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جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "high intensity interval training" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

  • امیرحسین جعفری، علی اکبرنژاد قره لو*، فاطمه شبخیز
    زمینه و هدف

    با افزایش سن و اثرات فزاینده ی سارکوپنیا بر عضلات، همراه با هم افزایی آن با چاقی، نقش مایوستاتین به عنوان یک عامل موثر بر آتروفی عضلانی و ارتباطات متقابل بین بافتی پررنگ تر می شود. تمرینات ورزشی می توانند بر این مسیر تاثیرگذار باشند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تاثیر هشت هفته تمرینات مقاومتی و تناوبی با شدت بالا بر قدرت عضلات قدامی اندام تحتانی و مقادیر مایوستاتین در بافت های چربی احشایی، عضله نعلی و سرم در رت های نر مبتلا به چاقی سارکوپنیک بود.

    روش ها

    در این مطالعه تجربی، 40 سر رت نر نژاد ویستار با میانگین سنی 15 ماه و وزن 320 تا 350 گرم بررسی شدند. از این تعداد، 10 سر به عنوان گروه کنترل در نظر گرفته شدند و مابقی به مدت 12 هفته تحت رژیم غذایی پرچرب قرار گرفتند تا دچار چاقی شوند. رت های چاق با شاخص لی (Lee Index) بالاتر از 310 به سه گروه تقسیم شدند: کنترل چاق، تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا، و تمرین مقاومتی. گروه های تمرینی به مدت هشت هفته و در سه جلسه هفتگی تمرینات خود را اجرا کردند. گروه تمرین مقاومتی، تمرینات خود را با وزنه هایی معادل 25٪، 50٪، 75٪ و 100٪ وزن بدن روی نردبان انجام دادند. گروه تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا، تمرینات خود را بر اساس حداکثر سرعت دویدن، با شدت های 85٪ (بالا) و 50٪ (پایین) در تناوب های 2 دقیقه ای روی تردمیل اجرا کردند. 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی، نمونه برداری از عضله نعلی، سرم و بافت چربی احشایی انجام شد.

    یافته ها

    میزان پروتئین مایوستاتین در عضله نعلی، بافت چربی احشایی و سرم بین گروه های کنترل و تمرینات تفاوت معناداری داشت (0/05>P). نتایج آزمون تعقیبی نشان داد که میزان مایوستاتین در گروه کنترل چاق نسبت به گروه های تمرینی و گروه کنترل غیرچاق در هر سه بافت اندازه گیری شده بیشتر بود (0/05>P). هرچند میزان مایوستاتین در گروه تمرین مقاومتی نسبت به تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا کمتر بود، اما این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنادار نبود. هر دو نوع تمرین منجر به کاهش مایوستاتین در مقایسه با گروه کنترل چاق شدند، اما این کاهش به حدی نبود که مقادیر به سطح گروه کنترل غیرچاق نزدیک شود.

    نتیجه گیری

    هر دو نوع تمرینات مقاومتی و تناوبی با شدت بالا، از طریق اعمال فشارهای مکانیکی و متابولیکی متفاوت، موجب کاهش بیان ادیپومایوکاین مایوستاتین در بافت های مختلف می شوند. بر اساس یافته های پژوهش، به نظر می رسد که تمرینات ورزشی، صرف نظر از نوع آن، راهکار موثری برای کاهش سرعت آتروفی عضلانی ناشی از افزایش سن و سارکوپنیای همراه با چاقی هستند.

    کلید واژگان: سالمندی, چاقی, تمرینات مقاومتی, تمرینات تناوبی با شدت بالا, مایوستاتین و چربی احشایی
    Amirhosein Jafari, Ali Akbarnejad Ghare Lou*, Fatemeh Shabkhiz
    Background and Aim

    Aging and the progressive effects of sarcopenia on muscle tissue, coupled with its synergy with obesity, highlight the increasing role of myostatin as a key factor in muscle atrophy and inter-tissue interactions. Physical exercise may influence these pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of eight weeks of resistance training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the strength of the lower limb muscles and myostatin levels in the visceral fat, soleus muscle, and serum of obese, aged male rats.

    Methods

    This experimental study involved 40 male Wistar rats (mean age: 15 months, weight: 320–350 grams). Ten rats were designated as the control group, while the remaining 30 underwent a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Obese rats, with a Lee Index greater than 310, were divided into three groups: obese control, HIIT, and resistance training. The training regimen lasted eight weeks with three weekly sessions. The resistance training group performed exercises with weights corresponding to 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of body weight on a ladder. The HIIT group performed treadmill intervals at 85% (high intensity) and 50% (low intensity) of maximum speed in 2-minute intervals. Forty-eight hours after the final training session, tissue samples from the soleus muscle, serum, and visceral fat were collected.

    Results

    Significant differences in myostatin protein levels in the soleus muscle, visceral fat, and serum were observed between the control and exercise groups (P<0.05). Post-hoc analysis revealed that myostatin levels in the obese control group were significantly higher than those in the exercise and non-obese control groups across all measured tissues (P<0.05). While myostatin levels were lower in the resistance training group compared to the HIIT group, this difference was not statistically significant. Both training modalities reduced myostatin levels relative to the obese control group, although the reduction was not sufficient to bring levels closer to those of the non-obese control group.

    Conclusion

    Both resistance training and high-intensity interval training, through distinct mechanical and metabolic stressors, significantly reduced myostatin expression in various tissues. These findings suggest that physical exercise, regardless of modality, represents an effective approach to mitigate the rate of muscle atrophy associated with aging and sarcopenic obesity.

    Keywords: Aging, Obesity, Resistance Training, High-Intensity Interval Training, Myostatin, Visceral Fat
  • صادق چراغ بیرجندی*، الیاس سنگبری طرقی، علی یعقوبی، مصطفی تیموری خروی
    زمینه و هدف

    اینترلوکین-1 بتا (IL-1β) و پپتید ترشحی مرتبط با فریزلد 5 (SFRP5) به ترتیب از پروتئین های التهابی و ضدالتهابی در بافت چربی محسوب می شوند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تاثیر چاقی و تمرینات ورزشی متعاقب آن بر بیان ژن های التهابی و ضدالتهابی در بافت چربی موش های نر بود.

    روش ها

    در این مطالعه، 30 سر موش نر نژاد ویستار به مدت هشت هفته با رژیم پرچرب (HFD) و 6 سر دیگر با رژیم معمولی (ND) تغذیه شدند. پس از این دوره، 6 سر از موش های چاق و 6 سر از موش های تغذیه شده با رژیم معمولی قربانی شده و مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. سپس، 24 سر از موش های چاق به چهار گروه شش تایی شامل کنترل چاق (OC)، تمرین مقاومتی (RT)، تمرین استقامتی (ET) و تمرین تناوبی شدید (HIIT) تقسیم شده و به مدت 8 هفته، هفته ای پنج جلسه تمرین کردند. بیان ژن های IL-1β  و SFRP5  با روشReal Time-PCR  اندازه گیری شد.

    یافته ها

    بیان ژنIL-1β  در گروه های تمرین مقاومتی، استقامتی و تناوبی شدید در مقایسه با گروه کنترل چاق به طور معناداری کاهش یافت (0/001=P) ، درحالی که بیان این ژن در بافت چربی موش های گروه رژیم پرچرب در مقایسه با رژیم معمولی به طور معناداری افزایش یافت (0/001=P). همچنین، بیان ژن SFRP5  در گروه های تمرین مقاومتی، استقامتی و تناوبی شدید در مقایسه با گروه کنترل چاق به طور معناداری افزایش یافت  (001/0=P) ، اما در گروه رژیم پرچرب در مقایسه با رژیم معمولی به طور معناداری کاهش یافت (0/001=P). بااین حال، بین گروه های تمرینی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد (0/05<P).

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تمرینات تناوبی شدید، استقامتی و مقاومتی با کاهش بیان ژن IL-1β و افزایش بیان ژن SFRP5، سبب کاهش عوامل پیش التهابی و افزایش عوامل ضدالتهابی در بافت چربی می شوند. بنابراین، این تمرینات می توانند راهکاری موثر در کاهش اختلالات مرتبط با چاقی و اضافه وزن باشند.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین تناوبی شدید, تمرین مقاومتی, تمرین استقامتی, چاقی, اینترلوکین 1 بتا, پپتید 5 ترشحی مرتبط با فریزلد
    Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi*, Eyas Sangbari Toroghi, Ali Yaghoubi, Mostafa Teymuri Kheravi
    Background and Aim

    Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 5 (SFRP5) are respectively inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins in adipose tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of obesity and subsequent exercise on the expression of these inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in the adipose tissue of male rats.

    Methods

    In this study, 30 male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, while six others were fed a normal diet (ND). After this period, six obese rats and six normal diet rats were sacrificed for comparison. Then, 24 obese rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=6 per group): obese control (OC), resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The rats underwent 8 weeks of exercise training, 5 sessions per week. Gene expression of IL-1β and SFRP5 was measured using Real-Time PCR.

    Results

    IL-1β gene expression significantly decreased in the RT, ET, and HIIT groups compared to the obese control group (P<0.001). Additionally, IL-1β expression was significantly higher in the adipose tissue of rats fed the high-fat diet compared to those on a normal diet (P<0.001). Furthermore, SFRP5 gene expression was significantly higher in the RT, ET, and HIIT groups compared to the obese control group (P<0.001), while it significantly decreased in the high-fat diet group compared to the normal diet group (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the exercise groups (P>0.05).

    Conclusion

    The findings suggest that HIIT, endurance, and resistance training significantly reduce the expression of the pro-inflammatory gene IL-1β and increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene SFRP5 in adipose tissue. These exercise modalities may thus offer an effective strategy to mitigate obesity-related disorders.

    Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, Resistance Training, Endurance Training, Obesity, Interleukin 1 Beta, Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5
  • Zahra Eslami, Ayda Fallah, Abdorreza Eghbal Moghanlou, Giyasettin Baydaş, Shohreh Sharifian, Seyed Javad Mirghani *

    Obesity, caused by an inequality between energy production and consumption, is characterized by lipid accumulation in adipose tissues. Currently, around 650 million adults and roughly 340 million children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) are affected by obesity. This condition tends to be more common among women and older populations. It is imperative to develop uncomplicated therapeutic approaches to prevent obesity-related metabolic diseases in conjunction with lifestyle modifications. Forty-three rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1. normal diet (ND), 2. High-fat diet (HFD), 3. HFD + adenosine, 4. HFD + High-intensity interval training (HIIT) + adenosine, and 5. HFD + HIIT. Gene expression of CGI-58, HSL, and AMPK in subcutaneous adipose tissues and serum level of glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), free fatty acid (FFA), and lipid profile (Triglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)) were assessed. The rats were fed HFD-induced obesity for 13 weeks. Following, adenosine 0.2 mg/ml/kg and 0.4 mg/ml/kg, as well as HIIT, were administered over 12 weeks. CGI-58, HSL and AMPK gene expression showed significant expression in all groups. HFD+HIIT+adenosine, HFD+adenosine, and HFD+HIIT groups significantly increased all genes. Conversely, FFA and glucose serum levels were significantly reduced in intervention groups. Insulin had higher serum levels in ND, HFD + adenosine, and HFD+HIIT groups, and adenosine caused decreased glucose. Also, favorable effects of HIIT and adenosine on lipid profile were observed. HIIT and adenosine can affect lipid metabolism, improve insulin resistance, and increase lipolysis in adipose tissue. Furthermore, adenosine can boost the effect of HIIT on gene expression, triggering lipolysis to prevent obesity.

    Keywords: High-Fat Diet, High Intensity Interval Training, Adipose Tissue, Adenosine, Lipid
  • محمدرضا طیبی، امیر تقی پور اسرمی*، سقا فرج تبار بهرستاق، علی پورمحک، حمید یونسی
    مقدمه

    چاقی با کاهش آنتی اکسیدان ها و افزایش التهاب همراه است و کمبود ویتامینD این فرایند را تسریع می نماید. بر اساس شواهد ویتامین D و فعالیت ورزشی دارای اثرات ضد التهابی و ضد اکسایشی هستند. لذا در مطالعه حاضر تاثیر 8 هفته دویدن تناوبی شدید با و بدون مصرف ویتامین D بر سطوح ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی تام و ائوتاکسین-1 در زنان دارای اضافه وزن با کمبود ویتامین D بررسی گردید.

    روش کار

    این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی روی 52 زن دارای اضافه وزن و کمبود ویتامین D انجام شد. آزمودنی ها در ابتدا پس از انتخاب به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس، به طور تصادفی به سه گروه کنترل، تمرین و تمرین+ویتامین D (ترکیبی) تقسیم شدند. برنامه تمرینی شامل6-12 وهله 1 دقیقه ای دویدن در شدت 80-90٪ ضربان قلب حداکثر با یک دقیقه ریکاوری فعال بود. آزمودنی های گروه ترکیبی، یک کپسول ویتامین D (50000 واحد) در هفته مصرف نمودند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آنوا یک راهه با اندازه گیری های مکرر، آنوا یک راهه، کروسکال والیس تحلیل شدند (05/0>P).

    نتایج

    سطوح ائوتاکسین-1 در گروه های تمرین و ترکیبی بعد از 8 هفته کاهش و مقادیر TAC افزایش معناداری یافت. اما تغییرات ائوتاکسین-1 و TAC در گروه ترکیبی در مقایسه با گروه تمرین به طور معناداری بیشتر بود (05/0<p).

    نتیجه گیری

    به نظر می رسد دویدن تناوبی شدید با و بدون مصرف ویتامین D می تواند به افزایش سلامتی افراد دارای اضافه وزنی با کمبود ویتامین D، تا حدی از طریق افزایش وضعیت آنتی اکسیدانی و کاهش عامل خطرزای سلامتی ائوتاکسین-1، کمک نماید و مداخله ترکیبی با تقویت این اثرات همراه می باشد.

    کلید واژگان: ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی, تمرین تناوبی شدید, ائوتاکسین-1, ویتامین D, زنان دارای اضافه وزن
    Mohammadreza Tayyebi, Amir Taghipour Asrami *, Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq, Ali Pourmahak, Hamid Younesi
    Introduction

    Obesity is associated with a decrease in antioxidants and an increase in inflammation, and vitamin D deficiency accelerates this process. New evidence has shown that vitamin D and exercise have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of 8 weeks of intensive intermittent running with and without vitamin D consumption on the levels of total antioxidant capacity and eotaxin-1 in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency was investigated.

    Materials and methods

    In this clinical trial study, 52 overweight women with vitamin D deficiency, after being selected by available sampling method, were randomly divided into three groups: control, exercise, exercise+vitamin (combined). The HIIRT was performed with the 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with 1-min active recovery at 50% HRmax in between bouts for 8 weeks and 3 times a week. Combined groups took vitamin D (50,000 IU) once a week. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P<0.05).

    Results

    After 8 weeks, eotaxin-1 levels decreased and TAC values increased significantly in the exercise, and combined groups. However, the changes of eotaxin-1 and TAC levels in the combined intervention group were significantly higher in comparison with the exercise group (p<0.05).

    Conclusion

    It seems that HIIRT with and without vitamin D intake can help increase health in people with vitamin D deficiency, partly by increasing the antioxidant status and reducing eotaxin-1, and combined intervention is associated with the strengthening of these effects.

    Keywords: Antioxidant Capacity, High-Intensity Interval Training, Eotaxin-1, Vitamin D, Overweight Women
  • امید ظفرمند*، خدیجه ملایی، اسماء طاهری، مهدی مقرنسی، محسن ثالثی
    زمینه و هدف

    بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی، یک سندرم بالینی و پاتولوژیک می باشد که با افزایش سطوح سرمی آنزیم های کبدی همراه است. تمرین تناوبی شدید، به طور بالقوه می تواند در کاهش چربی کبد موثر باشد. هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی تاثیر تمرینات تناوبی شدید (HIIT) بر سطوح سرمی آنزیم های کبدی و ترکیب بدنی در بیماران مبتلا به کبد چرب غیرالکلی بود.

    مواد و روش ها

    جستجوی نظام مند مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی منتشر شده از پایگاه های اطلاعاتیPubMed ،Web of Science ، Scopus، Sid و Magiran تا ژانویه سال 2024 انجام شد. تفاوت میانگین و فاصله اطمینان 95 درصد (CI) با استفاده از مدل اثر تصادفی محاسبه شد. ناهمگونی با استفاده از آزمون (I2) و سوگیری انتشار با تحلیل بصری فونل پلات و آزمون Egger بررسی شدند.

    یافته ها

    در مجموع 10 مطالعه و 227 آزمودنی در بیماران مبتلا به کبد چرب غیرالکلی فراتحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات تناوبی شدید سبب کاهش معنادار ALT]001/0P=،(47/1- الی 94/0-) 91/1- = [WMD، AST]001/0P= ،(07/1- الی 52/0-) 79/0- = [WMD، ALP]001/0P=،(96/1- الی 78/0-) 37/1- = [WMD، درصد چربی بدن]002/0P=،(94/0- الی 21/0-) 57/0- =[WMD،BMI  ]001/0P=،(93/0- الی 42/0-) 67/0- = [WMDو Whr]001/0P= ،(13/1- الی 40/0-) 77/0- = [WMD نسبت به گروه کنترل در بیماران کبد چرب غیرالکلی شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج نشان می دهد که تمرینات تناوبی شدید با اثرگذاری موثر بر ALT، AST، ALP و همچنین ترکیب بدن می تواند انتخاب مناسبی برای بیماران مبتلا به کبد چرب غیرالکلی باشد. پیشنهاد می شود که بیماران مبتلا به کبد چرب غیرالکلی از این نوع تمرین برای بهبود آنزیم های کبدی استفاده کنند.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین تناوبی شدید, آنزیم های کبدی, ترکیب بدن, کبد چرب غیرالکلی
    Omid Zafarmand *, Khadijeh Molaei, Asmah Taheri, Mehdi Mogharnasi, Mohsen Salesi
    Introduction

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical and pathological syndrome associated with increased serum levels of liver enzymes. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has the potential to effectively reduce liver fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intense intermittent exercise on serum levels of liver enzymes and body composition in patients with NAFLD.

    Materials and Methods

    A systematic search of English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, and Magiran databases was conducted until January 2024. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² test, and publication bias was assessed through visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test.

    Results

    The results showed that intense interval training caused a significant decrease in ALT [SMD = -1.91 (-1.47 to -0.94), P = 0.001], AST [SMD = -0.79 (-1.07 to -0.52), P = 0.001], and ALP [SMD = -1.37 (-1.96 to -0.78), P = 0.001]. Additionally, body fat percentage [SMD = -0.57 (-0.94 to -0.21), P = 0.002], BMI [SMD = -0.67 (-0.93 to -0.42), P = 0.001], and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) [SMD = -0.77 (-1.13 to -0.40), P = 0.001] were significantly improved in patients with NAFLD compared to the control group.

    Conclusion

    The results indicate that high-intensity interval training has beneficial effects on ALT, AST, ALP, and body composition, making it a viable option for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is recommended that patients with NAFLD incorporate this type of exercise to improve liver enzyme levels.

    Keywords: High Intensity Interval Training, Liver Enzymes, Body Composition, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
  • Ali Jalali Dehkordi, Akbar Azamian Jazi *, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi
    Introduction
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a marked reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibronectin 1 (Fn1). This study investigates the effects of fisetin supplementation combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on these neurogenesis markers in an aged mouse model of AD. 
    Methods
    In this experimental study, 30 aged C57BL/6 mice (weight: 30 g) with AD were randomly assigned to one of the five groups: (1) Control, (2) AD, (3) AD + Fisetin, (4) AD + HIIT, and (5) AD + HIIT + Fisetin. Alzheimer's disease was induced in the AD groups by injecting amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) into the hippocampus. The HIIT protocol consisted of a 10-minute warm-up at 50-55% VO2 max, followed by seven intervals, each comprising 4 minutes at 80-90% VO2 max and 3 minutes at 65-75% VO2 max. Fisetin was administered at 20 mg/kg for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. 
    Results
    Significant differences were observed in BDNF, Fn1, and Aβ gene expression levels across the five groups of aged mice (p < 0.001). BDNF and Fn1 expression were significantly reduced in the AD groups compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.001). However, their expression levels increased significantly in the AD + Training + Fisetin, AD + Training, and AD + Fisetin groups compared to the AD-only group (p < 0.001). The AD + Training + Fisetin group exhibited the highest expression levels, followed by the AD + Training and AD + Fisetin groups (p < 0.001). Aβ expression was significantly reduced in all intervention groups, with the AD + Training + Fisetin group showing the most substantial decrease (p < 0.001). 
    Conclusion
    Combining HIIT and fisetin supplementation may promote cerebral neurogenesis in AD by reducing Aβ levels and enhancing BDNF and Fn1 gene expression. Notably, the combined intervention of HIIT and fisetin exhibits a more significant effect than either HIIT or fisetin alone, with HIIT being more effective than fisetin as a standalone treatment. Thus, the combination of HIIT and fisetin appears to be the most effective complementary approach for managing this disease.
    Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, BDNF, Fn1, Fisetin, Alzheimer's Disease
  • Amir Hosinzadeh, Bahram Abedi*, Lida Moradi
    Introduction and aim

    Diazinon is an organophosphorus insecticide that causes oxidative stress. However, physical activity and consumption of antioxidants improve the antioxidant status of the body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high- intensity interval training with silymarin extract on MDA and SOD indices of heart and lung endothelial tissues in male rats exposed to diazinon.

    Methods

    In this experimental study, 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats with a weight range of 150 to 200 grams and an average age of 8 weeks were randomly assigned to 1) control (C), 2) sham (Sh) 3) diazinon. (D) 4) silymarin extract (SL), 5) high- intensity interval training (TH) and 6) high- intensity interval training with silymarin extract (TH+SL) were divided. During 8 weeks, rats in groups 3 to 6 received diazinon 1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally five days a week. Groups 5 and 6 performed HIIT exercises five times a week, and groups 4 and 6 received 50 mg/kg silymarin extract intraperitoneally five days a week. high- intensity interval training with an intensity of 85% to 110% VO2max and a speed of 15-45 m/min was performed for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression were measured in heart and lung endothelial tissues. To analyze the findings, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance along with Tukey's post hoc test were used in SPSS version 22 software. Also, (P≤0.05) was considered as a significant level.

    Findings

    Diazinon had a significant effect on the increase of MDA and decrease of SOD in heart and lung endothelial tissues (P<0.05). However, HIIT exercise and consumption of silymarin each alone lead to a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in SOD in heart tissues. and lung endothelial of the poisoned mice (P<0.05). Meanwhile, both HIIT exercise interventions with silymarin had a greater effect on reducing MDA and increasing SOD in heart and lung endothelial tissues of rats exposed to diazinon (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    It seems that regular HIIT exercises and consumption of silymarin each alone and the interaction of the two together can cause a decrease in oxidative indices and an increase in antioxidants in heart and lung endothelial tissues caused by diazinon poisoning.

    Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, High- Intensity Interval Training, Silymarin, Diazinon
  • Nader Hamedchaman, Amir Maleki, Zahra Kahe, Masoumeh Hosseini, Ali Delpisheh
    Background

    Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is widely used in clinical practice for various ailments. However, its use is associated with detrimental effects on the liver, including inflammation and oxidative stress. Selenium, an essential trace element, may serve as an effective ergogenic aid by enhancing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve liver health.

    Objectives

    The current study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of selenium supplementation and HIIT on dexamethasone-induced liver inflammation in rats.

    Methods

    Forty male Wistar rats (aged 6 - 8 weeks, 150 - 190 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8 per group): (1) Normal control (NC), (2) dexamethasone control (DC), (3) dexamethasone + high-intensity interval training + saline (DT), (4) dexamethasone + selenium supplement (DS), and (5) dexamethasone + selenium supplement + high-intensity interval training (DST). The training groups performed HIIT at a velocity of 24 - 34 m/min (~85% - 100% VO 2max ) for four weeks (5 days/week). Supplement groups received 100 mg of selenium (on odd days) via oral gavage. Inflammatory induction was achieved through subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg for 3 days). Gene expression levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-1β) in liver tissue were determined using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests (P < 0.05).

    Results

    Four weeks of dexamethasone supplementation significantly downregulated the inflammatory markers IL-4 (P = 0.077) and IL-1β (P = 0.029). Subsequently, HIIT and selenium supplementation were associated with significant modulation of IL-4 and IL-1β (P < 0.05). According to the Bonferroni results, HIIT combined with selenium supplementation had the greatest impact on the modulation of inflammatory markers in liver tissue.

    Conclusions

    These findings suggest that selenium supplementation combined with HIIT can effectively improve inflammatory conditions in individuals suffering from liver metaflammation.

    Keywords: High Intensity Interval Training, Selenium, NAFLD
  • صادق خادمی، عباس صالحی کیا، امید محمددوست*، محمدعلی میرشکار
    هدف

    هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثر شش هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید (HIIT) بر سطوح سرمی پارامترهای استرس اکسیداتیو (مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) و کاتالاز (CAT)) ورزشکاران رشته دوومیدانی شهر یاسوج بود.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این پژوهش نیمه تجربی، جامعه آماری ورزشکاران مرد رشته دوومیدانی شهر یاسوج به جز ورزشکاران ماده استقامتی بودند؛ که از این میان 30 نفر از دوندگان ماده های سرعتی، پرتابی و پرش کنندگان در دامنه سنی 32-22 سال به عنوان نمونه آماری، به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و در 2 گروه 15 نفری (تمرینHIIT و کنترل) به صورت تصادفی تقسیم شدند. پروتکل تمرینHIIT با شدت 90 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه برای مدت 6 هفته (3 جلسه در هفته) اجرا شد. نمونه گیری خونی قبل و بعد از تمرین از آزمودنی ها انجام و از کیت های اندازه گیری میزان مالون دی آلدئید، سوپراکسیددسموتاز و کاتالاز استفاده گردید. به منظور تعیین تغییرات درون گروهی از آزمون t همبسته و برای مقایسه بین گروهی از آزمون کوواریانس در سطح معنی داری p<0/05 استفاده شد (p<0/05). اطلاعات حاصله با SPSS-25 تحلیل شدند.

    نتایج

    یافته ها نشان داد که سطوح سرمی مالون دی آلدئید، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و کاتالاز در گروه تمرین پس از شش هفته تمرینHIIT، تفاوت معنی داری نسبت به پیش آزمون دارد (p=0/00). همچنین مقادیر سرمی این متغییرها در پس آزمون بین گروه تمرین و گروه کنترل، اختلاف معنی داری داشت (p=0/01).

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که جهت کاهش فشارهای اکسایشی و بهبود ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی، می توان از تمرین HIIT در برنامه تمرینی ورزشکاران رشته دوومیدانی بهره برد.

    کلید واژگان: تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا, مالون دی آلدئید, سوپراکسیددیسموتاز, کاتالاز, ورزشکاران دوومیدانی
    Sadegh Khademi, Aabas Salehikia, Omid Mohammaddoost *, Mohammadali Mirshekar
    Objective

    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the serum levels of oxidative stress parameters(malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase) of athletics athletes in Yasouj city

    Materials and Methods

    In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was male track and field athletes in Yasuj, excluding female endurance athletes; among them, 30 female sprinters, throwers, and jumpers in the age range of 22-32 years were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 (HIIT training and control).HIIT training protocol was performed at an intensity of 90% of maximum heart rate for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week). Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after training and kits were used to measure malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Paired t-test was used to determine intra-group changes, and covariance test was used to compare between groups at a significance level of p<0.05 (p<0.05). The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS-25.

    Results

    The findings showed that serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the training group after six weeks of HIIT training were significantly different from the pre-test (p=0.00). Also, serum levels of these variables were significantly different between the training group and the control group at the post-test (p=0.01).

    Conclusion

    The results of this study showed that in order to reduce oxidative stress and improve the antioxidant capacity of runners, HIIT exercises can be used in runners' training program.

    Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Track, Field Athletes
  • Sen Lin, Yuzhi Hu, Shuqiao Ding, Yazhe Hu *
    Objective (s)

    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-conditioning exercise on body lipid metabolism, leptin secretion, and the downstream pathways at the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    Materials and Methods

    The T2DM model was established using an 8-week high-sugar, high-fat diet combined. The T2DM model was established using an 8-week high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with streptozocin (STZ) injection. Two exercise interventions, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) were performed during the model-building process. One week following the STZ injection, rats were euthanized. Blood, gastrocnemius muscle, and epididymal fat pad were collected. Plasma leptin content was measured by ELISA. The expression of leptin-mRNA in epididymal adipose tissue was measured using RT-qPCR, and its protein expression was detected by a western blot. Leptin, leptin-R, and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) - ACC (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase) expression in gastrocnemius muscle was also detected by western blot. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) contents in gastrocnemius muscle were measured using a biochemical assay.

    Results

    In the HIIT group, glucose tolerance and leptin receptor expression increased, as did the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK protein. At the early stage of T2DM, it increased significantly in the gastrocnemius muscle in the MICT group.

    Conclusion

    At the early stage of T2DM, pre-conditioning exercise in the form of HIIT was found to inhibit the leptin-mRNA expression in adipose tissue, suppress leptin synthesis, up-regulate AMPK-ACC signaling pathway, and promote lipid decomposition in skeletal muscle tissue. Pre-conditioning of MICT led to the accumulation of FFA and TG in skeletal muscle, likely due to exercise adaptation rather than ectopic deposition of lipids.

    Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, High-Intensity Interval Training, Leptin, Lipid Metabolism, Sports Medicine
  • Rahmatullah Khanmohammadi, Mohamadali Azarbayjani, Maghsoud Peeri, Layasadat Khorsandi *
    Background

    Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to negatively impact the function and structure of the heart in several studies. This experimental study examined the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and crocin (Cr) on Dox-induced apoptosis in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats.

    Methods

    Fifty healthy male Wistar rats (8 weeks, 200–220 g) were utilized in this study. The groups under investigation included Dox (2 mg/kg), Dox + HIIT (5 days/week for 8 weeks), Dox + Cr (10 mg/kg), and Dox + Cr + HIIT. HIIT involved 1 hour of running at 40%–60% of maximum speed, 5 days per week. Apoptosis and histological changes were assessed in the heart tissue of the rats.

    Results

    Dox significantly increased the expression of Bax while decreasing Bcl-2 expression levels in the cardiac tissue of animals (P < 0.01). The combination of HIIT and Cr reduced the heart injury score, TUNEL-positive cells, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in Dox-treated rats compared with HIIT or Cr alone.

    Conclusions

    Cr and HIIT, either individually or combined, demonstrated potential in suppressing Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through the attenuation of apoptosis and histological injury. 

    Keywords: Cardiotoxicity, High-Intensity Interval Training, Crocin, Apoptosis
  • مهدی مارزلو، ندا آقایی بهمن بگلو*، حامد علیزاده پهلوانی، حبیب اصغرپور
    مقدمه

    با افزایش سن افراد، خطر ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی عروقی به طور قابل توجهی افزایش می یابد. امروزه تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا (HIIT) به عنوان یک روش فعالیت ورزشی برای بهبود بیماری قلبی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بنابراین هدف از تحقیق حاضر تاثیر هشت هفته HIIT بر محتوای پروتئین های PINK1 و PARKIN در بطن چپ رت های پیر می باشد.

    روش بررسی

    پژوهش حاضر از نوع تجربی است، که با 12 سر رت نر 20 ماهه با میانگین وزنی 30 ±400 گرم انجام شد. رت ها به طور تصادفی به دو گروه HIIT و کنترل (هر گروه 6 سر) تقسیم شدند. برنامه HIIT با دوره های پرشدت 95-85 درصد سرعت بیشینه (متر بر دقیقه) و دوره های استراحت فعال با شدت 55-40 درصد سرعت بیشینه (متر بر دقیقه) برای هر جلسه در هفته بود. پس از 48 ساعت از آخرین جلسه تمرین، رت ها تحت تزریق کتامین و زایلازین بی هوش شدند و بطن چپ قلب برداشته شد و از طریق روش آزمایشگاهی وسترن بلات متغییرها اندازه گیری شدند. داده ها از طریق آزمون آماری شاپیرو- ویلک و t- مستقل در نرم افزار SPSS version 16 و تحلیل شدند. سطح معناداری 0/05≥P در نظر گرفته شد.

    نتایج

    هشت هفته HIIT سبب افزایش معنی دار پروتئین هایPINK1  (0/02 < p) و PARKIN  (0/004 < p) نسبت به گروه کنترل در بطن چپ رت های پیر شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    به نظر می رسد HIIT قابلیت کنترل کیفیت میتوکندری در بطن چپ قلب رت های پیر را دارد که می تواند برای بخش سلامت در نظر گفته شود..

    کلید واژگان: تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا, بطن چپ, پروتئین PARKIN, پروتئین PINK1
    Mahdi Marezloo, Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou*, Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani, Habib Asgharpour
    Introduction

    As individual grow older, the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases increases significantly. Currently, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is regarded as a strategy for exercise to improve heart disease. Consequently, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of eight weeks of HIIT on the levels of PINK1 and PARKIN proteins in the left ventricle of aged rats.

    Methods

    The present research was of an experimental type and involved twelve male rats, each 20 months old, with an average weight of 400 ± 30 grams. The rats were randomly divided into HIIT and control groups (each group had 6 rats).
    The HIIT program consisted of high-intensity bouts of 85-95% of maximum speed (m/min) and active rest periods with an intensity of 40-55% of maximum speed (m/min) during each weekly session. Following a 48-hour period post the most recent training session, the rats were subjected to anaesthesia through the administration of Ketamine and Xylazine.  Subsequently, the left ventricle of the heart was excised, and the various parameters were measured utilizing the western blot laboratory technique. Data were analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t-test conducted within SPSS16. A significance threshold of P≥0.05 was considered for this analysis.

    Results

    Eight weeks of HIIT caused a significant increase in PINK1 (P=0.02) and PARKIN (P=0.004) protein levels in the left ventricle of aged rats, in comparison to the control group.

    Conclusion

    It seems that HIIT may influence the quality of mitochondria within the left ventricle of the hearts of aged rats, indicating potential implications for health-related applications.

    Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, Left Ventricle, PARKIN Protein, PINK1 Protein
  • Safar Zarei, Farzaneh Taghian *, Gholamreza Sharifi, Hassanali Abedi
    Objective
    Myocardial ischemia (MI) and circulatory arrest are associated with unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of proanthocyanidins (PC) and regular exercise with various intensity training protocols (low, moderate, and high) on cardiac protection in a rat model of MI induced by isoproterenol.
    Materials and Methods
    Based on bioinformatics, a pool of microRNAs and mRNAs was assessed according to significant differential expression in MI condition. Further, the networks of hub genes and mRNA-microRNAs were constructed. After 14 weeks of low, moderate, and high-intensity interval training and oral administration of 300 mg/kg of PC, MI was established in the rats by injecting isoproterenol. The real-time qPCR assessed the relative expressions.
    Results
    Based on the in-silico analysis, Fn1 (fibronectin-1) and Myh7 (myosin heavy chain 7) are potentially druggable cut points to reduce cardiac tissue damage. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and consumption of PC modified the relative expression of Myh6 (myosin heavy chain 6), Myh7, and Nf1. Moreover, High-intensity interval  training and PC regulated the mir92a-3p, mir181a-5p, mir29a-3p, and mir133a-3p.
    Conclusion
    Here, the data indicated that the HIIT protocol could have an effective strategy compared to low-intensity interval training (LIIT) and moderate-intensity interval training protocols (MIIT). Furthermore, HIIT and PC might have protective effects on the MI condition.
    Keywords: Proanthocyanidins, High-Intensity Interval Training, Myocardial Ischemia, Mrna, Micrornas
  • Mohamadreza Kordi *, Nooshin Khademi, Amir Mohammad Zobeydi, Samane Torabi, Esmaeil Mahmoodifar, Abbasali Gaeini, Siroos Choobineh, Parisa Pournemati
    Objective(s)

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public concern and one of the primary types of dementia characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline. Although the properties of exercise training and cannabidiol (CBD) treatments for improving AD have recently been revealed, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, this study highlights the interactive impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and CBD administration on improving cognitive impairment in a rat model of amyloid beta (Aꞵ)-induced AD through modulating the expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE), presenilin-1, and glutamate proteins. 

    Materials and Methods

    After acclimatization, the animals were randomly assigned into seven subgroups: control (CNT), Sham, Alzheimer (AL), Alzheimer + HIIT (AL + HIIT), Alzheimer + cannabidiol (AL + CBD), Alzheimer + CBD + HIIT (AL + CBD + HIIT), and model (sacrificed ten days after surgery to confirm the induction of AD) groups. To induce AD, rats received an intrahippocampal injection of Aꞵ. The animals in exercise groups performed the HIIT protocol, and the rats in CBD groups were administered 20 mg/kg CBD suspended in sesame oil for six weeks. Following the experimental protocol, serum and hippocampus tissue were collected for histopathological and western blot analysis. 

    Results

    Our findings indicated that both HIIT and CBD treatments were efficacious in ameliorating Aꞵ deposition and modulating biomarkers of AD, including APOE, presenilin-1, and glutamate. However, the interactive effect of HIIT and CBD supplementation was more effective. 

    Conclusion

    Our findings demonstrated the positive therapeutic effect of HIIT and CBD interventions, particularly HIIT combined with CBD, on alleviating AD.

    Keywords: Alzheimer’S Disease, Apolipoprotein E, Cannabidiol, Cognitive Impairment, Glutamate, High-Intensity Interval - Training, Presenilin-1
  • یونس همتی اردلی، ماندانا غلامی*، فرشاد غزالیان، شهرام سهیلی
    مقدمه و هدف

    برهم خوردن تنظیم سطوح آدیپوکاین ها در پاتوژنز دیابت نوع2 نقش مهمی دارد. باوجود این، تمرینات ورزشی بواسطه تعدیل سطوح آدیپوکاین ها می تواند در بهبود کنترل گلیسمیک در بیماران دیابتی نوع2 موثر باشد. در مطالعه حاضر، تاثیر 12 هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید (HIIT) و تداومی با شدت متوسط (MICT) بر سطوح سرمی پروگرانولین و MCP-1 در زنان دیابتی نوع 2 بررسی شد.

    مواد و روش ها

    تعداد 36 زن دیابتی نوع2 واجد شرایط و داوطلب در سه گروه کنترل، HIIT و MICT به صورت تصادفی تقسیم شدند. پروتکل HIIT (90 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه) و MICT (60 تا 70 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه) هر دو به مدت 12 هفته روی نوارگردان اجرا شدند. نمونه های خونی در مراحل پیش آزمون و پس آزمون جمع آوری شدند. تغییرات بین گروهی با آزمون آنالیز کوواریانس تعیین شد و سطح معناداری 05/0>p بود.

    نتایج

    نتایج حاضر نشان داد که HIIT (001/0>p) و MICT (014/0=p) هر دو به کاهش معنادار سطوح سرمی MCP-1 منجر شده اند. باوجود این، کاهش پروگرانولین نسبت به گروه کنترل تنها در گروه HIIT مشاهده شد (001/0>p) و MICT تاثیر معناداری بر سطوح پروگرانولین نداشت (077/0=p). کاهش درصد چربی بدن و مقاومت به انسولین نیز با هر دو پروتکل HIIT و MICT در مقایسه با گروه کنترل معنادار بود (001/0>P).

    نتیجه گیری

    تمرینات HIIT و MICT هر دو در تعدیل آدیپوکاین ها در بیماران دیابتی نوع2 موثر هستند. باوجود این، تاثیرگذاری HIIT در مقایسه با MICT از جمله در کاهش سطوح پروگرانولین بیشتر بود که اهمیت توجه بیشتر به HIIT در مدیریت دیابت نوع2 را نشان می دهد.

    کلید واژگان: دیابت نوع2, عامل جاذب شیمیایی مونوسیت1, پروگرانولین, تمرین تناوبی شدید, تمرین تداومی با شدت متوسط
    Yones Hemati Ardali, Mandana Gholami *, Farshad Ghazalian, Shahram Soheili
    Background and Objective

    Adipokines dysregulation plays important role in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. However, exercise training can be effective in improving the glycemic control in T2D patients by modulating the adipokines levels. In the present research, the effects of 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the serum levels of progranulin and MCP-1 in type2 diabetic women have been investigated.

    Materials and Methods

    36 qualified and volunteer women with T2D were randomly assigned in the three groups including control, MICT and HIIT groups. Both HIIT (90 percent of maximum heart rate) and MICT (60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate) protocols were conducted on treadmill for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in pre and post-test stages. Between groups difference were determined by analysis of covariance test and significant level was P<0.05.

    Results

    The present study findings indicated that both HIIT (p<0.001) and MICT (p=0.014) protocols cause significant decrease in the MCP-1 levels. However, the progranulin reduction compared to the control group was significant only in the HIIT group (p<0.001) and MICT does not have significant effect on the progranulin levels (p=0.077). Decrease in body fat percentage and insulin resistance was also significant for both HIIT and MICT protocols compared to the control group (p<0.001).

    Conclusion

    Both HIIT and MICT exercise trainings are effective for modulating the adipokines levels in the T2D patients. However, the effectiveness of HIIT was greater for reduction of progranulin levels compared to the MICT group, which indicates the importance of paying more attention to HIIT in the management of T2D.

    Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Progranulin, High Intensity Interval Training, Moderate Intensity Continuous Training
  • مریم مختاری، سید رضا عطارزاده حسینی*، ناهید بیژه، محمد مسافری ضیاءالدینی
    زمینه و هدف

    بیماری کبد چرب شایعترین علت بیماری های مزمن کبدی در جهان است که می تواند باعث بروز بیماری های قلبی- عروقی شود، از این رو این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر یک دوره تمرین تناوبی شدید و تزریق هورمون رشد بر PGC1α میتوکندریایی قلبی و برخی شاخص‎های استرس اکسیداتیو موش‎های سوری مبتلا به آسیب کبدی، انجام پذیرفت.

    روش بررسی

    پژوهش حاضر از نوع بنیادی و به روش تجربی-آزمایش بنیان است. شروع پژوهش تا جمع آوری داده ها، از شهریور 1401 تا اسفند 1401 در آزمایشگاه تخصصی تربیت بدنی دانشگاه فردسی مشهد به طول انجامید. تعداد 21 سر موش به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه هفت تایی، کنترل (c)، تمرین (HIIT) و تمرین+ هورمون رشد    (H-GH) تقسیم شدند. تمرین تناوبی شدید و تزریق هورمون رشد طبق پروتکل انجام گرفت. شاخص هایی نظیر PGC1a،SOD ، MDA، مقاومت به انسولین، نسبت ALT/AST و LDL/HDL مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. جهت ارزیابی داده ها از آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس و آزمون تعقیبی توکی (Tukey post hoc) استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    مقادیر PGC1a و SOD در هر دو گروه در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش معناداری داشت. اما مقادیر MDA در هر دو گروه در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش معناداری داشت. کاهش مقاومت به انسولین تنها در گروه HIIT نسبت به گروه کنترل معنا‎دار بود. نسبت ALT/AST در هر دو گروه در مقایسه با گروه کنترل کاهش معنا‎داری داشت. نسب LDL/HDL (Lipid profile ratio) تنها در گروه HIIT کاهش معنا‎دار داشت.

    نتیجه گیری

    تمرین تناوبی شدید توانست پاسخ بهینه‎تری در مقایسه با پپتید GH در بهبود شاخص‎های مرتبط با NAFLD ایجاد کند. تزریق این هورمون به تنهایی ممکن است تبعات نامطلوبی بر برخی شاخص های این ناهنجاری داشته باشد.

    کلید واژگان: آنزیم‎ ها, هورمون رشد, تمرینات تناوبی با شدت بالا, پروتیین های مرتبط با قطرات لیپید, استرس اکسیداتیو, گیرنده فعال شده با تکثیر کننده پراکسی زوم گاما کواکتیواتور 1-آلفا (پروتیین PPARGC1A), سوپراکسید دیسموتاز-1
    Maryam Mokhtari, Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini*, Nahid Bijeh, Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
    Background

    Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases in the world, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, so this research aims to scrutiny a period of intense intermittent sports activity and growth hormone perfuse on cardiac mitochondrial PGC1α and some indicators of oxidative stress in mice with liver damage.

    Methods

    The present research was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 in the specialized physical training laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The statistical population was twenty one adult male Syrian mice with an average weight of twenty three grams. The sports activity protocol was adopted for fifty-six days using the special video recorder for rodents. The intense interval training program was carried out in the form of ten one-minute repetitions and two-minute active rest, so that the total daily training time for each person was thirty minutes.The vaccination protocol includes the daily vaccination of somatropin injected intraperitoneally.

    Results

    The PGC1α levels were significantly higher in both the HIIT (P=0.02) and H- GH (P=0.03) groups collationed to the witness team. Moreover, the levels of SOD were considerably increased, in both the HIIT (P=0.05) and H-GH (P=0.005) team s compared to the witness team. Moreover, the levels of MDA were considerably decreased, in both the HIIT (P=0.007) and H-GH (P=0.04) teams compared to the witness team. The decrease in insulin resistance was significant only in the HIIT (P=0.05) team compared to the witness team and slightly increased in the H-GH (P=0.36) team but was not considered. The difference between HIIT and H-GH team (P=0.03) was also significant.The proportion of ALT/AST in both HIIT (P=0.02) and H-GH (P=0.03) teams had a significant decrease compared to the witness team. LDL/HDL proportion evidenced considered decrement at just in the HIIT team (P=0.01).

    Conclusion

    Intense intermittent sports activity was able to produce a more optimal response compared to GH peptide in improving NAFLD-related indices. Injection of this hormone single may have adverse outcomes on some indexes of this abnormality.

    Keywords: Enzymes, Growth Hormone, High-Intensity Interval Training, Lipid Droplet Associated Proteins, Oxidative Stress, PPARGC1A Protein, Superoxide Dismutase-1
  • Pouria Khosravi, Fereshte Shahidi *, Arezoo Eskandari, Kayvan Khoramipour
    Objective (s)

    This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on lactate-induced mitophagy in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.

    Materials and Methods

    28 Wistar male rats were divided into four groups randomly: (i) control (Co), (ii) exercise (EX), (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D), and (iv) type 2 diabetes + exercise (T2D + Ex). The rats in the T2D and T2D + Ex groups were fed a high-fat diet for two months, then a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) was injected to induce diabetes. The EX and T2D + Ex groups performed 4–10 intervals of treadmill running at 80–100% of Vmax. Serum and hippocampal levels of lactate, as well as hippocampal levels of monocarboxylate transporter2 (MCT2), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), forkhead box protein O (FOXO3), light chain 3 (LC3), PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin, beta-amyloid (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein (TAU), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data. 

    Results

    Serum and hippocampal levels of lactate as well as hippocampal levels of MCT2, SIRT1, FOXO3, LC3, PINK1, Parkin, and antioxidant enzymes were higher while hippocampal levels of Aβ, TAU, and MDA were lower in T2D+EX compared to T2D group (P-value<0.05)

    Conclusion

    HIIT could improve mitophagy through Lactate-SIRT1-FOXO3-PINK1/Parkin signaling in the hippocampus of rats with T2D reducing the accumulation of Tau and Aβ, which may reduce the risk of memory impairments.

    Keywords: Cognitive Dysfunction, Diabetes Mellitus-Type 2, High-Intensity Interval - Training, Hippocampus, Lactates, Mitochondria, Mitophagy
  • Seyed Morteza Tayebi, Meraj Mirzaei, Abbass Ghanbari Niaki, Rohoullah Haghshenas Gatabi
    Background

    There have been few investigations into the impact of high-intensity interval training on blood rheology.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to evaluate how high-intensity interval training conducted with different duration affects fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in sedentary young college men.

    Methods

    For this study, 36 healthy male participants were selected and grouped based on their individual characteristics. The groups included a control group (n = 9), a 45-second training group (tr-45; n = 9), a 30-second training group (tr-30; n = 9), and a 15-second training group (tr-15; n = 9). The training regimen comprised six sessions over two weeks, with varying sets (4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 4 respectively) and durations of 15, 30, and 45 seconds for different groups. There was a fixed 4-minute rest interval between each set, with a consistent load of 0.6 on the Wingate cycle ergometer. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the final session to analyze fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels.

    Results

    There were no significant differences between groups in plasma fibrinogen levels (F3, 32 = 2.303, P = 0.96). However, post-test analysis revealed a significant decrease in plasma fibrinogen in the tr-45 group (P = 0.027) compared to pre-test levels. Plasma viscosity did not significantly change between groups (F3, 32 = 0.651, P = 0.058), but there was a significant interaction between time and group (F3, 40= 4.43, P = 0.009). Post-test analysis showed a significant decrease in plasma viscosity in the tr-45 (P = 0.010), tr-30 (P = 0.002), and tr-15 (P =
    0.003) groups, while it significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.004) compared to pre-test levels.

    Conclusions

    The findings suggest that high-intensity interval training can effectively decrease blood rheology and factors such as fibrinogen and plasma viscosity, with the 45-second HIIT being more efficient. Therefore, incorporating this training into Physical Activity Programs could be beneficial for inactive men.

    Keywords: High Intensity Interval Training, Fibrinogen, Viscosity, Hemorheology, Blood Rheology
  • ویدا حکیمی، حمید محبی*، بهمن میرزایی
    مقدمه

    فیبروز بافت چربی در اختلال متابولیسم گلوکز و مقاومت به انسولین در چاقی نقش دارد؛ اما تاثیر ورزش بر پیشرفت فیبروز بافت چربی هنوز ناشناخته است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر هم زمان تمرین های تناوبی با شدت بالا و رژیم غذایی پرچرب بر TGF-β1 و MMP-9 و MMP-2 در بافت چربی زیرپوستی رت های نر انجام شد.

    روش ها

    سر رت نر نژاد ویستار به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه، رژیم غذایی معمولی (ND)، رژیم غذایی پرچرب (HFD)، رژیم غذایی معمولی+ تمرین های تناوبی با شدت بالا (ND+HIIT) و رژیم غذایی پرچرب +تمرین های تناوبی با شدت بالا (HFD+HIIT) تقسیم شدند. پروتکل HIIT شامل هشت مرحله فعالیت با شدت معادل 90 درصد حداکثر ظرفیت دویدن و دوره استراحت فعال 5/2 دقیقه ای با شدت معادل 50درصد MRC به مدت 12 هفته (5 جلسه در هفته) بود. 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرین، نمونه های چربی زیرپوستی و خون جمع آوری شدند. برای اندازه گیری میزان بیان پروتئین TGF-β1 از روش وسترن بلات و برای اندازه گیری MMP-9، MMP-2، انسولین از روش الایزا استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    نتایج نشان داد القای چاقی با افزایش معنی دار میزان TGF-β1،MMP-9 ، MMP-2، مقاومت به انسولین همراه بود (0001/P<p) و در مقابل تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا به همراه رژیم غذایی پرچرب نسبت به گروه رژیم غذایی پرچرب موجب کاهش معنی دار میزان TGF-β1،MMP-9 ، MMP-2، مقاومت به انسولین می شود (0001/0<p).

    نتیجه گیری

    تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا، ممکن است پیشرفت فیبروز بافت چربی را تضعیف و اثر پیشگیرانه بر افزایش اختلالات متابولیسم گلوکز ناشی از رژیم غذایی پرچرب داشته باشد.

    کلید واژگان: فیبروز بافت چربی, ماتریکس متالوپروتئیناز, تمرینهای تناوبی با شدت بالا, مقاومت به انسولیننسولین
    Vida Hakimi, Hamid Mohebbi*, Bahman Mirzaei
    Background

    Adipose tissue fibrosis is involved in glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in obesity, but the effect of exercise on the progression of adipose tissue fibrosis is still unknown.This study aimed to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) simultaneously with high-fat diet on TGF-β1, MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of male rats.

    Methods

    24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), Normal diet + high intensity interval training (ND+HIIT), high fat diet+ high intensity interval training (HFD+HIIT). The HIIT protocol includes 8 bouts of intense activity at 90% of maximum running capacity (MRC) for 2.5 minutes, with active rest periods at 50% of maximum running capacity for 2.5 minutes for 12 weeks (5 sessions per week). 48 hours after the last training session, blood was taken, and subcutaneous fat was removed. Western blot method was used evaluate the TGF-β1 and ELISA method was used to measure levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, insulin.

    Results

    Induction of obesity was associated with a significant increase in TGF-β1, MMP-9 and MMP-2 and insulin resistance (P˂ 0.0001). In contrast, high-intensity interval with high fat diet compared to the high fat diet group causes a significant decrease in the amount of TGF-β1, MMP-9, MMP-2, and insulin resistance (P˂ 0.0001).

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, our data indicate that High-intensity interval training may weaken the progression of adipose tissue fibrosis and have a preventive effect on the increase in glucose metabolism disorders caused by a high-fat diet.

    Keywords: Adipose Tissue Fibrosis, Matrix Metalloproteinase, High Intensity Interval Training, Insulin Resistance
  • Mahdiyeh Haj Hosseini *, Beydolah Shahouzehi, Najmeh Sadat Hosseini
    Background
    T Liver oxidative metabolism disorder is dependent on several factors that lead to liver diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our hypothesis was that the combination of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and L-carnitine affects the expression of citrate synthase (CS), PGC-1α, and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in the liver of male Wistar rats.
    Methods
    Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, L-carnitine (200 mg/kg/d, four weeks, IP), HIIT, and HIIT+L-carnitine (200 mg/kg/d, four weeks, IP). HIIT training was performed for four weeks (five days a week); then, the animals were anesthetized, and their liver tissues were extracted for real-time PCR to measure MCT1, PGC-1α, and CS. SPSS 22 software was used to analyze the data obtained in different groups, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.
    Results
    MCT1 expression significantly increased in the HIIT and HIIT+L-carnitine groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). PGC- 1α expression significantly increased in the HIIT+L-carnitine group compared to the control and L-carnitine groups (P<0.001). Also, PGC- 1α expression significantly increased in the HIIT group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, CS expression significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P<0.001).
    Conclusion
    HIIT exercise combined with L-carnitine supplementation increases the expression of MCT1, PGC-1α, and CS in the liver. Therefore, it seems that performing HIIT exercises and taking L-carnitine supplements can prevent the consequences of fat accumulation in the liver.
    Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, MCT1, PGC-1Α, CS Gene
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