جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "iranian women" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

This study assesses the antibiotic susceptibility of vaginal Lactobacillus strains and provides data for determining the prevalence of certain antibiotic resistance genes in the new strains of lactobacilli serving as probiotics and selected from healthy women in northern Iran.

One hundred premenopausal non-pregnant women in the reproductive age range of 22-50 years participated in this study. The potential probiotic vaginal lactobacilli used in the study included Lactobacillus crispatus (34.2%), Lactobacillus gasseri (26.3%), Lactobacillus johnsonii (10.5%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (15.7%) and Lactobacillus jensenii (13.1%). The phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility of the strains was determined by E test and DNA extraction and PCR were performed to examine the antibiotic resistance genes.

38 potential probiotic vaginal lactobacilli were isolated. All the strains of lactobacilli were resistant to metronidazole and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and all of the strains were susceptible to ampicillin and chloramphenicol antibiotics. The results showed that ermB, ermC, and ermA genes were observed in the strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Metronidazole resistance (nim) gene was also found in one strain of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus johnsonii. The aminoglycoside resistance (aac6'-aph2") gene was observed in 8% of the strains. Also, tetM, tetK and tetW genes were found in more than 80% of the Lactobacillus strains.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of vaginal lactobacilli is an important criterion for establishing whether or not the organism is a probiotic. A high level of resistance to clinical antibiotics, such as metronidazole and aminoglycosides, was demonstrated. Antibiotic resistant genes also appeared widely in vaginal lactobacilli.

Life course research has shown that socioeconomic conditions in childhood have a profound impact on adult health. However, little is known about the different health effects of social mobility. This study was conducted to answer whether the intergenerational social mobility of women in Rasht is related to their quality of life index.  

This cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020–2021, in which the researcher created a social mobility questionnaire, was used to study the association between social mobility and the quality of life index of women aged 30-65 in Rasht. The current socioeconomic status of 784 married women in this city was compared to the previous socioeconomic status of their parents. Also, Ferrans and Power's quality of life index questionnaire was used. Data analysis was done using t-test and ANOVA.  

The mean (SD) score for the overall quality of life index was 21.60 (4.23) of 30. The majority of participants had immobility (350 of them or 44.6%). There was no statistically significant correlation between women's intergenerational mobility and their quality-of-life index (P = 0.734). Still, there was a statistically significant difference between the average score of the quality of life in the socioeconomic groups of the participants.  

Findings show that the women in Rasht did not have opportunities to promote their status or could not take advantage of these possibilities. Although our results did not show evidence for the effects of social mobility on quality of life, some scholars’ findings support the idea of the impact (negative or positive) of intergenerational upward mobility on well-being.

Despite the notorious effects of inadequate physical activity (PA), adopting appropriate interventions to increase PA is still problematic. This study identifies and prioritizes evidence-based strategies to increase PA in Iranian women.

This is a mixed-method study. A systematic review of clinical interventions was used to stimulate academic and focus group discussions (FGDs), where the participants identified the most salient strategies to promote PA in Iranian women. Then a nominal group technique (NGT) was used to reach a consensus on the prioritization of the strategies. This mixed methods study (systematic review and FGD) was conducted in 2014. The participants (n=13) included Iranian women, the research team, health sciences experts, managers, and policymakers. They rated the strategies’ importance and applicability (from 3 to 13); higher scores indicated higher prioritization. The prioritized plans were then categorized under a socioecological model of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and community factors.

Overall, 26 strategies were identified and coded as items. The challenging of inaccurate beliefs about PA, along with the increasing self-confidence and self-prioritization, creation of sports groups, the use of sports coaches, and increase of awareness via text messaging and informative multimedia placed in local mosques and schools got the highest scores both in terms of importance and applicability in this model.

In promoting PA, collaboration with key stakeholders is paramount. The strategies identified and prioritized in this study could be used to design future PA programs for increasing PA in Iranian women.

According to the evidence, 35% of women have experienced sexual violence worldwide. This study aimed to develop and validate an electronic scale for sexual violence experiences (SVE) in Iranian women.

In this mixed-method study, we conducted an item pool by reviewing the existing sexual violence scales in the literature and sent the items to the expert team for initial consensus. Then, we measured the validity and reliability of the developed scale. The samples included 808 women (age range: 15-45 years) in Kerman province from October to December 2020.

The final scale consisted of 43 items. Face validity was achieved by applying the views of the target community. The content validity results were acceptable. The correlation coefficient between the Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEQ) and the Domestic Violence Questionnaire (DVQ) with the SVE was 0.68 and 0.51, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (χ2 =27973.72, df=903, and P=0.001) identified eight factors. The results also showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0.9, Pearson’s correlation r=0.9, P=0.001).

Since the SVE had good validity and reliability, the scale can be regarded as a suitable tool for measuring sexual violence among Iranian women.

Uterine Cervical Neoplasms is one of the most common cancers in women. Uterine Cervical Neoplasms screening is one of the essential measures for preventing this disease, and its purpose is to detect lesions in the premalignant stage and reduce the risk of death due to this cancer. This study aimed to determine predictive factors for the utilization of cervical neoplasm screening services in Iranian women.This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 women referred to health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh City by random cluster sampling method. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic data and constructs of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) using self-report. Descriptive analysis was used to explain demographic variables and PMT dimensions. Regression and Fisher’s exact test using SPSS software version 22 with a statistical significance at P<0.5 was used for analyzing the data.The mean age and weight were 30.6 ± 9.0 and 66.1± 10.9 in participants. 97.5% were married and 67.5% had a diploma or academic education. Self-efficacy, response efficacy, and perceived sensitivity predicted the desired behavior. Adjusted R2=0.27 indicated that this model explained 27% of the behavioral score changes. Therefore, comprehensive planning for intervention, use of PMT and gaining knowledge about the cultural and socioeconomic factors for Uterine Cervical Neoplasms screening seem useful.

Breast cancer is now the most significant health issue in women, threatening diverse aspects of human health, including mental health and cognitive function. This research aimed to validate the Persian version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in Iranian women with breast cancer.

We gathered data on 229 women with breast cancer in Tehran through convenience sampling. They completed a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of MAAS, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and DASS-21. SPSS-22 analyzed the Pearson correlation between the Persian version of MAAS, general self-efficacy, and DASS-21. Also, LISREL 8.8 was used to analyze the internal structure of the MAAS.

Findings from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the model with one factor fits well with the data (sbχ2=4.29 (P=0.36); SRMR=0.058; CFI=1.0; NFI=0.91; IFI=0.95; RFI=0.97; GFI=0.90; RMSEA=0.069). Significant negative correlations were found between MAAS and DASS-21 scores for anxiety (r=-0.51), depression (r=-0.48) and stress (r=-0.49), indicating an acceptable divergent validity. There was also a positive relationship between MAAS and general self-efficacy (r=0.37; P<0.01).

The Persian version of MAAS seems to be a valid scale for evaluating the extent of mindfulness of Iranian women with breast cancer.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is dramatically increasing particularly in developing countries. Among the different factors, diet has an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) and cardiovascular risk factors in adult Iranian women.

This was a cross-sectional study of 371 participants, aged 20-50 yr, and recruited from 10 health centers from health centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran in 2018. Usual dietary intake was evaluated by a validated and reliable 168-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To assess overall quality of diet, the Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI) was used. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting blood of samples were taken to assess biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular disease.

The results of linear regression showed that DQI-I score was inversely and directly associated with serum level of total cholesterol (TC) (0.27, confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.58; P<0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.53, CI: 1.42-4.52; P=0.001), respectively. However, there was no significant association between DQI-I and other cardiovascular risk factors.

A greater DQI-I score was associated with preferable lipid profile including TC and HDL-C. Future large-scale, prospective cohort or clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.

Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women. Negative health outcomes caused by domestic violence have been recognized as a public health problem with extensive effects on society. The main objective of this study was to explore Iranian couples’ experiences of domestic violence.

This study was carried out through a qualitative approach and a conventional content analysis method in 2015 in Mashhad, Iran. Fifteen couples (15 women and 15 men) were selected from five health centers in Mashhad using purposive sampling. Data were collected through individual in-depth semi-structured interviews with the participants about their perceptions and experiences of factors underlying domestic violence. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis approach with MAXQDA software.

The results of this study revealed three main themes including social factors affecting violence (the family’s economic position, culture and values, and social support), interpersonal relations (the type of marriage and life skills), and personal factors (intrinsic factors and acquired factors).

Given that social, interpersonal, and personal factors such as economic problems, social culture, low social support, low education levels, addiction, and the absence of life skills can lead to the outbreak of domestic violence among couples, there is a need to train couples to adopt effective strategies to reduce domestic violence in the family and seek help from support centers.

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication and one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the world. PE is characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. Given the importance of mutation in the VEGF gene and its correlation with the incidence of pre-eclampsia, the relationship between polymorphisms rs922583280 ,rs3025040 and rs10434 of encoding gene VEGF with the incidence of pre-eclampsia in the population of Iranian women was studied in this research.

100 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia diagnosis and 50 healthy pregnant women for determination of genotypes rs922583280, rs3025040 and rs10434 were evaluated using the Sanger sequencing method.

There was no significant difference in the frequency of alleles of rs922583280 and rs3025040 polymorphisms between case and control groups (P>0.05), but the frequency of recessive allele G in rs10434 polymorphism was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (Pvalue=0.014, case=24%, control=12%), while the frequency of the allele A in the control group was higher than that of the patient group (case=76%, control=88%) The frequency of AG genotype in the patient group was also higher than the control group and the frequency of AA genotypes in the control group was higher than that of the patient group (case=57%, control= 78).

The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphism rs10434 of the gene encoding VEGF has a significant difference among individuals of the control group and the patient group and can affect the incidence of pre-eclampsia among Iranian women.

Substance use disorders and risky sexual behavior coexist for some women. Explanatory models of women's sexuality in the context of substance use are under study. This study aimed to explore how women’s sexual behavior can become risky in the context of substance use. In this ethnographic inquiry, 25 women with substance use disorders (SUDs) were included at two Drop-In-Centers (DICs) in South Tehran. Observation, semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data. Qualitative content analysis was used to attain the explanatory model of women’s sexual behaviors in the context of substance use. Three major themes emerged from the data analysis regarding their lives in the context of substance use; 1) life in the context of drug abuse, 2) negative self-perception, and 3) strive to survive. Subthemes were identified as loss of contact with family, social stigma, self-forgetfulness, worthlessness, low self-efficacy, and unsafe sexual context. Findings suggest that women with SUDs are highly interwoven with women’s sexual health, facilitating a shift towards risky behaviors. Integration of safe sexual skills building programs with substance use treatment is needed.  

Women constitute about half of the Iranian population. Sexual behaviour is one of the most important elements in their lives. Identifying the elements associated with sexual behaviours seems necessary in order to draw a thorough picture of Iranian women's sexuality.

To elicit information from Iranian women at their reproductive ages on sexual behaviours related to their elements including sexual capacity, sexual motivation, performance and sexual scripts.

Study participants involved 295 women at reproductive age from five different cities. Women completed a national self-reporting questionnaire on elements related to sexual behaviours. The elements included sexual capacity, sexual motivation, sexual performance, and sexual script. Pearson’s correlation variance analysis and multi-linear regression were used to analyze data.

Significant positive correlation was found between the sexual capacity, motivation, performance, and sexual script (p

Identifying the elements of sexual behaviours would help women understand their sexual behaviours and related influencing factors. Therefore, enrichment of women's sexuality is needed; also a well-planned educational program is a need for women to understand their sexuality-related potentials.

The rate of mothers undergoing cesarean section in the absence of medical indication is increasing in the world. Women attitude have an essential role in the request or selecting a birth mode. This study aimed to develop a scale for measuring attitude toward birth method selection.
The study was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative parts. Data collection was conducted from June to December 2012 in Ahvaz, Iran. In the qualitative part of the study, 21 interviews were conducted with pregnant or parturient women and key informants. Consequently, content and face validity were performed to provide a pre‑final version of the questionnaire. Then, in the quantitative part of the study, validity, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability were performed to assess the psychometric properties of the scale.
A 130‑item questionnaire was developed through the qualitative phase. It was reduced to an 82‑item questionnaire after content and face validity. Exploratory factor analysis loaded a 68‑item with an 8‑factor solution (“beliefs and attitudes,” “sexual and physical attitudes,” “fear of childbirth,” “preference of convenience, health, and supporting,” “socio‑ cultural norms,” “confidence to the birth practitioner,” “personal and practical choice,” and “sources of motivations,” which jointly accounted for 42.97% of the observed variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (á = 0.87), and test–retest of the scale with 2‑week intervals indicated an appropriate stability for the scale (0.89).
The findings showed that the designed questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument for indicating the pregnant womens’ attitudes to their birth method selection. Also, ATBMS is an easy use questionnaire and contains the most significant factors persuading women to choose vaginal delivery or cesarean section.

As a hormone-dependent cancer, estrogen is involved in the development of breast cancer. CYP1B1 belongs to the P450 superfamily of enzymes and is involved in the metabolism of estrogen. The present study investigates the relationship between CYP1B1*3 rs1056836 polymorphism and breast cancer in Iranian women.
The present case-control study was conducted on 79 women with breast cancer and 79 healthy women admitted to Shohadaye Tajrish hospital in Tehran. Blood samples were taken from all the participants and their leukocyte DNA was extracted. The PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping the participants based on the size of the pieces on the gel. Based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model, the frequency of alleles was calculated.
The mean age of participants was 48 ± 8 years old in the cancer group and 43±6 years old in the control group. After counting the genotypes, their percentages were calculated as 30.38% for the GG genotype, 37.97% for the GC/CG and 31.65% for the CC in the cancer group and as 32.91% for the GG genotype, 53.16% for the GC/CG and 13.93% for the CC in the control group. Based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model, the frequency of the G allele and C allele was 49.37% and 50.63 in the cancer group, and about 59.49% and 40.51% in the control group. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the CC homozygotes (P = 0.008).
The results obtained showed possibility of a significant relationship between CYP1B1 rs1056836 polymorphism and the risk of developing breast cancer, and the polymorphism can, therefore, be said to be involved in the development of this condition.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among housewives. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MSDs and its predictors among a group of Iranian housewives.
This cross-sectional study carried out on 600 Iranian housewives in 2014 that were selected using multistage random sampling from three cities including Karaj, Kashan and Yazd. The data were collected using Nordic questionnaire and were analyzed in SPSS software using chi-square and multiple linear regressions with Hosmer-Lemshow method.
The total prevalence of MSDs was 53% and was not different in three cities (P>0.05). The highest prevalence of pain was found to be in the back region (51.33%), followed by neck (51%) and shoulder (41.5%) and least at wrist (40.5%). The possibility of pain in neck was related to husband’s job (governmental compared to self-employed OR=1.6, CI 95%:1.09-2.63), older age (OR=1.06, CI 95%:1.01-1.11), higher height (OR=1.09, CI 95%:1.03-2.09), and more marriage duration (OR=1.08, CI 95%:1.01-2.05). The possibility of pain in back was related to educational level [guidance (OR=0.38, CI 95%:0.15-0.95) and high school (OR=0.31, CI 95%:0.13-0.94) compared to primary school] and heavier weight (OR=1.07, CI 95%:1.04-2.19), and finally the possibility of pain in shoulder was related to dominant hand [right hand compared to both hand (OR=4.6, CI 95%:1.2-17.8)].
Present study showed that the prevalence of MSDs in Iranian housewives is high and the educational level, height, weight and having husband with governmental job are as important predictors of MSDs among housewives. However, ergonomic training and informing the housewives about the risk factors of MSDs could prevent and postponed the occurrence of these disorders.

The TP53 gene is the most important tumor suppressor gene in humans. The aim of our study was to determine the genotype frequency of three common TP53 polymorphisms (codon 72 BstUI and intron 6 MspI, as well as the intron 3) in a group of Iranian women with and without breast cancer. Paraffin-embedded specimens of 65 malignant breast cancer cases and 65 cases with benign breast lesions were investigated for the presence of three common TP53 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction. Samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by variant specific restriction enzyme digestion. In our study, age grouping as >50 and ≤50 showed that the highest number of cancerous and non-cancerous patients was in the age group under 50; according to statistical tests, the difference was significant and recessive alleles of all three hot spots of TP53 had the highest frequency in the cancerous group. The majority of the cases with recessive alleles of all three hot spots of TP53 were in the age group ≤ 50. The difference between cancerous and noncancerous groups was statistically significant. Our results indicate that recessive alleles in three hot spots of TP53 gene might play a role in the breast cancer development, especially in women younger than 50 years.

In recent years, a growing number of interventions for treatment of female orgasmic problems (FODs) have emerged. Whereas orgasm is a extra biologically and learnable experience, there is a need for practitioners that to be able to select which therapy is the most appropriate to their context.

In this critical literature review, we aimed to assess areas of controversy in the existing therapeutic interventions in FOD with taking into accounted the Iranian cultural models.

For the present study, we conducted an extensive search of electronic databases using a comprehensive search strategy from 1970 till 2014. This strategy was using Google Scholar search, “pearl-growing” techniques and by hand-searching key guidelines, to identify distinct interventions to women's orgasmic problem therapy. We utilized various key combinations of words such as:" orgasm" OR "orgasmic "," female orgasmic dysfunction" OR Female anorgasmia OR Female Orgasmic Disorder ", orgasmic dysfunction AND treatment, “orgasm AND intervention”. Selection criteria in order to be included in this review, studies were required to: 1 employ clinical-based interventions, 2 focus on FOD.

The majority of interventions (90%) related to non-pharmacological and other were about pharmacological interventions. Self-direct masturbation is suggested as the most privilege treatment in FOD. Reviewing all therapies indicates couple therapy, sexual skill training and sex therapy seem to be more appropriate to be applied in Iranian clinical settings.

Since many therapeutic interventions are introduced to inform sexually-related practices, it is important to select an intervention that will be culturally appropriate and sensitive to norms and values. Professionals working in the fields of health and sexuality need to be sensitive and apply culturally appropriate therapies for Iranian population. We further suggest community well defined protocols to screen, assessment and management of women’ sexual problems such as FOD in the Iranian settings.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and risky sexual behaviors are serious and overlapping public health problems that disproportionately affect drug-involved women. Despite the fact that drug-using women experience extensive IPV, to date, no studies have investigated the association of IPV and risky sexual behaviors among drug-using women in Iran. Drug-using women (N =120) were recruited from a rehabilitation center in Tehran from March to October, 2009. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), a standardized questionnaire, was used to collect data regarding violence. We used t-test and logistic regression models to explore the relationship between IPV domains and specific sexual risk behavior outcomes using SPSS 21. The means (sd) for CTS2 domains were as follows: negotiation 4.29 (1.55), psychological violence 2.55 (1.51), sexual violence 0.37 (1.00), physical abuse 1.17 (1.49), injury 2.18 (1.97), and the mean total score was 1.69 (0.96). We found significantly higher injury scores, but lower sexual abuse scores among women with sexually-transmitted infection (STI) compared to women without STI (p-values 0.030 and <0.0001, respectively). In addition, we found that psychological abuse was positively associated with STI (p-value 0.03) and increased condom use (p = 0.010), possibly mediated through an increased likelihood of having multiple partners. The findings revealed that in Iran drug-involved women experience high rates of IPV and that IPV is associated with increased risky sexual behavior. Implication: Preventive interventions for violence that are integrated within drug treatment programs, as well as harm reduction programs are highly recommended.