Result (HDR) Questionnaires were recorded.

At the end of the treatment period, BW and BMI did not change in the intervention group; however, both factors were significantly increased in the placebo group (p=0.001). The change of WC, HDR and MIDAS was significantly different between the intervention and placebo groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, HC and WHR significantly decreased (p=0.001).

Cinnamon seems to have beneficial effects on anthropometric indices and headache disability of migraine patients.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST), a complex and infrequent cerebrovascular disordercharacterized by the formation of clots within the cerebral venous sinuses, occurs as a result of multiple riskfactors and casualties, and its epidemiological picture should be investigated. This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively on patients with a final diagnosis of cerebralvein thrombosis, who were referred to the emergency room of Ghaem Hospital (Mashhad, Iran) between 2009and 2019. The study included all patients with cerebral vein thrombosis who were older than 18 years. Clinicalsymptoms and causes were documented and contrasted according to demographics. During the 10 years of this study, 749 cases of cerebral vein thrombosis were observed, with womenaccounting for the majority (72.8%). The most prevalent symptom was headache (554 cases; 74.0%), followedby seizures (23.1%), blurred vision (16.0%), nausea (7.5%), vomiting (6.9%), double nose (4.9%), and dizziness(3.3%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of symptoms between the two genders (p<0.05). Themost commonly identified risk factors were OCP (110 cases; 14.7%), followed by infection (103 cases; 13.8%),malignancies (78 cases; 10.4%), and fasting (15 cases; 2.0%). There was no significant difference in risk factorsbetween the two genders, with the exception that all cases of fasting were in women, and the differences weresignificant (p=0.015). The most common site of involvement according to Magnetic Resonance Venography(MRV) was the upper sagittal sinus (427 cases; 57.0%). There was no significant difference in terms of the siteof the conflict between the two genders (p<0.05). The findings of the present study showed that deep vein thrombosis occurred mainly in womenand manifested itself mostly as a headache. Moreover, the upper sagittal sinus was the most common site ofinvolvement.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl), which belongs to the Lauraceae family, is a medicinal plant presented in traditional Persian medicine for alleviating headaches. The bark of the cinnamon tree contains cinnamaldehyde as the main volatile constituent. This study aimed to design and prepare a cream-based formulation containing Cinnamon essential oil. Following the preparation and extraction of cinnamon bark essential oil, a Gas chromatography/Mass spectroscopy GC/MS technique was employed to chemically analyze the volatile constituents. Subsequently, the preparation of the cream base and essential oil cream as well as related pharmaceutical evaluations and content determination were carried out. The presence of cinnamaldehyde in the essential oil was confirmed. Afterward, an appropriate formulation was determined, and a semi-solid topical product was prepared. The final product underwent evaluations, including macroscopic and microscopic tests for odor, color, appearance, and phase separation, as well as pH, rheology, centrifugation, microbial limits, and texture analysis. Finally, based on the quantification performed using the Gas chromatography/Flame ionization detector (GC/FID), the amount of cinnamaldehyde in 1 milliliter of the essential oil was calculated as 5310.54±24.72 µg, quantitatively. Regarding the yielded essential oil extracted from the final formulation (50 g cream containing 2.5% of the cinnamon bark essential oil), this amount was 3982.68±116.04 µg. Considering the affirmative responses from clinical trials on the finished product, cinnamon essential oil could be introduced as a herbal topical medicine for the management of headaches and cephalic pain.

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common side effect after spinal anesthesia.

This study aimed to compare the sedative dose of propofol and midazolam in reducing headaches after spinal anesthesia.

In order to conduct this study, 80 candidates for spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups, A and B. Both groups received spinal anesthesia with marcaine. In group A, propofol was infused slowly at a dose of 30 g per minute, and in group B, 1 mg midazolam was injected intravenously. In the two groups, the incidence and intensity of headaches were measured using the VAS pain scale. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and t-tests at a significance level of 0.05.

In this study, 65% (52) were male and 35% (28) were female. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic information (P > 0.05). In the propofol group, the incidence and severity of headaches were significantly lower than in the midazolam group (P < 0.01).

This study’s results indicated that administering low-dose propofol as a sedative during spinal anesthesia may be more effective in reducing PDPH than midazolam.

Sodium valproate is recommended as a first-line drug to prevent migraine attacks, and sodae is an herbal medicine.

Sodium valproate and herbal sodae were compared for effectiveness and side effects.

A two-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial included migraine patients from Kermanshah and Hamadan cities into two groups: Sodae herbal recipients and valproate (200 mg) recipients, for 3 months. A numerical rating scale (NRS) scale was used to measure residual pain at the end of each month of treatment. Also, a researcher-made form and the headache impact test (HIT-6) questionnaire were used. Side effects reported by the patients were collected, and liver function tests and complete blood cell count tests were conducted.

A total of 70 migraine patients were evaluated: 33 patients (47%) in the soda group and 37 patients (53%) in the valproate group. The NRS scores in both groups decreased constantly, with no significant difference (P=0.303). Also, HIT-6 scores were constantly reduced in both groups with no significant difference (P>0.05). More side effects are significantly (P=0.043) reported in the valproate group (54.05%) than in the sodae group (30.30%). The most common side effect in the valproate group was drowsiness (13.5%), while among the sodae group, it was diarrhea (15.1%).

The sodae and valproate did not differ in headache improvement, HIT-6 scores, and changes in laboratory parameters. However, the valproate group reported more side effects than the sodae group. Sodae is a suitable herbal medicine for preventing and controlling migraine attacks.