جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "literature" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Literature is a mirror of culture and social relations at all times. Health and medicine, as part of culture and social life, have had a place in literature for a long time. As one of the most popular literary styles, especially in Arabic and Persian literature, the technique of Maqama writing has had many achievements for scholars, including in the representation of social life. Badīʿ al-Zamān al-Hamad̠ānī, who is considered the inventor of this technique, dedicated one of his Maqamat to "medicine". This part has been forgotten throughout history and omitted from most manuscripts and all official publications. Fortunately, the Yale manuscript has preserved this “Medical Maqama” In this article, concerning the technique of writing the Maqamat and its historical and social contexts and goals, we report and analyse this innovative Medical Maqama.

Happiness is one of the most important needs of today's societies, which is considered by thinkers as one of the components of spiritual health. In the Qur'an and hadiths, the word Farah is used in many cases to mean happiness. Hakkami's literary texts also have negative content related to happiness. Considering the prominent role of the Quran and literature in deepening the concepts related to happiness, in this study, the underlying factors and solutions for living happily were explained using the above sources.

In this library review research, religious reference texts and literary-mystical sources related to happiness, joy, peace, vitality, hope, optimism, and inner satisfaction were analyzed and discussed, and the solutions for living happily were explained.

The most applicable happiness factors are: 1. Faith in God and paying attention to the spiritual aspects of life, 2. Unconditional love, 3. Laughter and generosity, 4. Appreciation and gratitude, 5. Humility and unpretentiousness, 6. Making others happy, 7. Having big thoughts and efforts and being happy with small things, 8. Living in the present, 9. Beauty of appearance, 10. Paying attention to the fact that: "this too shall pass", 11. Excursion in nature, 12. Correct understanding of religion, 13. Associating with happy and lively people, 14. Minimizing one's expectations from others, 15. Being grateful, and 16. Studying mystical literature, especially the works of Rumi.

Happiness is one of the missing things in today's world. In the literary and religious texts, there are useful application themes to improve the real happiness and excellence of existence, that mixing these blessed teachings with life and living with the learned can have a fruitful role in creating happiness and passion for life.

The interrelationship between medical science and literature is undeniable; obviously, the Literature has been enriched with the views of those in the medical field, also masterpieces in the field of literature have been created by medical writers. Conversely, the medical profession owes much to those who, through literary skills, have succeeded in conveying certain ideas to the general public and carved in human ethics and virtues in this profession.

This study is based on literary masterpieces using a descriptive and analytical approach, investigating the influence of literature and medicine on each other.

If literature is indebted to medical science, medical science is also influenced by literature, that is since the purpose of a literary work is to arouse sympathy in the reader or spectator, the design of a patient's suffering in a literary work evokes a passionate sympathy in the physician and especially compels or inspires the physician to take action on the patient's suffering that will be more effective if this empathy leads to compassion. In addition, the literature stimulates a sense of responsibility and commitment to fellow human beings and also plays an important role in regulating the patient's history and diagnosis and treatment of the disease by the physician.

Medical students, by reading the literature, in addition to finding skills in biography and diagnosis and treatment, learn commitment and empathy that will be impactful in reducing human suffering.

Medical concepts can be studied in language and literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the term"pezeshk" and"medical terminology” in ancient Iran, in Persian language and literature, and in Mashreqi Shirazi poems.

This research has been done by reviewing and studying three articles, three databases, and about fifteen books. Since the subject of study is “medicine in Iran” and “Persian language and literature”, non-Iranian physicians and Iranians whose works are in Arabic have been excluded from this study.

The history of medicine in Iran is as old as the history of Iran itself; and its influence can be clearly seen in Persian language and literature. The root of the term“pezeshk” is Avestan(Baesha-za), which has changed to Baesha-zak in the Middle Persian and in Bejeshk and Pezeshk in Parsian, which is still used today. The names of many Iranian ancient therapists are associated today with widely used medical terms: Trita is one of the first Aryan therapists, and his name is the same as“treat”. The names of some ancient Iranians are considered as the first ones in the world of medicine, e.g., Mehrdad II Ashkani, the first immunologist. Besides, in this study, the influence of medicine on literature was proved in the poetry of Mashreqi Shirazi(970-1038 AH), a shiite poet.

Medicine is not an imported science to Iran and the history of medical science in this country is, as evidenced by history, as old as the history of Iran. This longevity can be seen in the Persian word “pezeshk” itself, and in the names of the first Aryan and Iranian physicians and the medical schools of ancient Iran. The global name of Medicine is taken from the first historical dynasty of Iran, Maad(Medi in Greek), and one of the first Maad healers, Cina(Cine) Moghani. In literature, it is apparent that Hakim Mashreqi was aware of medicine. Such awareness included the constituent elements of the body, name of some diseases, treatment and the name of some drugs.

Abstract

Performance appraisal is an essential process in health care organizations to ensure that the quality of care goal is met. The aim of this study was to determine the most important dimensions of performance appraisal from the perspective of nursing researchers.

In this review study، the published articles from 2002–2012 were assessed. In order to achieve related evidences، electronic search was done in both English and Persian language by using the key words; appraisal، nurse، assessment، evaluation in the following databases: Magiran، SID، IranMedex، PubMed، Science Direct، InterScienc، Ovid، ProQuest and Google.

Search results in multiple sites covering 10 Persian articles on nurses’ performance appraisal in the last 10 years in Iran. There was not found any related article in English language. 5 studies (50%)، mainly considered the following topics: relationship between performance appraisal and variables such as job satisfaction، job motivation، job rotation and managers’ education. 5 (50%) of the studies were conducted in Tehran، 2 of them (20%) were quasi experimental and 8 studies were quantitative study.

Performance appraisal is associated with job satisfaction، motivation and identification of nurses’ training needs. Objectives in appraisal، appropriate implementation and training can play a significant role in the success of this system.