جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « mild cognitive impairment » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the common problems of old age is cognitive disorders that seriously affect the daily life of the elderly. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of perceptual-motor exercises on the working memory of elderly women with mild cognitive impairment who use drugs.

This research was practical and with a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of elderly women over 65 years of age with mild cognitive impairment, drug users and inactive residents of nursing homes in Tehran. 30 elderly people living in one of the nursing homes were selected based on the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. Participants completed Folstein Cognitive Status and Wechsler Memory questionnaire. The control group did their daily activities. The experimental group participated in the perceptual-motor training program three sessions a week for eight weeks. Both groups took their medicines regularly. After the training program, both groups completed the Wechsler Memory questionnaire again. Univariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 20 software were used for data analysis (P≤0.05).

The results of the statistical analysis after the training intervention showed a significant improvement in the post-test scores of the experimental group in the working memory variable (P=0.009) compared to the control group.

According to the results of the research, it is suggested to the elderly and managers of nursing homes to use perceptual-motor exercises in order to improve cognitive health, according to their individual ability and environmental facilities.

Cognitive decline is one of the basic problems of adults, the cost of diagnosis and treatment is high, and despite the high importance of physical and mental health in facing this disease, no comprehensive research has been done on the role of psychological well-being and sports history on this disorder.  

The purpose of the research was to design a model of the mediator role of psychological well-being in the causal relationship between sports history and mild cognitive impairment.

This research was applied and correlational. The statistical population was 55 to 84-year-old men of Tehran with a history of physical activity, and 396 of them were selected based on criteria. The research tools were Wechsler's working memory test software (1945), Reif's psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), and self-reported sports history questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used in spss23 and structural equation modeling and Sobel tests were used in smartPLS3.1.1 at a significance level of 0.05.

Psychological well-being has a positive and significant relationship with sports history (p=0.001; t=23.280) and working memory (p=0.001; t=18.227). Also, sports history has a positive and significant relationship with working memory (p=0.001; t=31.429) and the research model has a good fit and psychological well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between sports history and working memory (p=0.001; t=10.55).

Engaging in proper physical activity and having psychological well-being can reduce the amount of mild cognitive impairment in adults, so these people should always think about their physical and mental health.

Quality of life and subjective vitality are two important components for the elderly. This study aims to study the effect of cognitive rehabilitation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the quality of life and subjective vitality of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population consists of all older adults referred to the Rehabilitation Clinic of Payambaran Hospital in Tehran and diagnosed with MCI based on clinical criteria. Of these, 40 were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control. For the intervention group, cognitive rehabilitation plus tDCS was provided at 12 sessions. The LEIPAD quality of life questionnaire and subjective vitality scale of Ryan and Frederick were used to measure the variables. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data in SPSS software, version 25.

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the quality of life and subjective vitality after intervention (P<0.05), indicating that the combination of cognitive rehabilitation with tDCS affected the quality of life and subjective vitality of the elderly. In the follow-up phase, the effects were stable over time.

Combining cognitive rehabilitation with tDCS can have a significant impact on the quality of life and subjective vitality of the elderly with MCI.

Most studies have investigated the effect of pathological aging brain on information recall and recognition memory of patients by using yes-no procedures. For this reason, they provide an incomplete picture of memory defect, and other factors related to recognition memory such as recognition discriminability (RD) and response bias (RB) are not taken into consideration. In this regard, present study aims to examine the effect of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease on RD and RB using the Shiraz verbal learning test (SVLT) compared to healthy peers.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 eligible older people aged 60-89 years with amnestic MCI, Alzheimer’s disease, and normal memory in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021. The data collection tools were SVLT and mini-mental status examination. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 19 using descriptive statistics (No., Mean±SD) and analytical tests (ANOVA and Scheffe’s test). The significance level was set at 0.05.

The patients with amnestic MCI and Alzheimer’s disease had significantly lower scores than the healthy older people in recognition memory performance (P<0.001). They also had lower scores and more false-positive errors in RD domains (global, semantic, source, and new) (P<0.001). in RB, the patients with Alzheimer’s disease had significantly higher scores than older people with amnestic MCI and normal memory (P<0.001).   

The study of recognition memory performance (RB and RD) in patients with amnestic MCI can provide useful information to predict Alzheimer’s disease in the prodromal stage.

Atrophy of hippocampal subfields is one of the diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, which has also been observed in many patients with mild cognitive impairment. There is still no clear understanding of the atrophy pattern of hippocampal subfields in Alzheimer's disease and its differentiation from mild cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional study, hippocampal subfield atrophy in Alzheimer's patients were compared with patients with early (EMCI) and late (LMCI) cognitive impairment and the control group.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2021 to September 2022 in the radiology department of Tabriz Paramedical Faculty. MRI images of Alzheimer's patients, EMCI patients, LMCI patients, and normal controls (NCs) were obtained from the ADNI database. Different hippocampus subfields of hippocampal fissure, dentate gyrus head, dentate gyrus body, first cornu ammonis body, cornu ammonis head, subiculum body, and subiculum head were isolated using the hippocampus segmentation tool in FreeSurfer 7.0 software. The volume of all subfields was calculated bilaterally and normalized. The volume difference of each hippocampus subfield between the groups participating in the study and the pair volume difference between the groups was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test and post-hoc Dunn's test. The P<0.05 was considered as the significance level.

The most significant volume difference between the four groups participating in the study was related to the whole hippocampus, DG body, subiculum body, and subiculum head subfields (P<0.0001). Also, when examining pairs, the most significant difference was observed between the NC/AD pair (P<0.0001) and the least significant difference between the pair of LMCI/AD group (P<0.05) and in the subfield subiculum body showing the progressive course of hippocampal subfield atrophy with cognitive progress towards Alzheimer's disease.

In most subfields of the hippocampus, a significant difference in atrophy can be seen, increasing the severity of atrophy as the disorder progresses toward Alzheimer's. Such findings can help guide future studies to improve diagnostic performance to identify individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease.

The changes in physical and cognitive functions in old age often lead to impaired motor function and cognitive decline. The changes occur even in the absence of obvious diseases. The potential consequences are increased risk of falling, loss of independence in daily activities, and lower quality of life. Aging is associated with decreased cognitive functions such as processing speed, memory, and executive functions. Group movement intervention in a sports program improves mobility and balance, mental health, cardiovascular health, and strength. It encourages social and emotional participation and saves healthcare costs. Mindfulness is another effective approach to enhance cognition. It includes mindfulness, breathing, and yoga exercises. The present study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of group movement and mindfulness intervention programs on the balance status and executive functioning of older people with mild cognitive impairment.

The present research was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest and a one–month follow–up design, with two experimental and one control group(s). The study's statistical population comprised all elderly people aged 60–75 years living in Tehran City, Iran. The investigation started from March 2021 to March 2022. By reviewing similar research studies and using G*Power software, the number of samples required to reach the study objectives was estimated at 60. The samples were eligible elderly male volunteers with mild cognitive disorders. The sampling method was accessible and targeted. The samples were assigned to the group movement intervention (20 people), the mindfulness intervention group (20 people), and the control group (20 people). The inclusion criteria included the consent of the participants to participate in the research; male gender; diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment; 60–75 years old; without acute mental disorders, critical physical illness, or movement problems that prevent their activities. The exclusion criteria included not participating regularly in training sessions, suffering from disease or any injury that prevents doing exercises, participating in other activities that affect the training interventions, and unwillingness to continue the research for any reason. The following tools were used for data collection: Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al., 1977), Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale (Rose et al., 2006), and Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D–KEFS) (Delis et al., 2001). Group movement and mindfulness interventions were implemented only for the experimental groups, each for 12 sixty–minute sessions. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Repeated measures ANOVA and its assumptions and Bonferroni's post hoc test) were used to analyze the data. All statistical tests were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. SPSS version 24 software was used for data analysis.

Results showed that the effects of time (p<0.001), group (p<0.001), and the time and group interaction (p<0.001) on the variables of balance status and executive functions were significant. In the posttest and follow–up phases, the average scores of the variables of balance status and executive functions in the group movement intervention (p<0.001) and the mindfulness intervention (p<0.001) were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, a significant difference was observed between the experimental groups in the posttest and follow–up phases (p<0.001). In the two experimental groups, there was a significant difference in the average scores of variables of balance status and executive functions between the pretest and posttest (p<0.001) and between the pretest and follow–up (p<0.001) stages. Also, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of the mentioned variables between the posttest and follow–up stages (p<0.001), which shows the stability of the interventions in the follow–up stage.

According to the findings, group movement and mindfulness interventions benefit executive functions and balance status. However, group movement intervention is more effective than mindfulness training. Therefore, therapists can use the group movement intervention to improve the balance and executive functions of older people with mild cognitive impairment.

Aging is a sensitive period in life. Due to the increase in the aging population and the possibility of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in the elderly, it is necessary to prevent Alzheimer’s disease in these patients by improving their cognitive status and depression. The present study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the cognitive status and depression of older men with MCI.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest design using a control group. The study population consists of older men aged ≥60 years with MCI living in a nursing home in Kerman, Iran in 2021. Using a purposeful sampling method, 24 eligible older men were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control (n=12) and intervention (n=12). Evaluation of cognitive state and depression was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively before and after the intervention. Cognitive rehabilitation program was presented at 12 one-hour sessions in the intervention group. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 19.

The cognitive rehabilitation program had a significant effect on improving cognitive state and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI (P<0.05). 

The cognitive rehabilitation program is recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment to improve cognitive status and reduce depression in older men with MCI.

Cognitive disorders are one of the most important disorders occurring among the elderly. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Golghand consumption on the cognitive status of the elderly people with mild cognitive impairment.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 elderly people aged 60-75 years after completing the demographic, elderly depression and brief cognitive status questionnaires in several stages and random allocation were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group used Golgand potion once a day for one month. At the end of the post-test questionnaire was completed for both groups. The data were analyzed with independent t and paired t statistical tests with significance level of less than 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of the cognitive status score in the experimental group before and after the intervention was 22.57 and 26.17, respectively. The same in score in the control group was 22.65 and 22.66, respectively. The cognitive status scores increased significantly in the intervention group. (P = 0.027), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (P = 0.865). The results also showed a significant increase in the cognitive status scores in the dimensions of orientation, attention, calculation and recall of the questionnaire in the experimental group in the posttest phase (P < 0.05).

According to the present study, Golghand increased cognitive status scores in the intervention group, which indicates the improvement of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly people and the prevention of Alzheimer's diseases.

In this study, the thickness of the retinal nerve fibers layer(RNFL) was compared among patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's dementia, and healthy individuals (controls) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device.

This case-control study was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and 31 healthy subjects undergoing neurological examination. The examinations included minimal mental state examination a comprehensive assessment of ophthalmology and performance of OCT using a Spectralis device. Both eyes were selected for analysis, and the differences in the thickness of retinal nerve fibers layer between patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy subjects were investigated.

In this study, the mean age scores of the patients and healthy individuals were 66.00±8.56 and 60.25±7.50 years, respectively. According to the results of the ordinal logistic regression model, after controlling the effects of other variables, the severity of cognitive impairment increased by 1.26 times in the right eye and by 1.30 times in the left eye (P<0.001). Similarly, for each micrometer increase in the thickness of the retinal nerve layer in the superior quadrant of the right and left eyes, the severity of the cognitive impairment decreased by 4% and 5%, respectively.

These results indicated that superior and inferior retinal nerve fiberslayer thickness was reduced in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia, compared to the healthy subjects, and it can be an element to detect and track this pathology.

Objectives :

One of the most common problems in old age is mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which, in addition to cognitive problems, reduces important aspects of social cognition ability such as facial emotion recognition (FER). One of the effective methods in this field is social cognition and interaction training (SCIT). The present study aims to investigate the effect of SCIT on FER  in the elderly with MCI.

Methods & Materials :

This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/post-test/follow-up design. The study population includes all the elderly over 60 years with MCI living in nursing homes in Tehran, Iran in 2021. Of these, 40 were selected by purposive and convenience sampling methods and randomly assigned to intervention (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The intervention group received group SCIT at 20 sessions of 60 minutes for two months. During this period, the control group had no training. The used test included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test and the Face Emotion Recognition Test. The data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test in SPSS software, version 23. 

Results :

The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the group and time factors explained 51% and 71% of variances in FER, respectively. The results of Bonferroni test showed that FER score in the intervention group was increased immediately after and two months after training, indicating that SCIT had a significant effect on FER (P<0.001). However, FER score in the control group did not show a significant change.

Conclusion:

 The SCIT can be used as an effective method to increase FER in the elderly by using techniques such as examining the role of emotions in social environments and developing emotion recognition skills.

Cognitive ageing is associated with disruption in higher-level executive functions, because it can impair the abilities needed to perform these functions. One of the common cognitive impairments among the elderly is the mild cognitive impairment (MCI), characterized by a higher than normal level of cognitive decline. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the ‎the effectiveness of gaze stability exercises on balance and executive functions in the elderly suffering from MCI. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the elderly with MCI living in Urmia in 2020. The sample included 30 elderly aged 60 to 80 years with MCI, who were selected using convenience randomly and based on the inclusion criteria and assigned randomly into two groups of experimental (mean age: ‌78/466±1/552 years) and control (mean age:76/93±2.404 years) with 15 memebers in each group. Participants of both groups performed Mathias et al’s Timed Up and Go (TUG), Hoffman’s Go/NoGo test and Kirchner’s N-Back Test for their balance, inhibitory control and working memory to be evaluated in pre-test and post-test. ‎The experimental group performed Morimoto et al.’s gaze stabilization exercises in three 60-minute sessions a week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed using the Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24 software. The results indicated that after controlling the pretest scores, there was a statistically significant difference in TUG, behavioral inhibition control and working memory ‌between the control and experimental groups (p=0.001). Therefore, performing these exercises can be an effective strategy to improve balance and executive functioning abilities in the elderly suffering from MCI.

The elderly need proper medical and psychiatric care and attention. So, choosing an appropriate therapeutic method for their psychological care, especially in the elderly with cognitive impairment, will be effective in improving their psychological symptoms and health. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation on agitation and apathy in male elders with mild cognitive impairment. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all male elderly with mild cognitive impairment residing of nursing homes in Alborz province, Iran. At first, Kahrizak Charity Hospice was selected by purposeful sampling method, and then 51 elderly people were selected based on inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two experimental groups (humor and cognitive rehabilitation) and one control group. Cohen-Mansfield’s Agitation Inventory, Apathy’s Evaluation Scale and Montreal’s Cognitive Assessment-Basic were used to collect data. The two intervention groups received eight 90-minute sessions of Humor therapy based on the Mcghee’s 7 Humor Habits Program and Kelly and O’Sullivan’s Cognitive Rehabilitation, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The results of univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that humor therapy reduces agitation and apathy. Moreover, cognitive rehabilitation reduced agitation and apathy. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in terms of reducing agitation and apathy. According to the effectiveness of humor therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in reducing agitation and apathy in this study, these interventions can be applied to improve psychological symptoms, personal functioning and interpersonal relationships in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment, in addition to imposing costs on community health, increases the risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Humor Training" on agitaion and cognitive function in male elders with mild cognitive impairment.

The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included elderly men with mild cognitive impairment in Kahrizak Charity  in Alborz province in 2020. A sample of 34 male elders with mild cognitive impairment was purposefully selected based on the “Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic” score and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected from demographic questionnaire; “Cohen-Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory” and “Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic”. The validity of the instruments was determined by the convergent validity method and their reliability was determined by the internal consistency correlation method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of "Humor Training" based on "The 7 Humor Habits Program”. Data were analyzed in SPSS .24.

After intervention, there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in agitation and cognitive function (P <0.01). After controlling the pre-test score, there was a significant difference between the intervention group with mean (99.80) and the control with mean (106.08) in agitation and the intervention group (mean 20.76) and control (mean, 16.82) in cognitive function was observed. 

"Humor Training" reduced agitation and increased cognitive function in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is suggested that "Humor Training " be used to promote health, improve individual functioning and interpersonal relationships in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.