جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "naming" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Due to the prevalence of cognitive disorders, such as the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and the consequences that these disorders follow, early diagnosis and awareness of the deficiencies of these people in the cognitive and language areas is essential. Given that language is dependent on culture, examining the linguistic characteristics of such patients in different languages can provide valuable findings. Therefore, this study compares noun and verb naming abilities in individuals with bvFTD and non-patients Persian-speaking.

In this cross-sectional study, 3 cognitive tests, including frontal assessment battery (FAB), Montreal cognitive assessment, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), along with 2 noun naming and verb naming tests were performed on 15 patients with bvFTD and 30 homogeneous non-patient individuals.

The bvFTD group had significantly different scores for both noun and verb naming compared to the non-patient group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the bvFTD group was more impaired in naming verbs than nouns, with the largest difference between groups in the verb naming task.

the results showed that bvFTD patients have poorer noun and verb naming abilities than non-patients. In particular, in verb naming, they showed more deficits than nouns. One possible explanation is that the processing of verbs is more complicated than nouns and involves a more complex neural system and cognitive processes than noun processing. Another possibility is that verbs rely more heavily on frontal and temporal regions of the brain, which are typically affected by bvFTD.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate how words are retrieved in the picture naming tasks (retrieval is discrete serial or cascading and networked) by examining the effect of word cognateness on the ability to name. Obtaining normal data on the ability to name of Mazandarani-Persian bilingual individuals with different genders, ages, and educational groups, was another goal of this study.

In this cross-sectional study, after completing the language proficiency questionnaire, 120 Mazandarani-Persian individuals named 109 nouns and 90 verbs in Mazandarani and Persian languages. The speed and voice of people were recorded by DMDX software.

The results show that the accuracy of the naming cognate nouns in Mazandarani, cognate verbs in Mazandarani and Persian, and the speed of naming cognate nouns in Mazandarani is more than non-cognate (P=0.000). Cognate status, gender (men), word type (noun), level of education, and Persian language had a positive effect on naming accuracy.

The results of this study are an example of the effect of cognate status on naming ability and thus confirming the cascaded activation model. Also, gender (men), word type (noun), level of education, and Persian language has a positive effect on naming accuracy.

Wernicke’s aphasia is one of the most prominent focal brain deficits affecting the comprehension abilities of patients while preserving their production abilities. Although a lot of studies in different languages have been conducted to analyze the nature of this deficit, still some controversies exist in this regard. While some research studies attribute this defect to a performance problem, some research highlight competence deficit and hypothesize qualitative problems. This research, considering the lack of sufficient literature in Persian, tries to reconcile this controversy by investigating the nature of the semantic field in Persian-speaking patients with Wernicke’s aphasia and to compare their semantic processing abilities with those of healthy controls.

In doing so, a semantic judgment task was administered to 10 patients with Wernicke’s aphasia and their age- and education-matched controls to recognize different semantic relations between a group of words whose meanings were related to each other in some way or another.

The results showed dissociation in the subjects’ performance. While patients with Wernicke’s aphasia had severe deficits in semantic judgment tasks, healthy control performed very well. This selective performance was also observed in different semantic pairs. Also, patients with Wernicke’s aphasia performed poorly in almost all classes of semantic pairs, but the severity of their problems was more prominent in certain semantic categories.

The findings, in line with a competence deficit hypothesis, suggest that linguistic items are processed in the mental lexicon as a semantic unit. Hence, linguistic items are categorized in a brain network correlating with each other based on different semantic relationships.

The present study is a case report of a 50-year-old man (SM) with aphasia whose word retrieval was severely impaired. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of a combined treatment program (attention training and language treatment) and a single program (language treatment alone) on the naming picture materials.

This case was affected by a hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident in the territory of Middle Cerebral Artery branches of the left hemisphere. Two naming treatments, i.e. the single and combined treatments sequentially, were provided for SM; during each of them a 50-item wordlist was practiced (Lists A and B). 12 treatment sessions were implemented for him during each treatment program. These two lists along with another list (List C), left for assessment of generalization of treatments to untrained items, were probed 6 times during and after each program. The whole picture set was normalized in another study described in the text.

Our patient’s naming ability progressed during the treatment programs. However, this progression was more salient in combined treatment program. More specifically, List B had the mean score of 34.25 in combined treatment program that was higher than mean of List A in single treatment program (14.5). The slope of List B scores was also higher than that of List A (3.7 vs 1.2). List C showed more generalization of combined treatment to untrained items than single treatment based on its mean scores (27 vs 18.5).

the observed improvements of naming ability were felt to be the result of combining attention training into the language treatment which is lead to sustained attention, less distraction and more concentration.

The prefrontal cortex is very susceptible to traumatic brain injury (TBI), upon which many cognitive and executive functions including planning, information processing, language, memory, attention, and perception will be impaired. Working memory (WM) is associated with high levels of cognitive processes such as language and naming process communication. In the present study, the correlation between WM and confrontation naming was investigated following TBI. The current research was a prescriptive-analytic cross-sectional study examining 20 TBI patients within the age range 18-45 years. The samples were selected from Iran, the city of Mashhad, between 2013 and 2016. The participants with a score 23 or higher in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed through Persian naming test and sub-tests from the Wechsler Memory Scale. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS16 software. There was a significant association between subtests of confrontation naming involving ‘Correct answers without cue’ and WM (P<0.05), ‘Wrong answers’ and WM (P<0.05), as well as ‘Total correct answers’ and WM (P<0.05). The present study indicated modest significant correlations between measures of confrontation naming and WM. These findings provide direction for future studies on the nature of naming deficits following brain injury.

  Based on recent studies, verb naming is more impaired than noun naming in patients with Parkinson Disease (PD). Noun and verb retrieval problems has been well documented in patients with cortical damage. To explore the possible contribution of cortex and subcortex areas in word finding test performance, we studied verb and object naming in patients with cortical and subcortical lesions. In this cross-sectional study, object and verb naming were examined in two patient groups, including patients with PD and patients with cortical stroke. The healthy control group was also matched on age and education with the patients. The non-parametric tests were performed to investigate the obtained data. Both the PD patients and patients with cortical stroke presented a significant impairment in their capacity to name objects and verbs, compared to the healthy controls (P<0.05). Both patient groups did not statistically perform differently on these tasks (P>0.05). There was also a significant difference between verb naming and object naming in both patient groups (P<0.001). The similarity between two patient groups and the difference between them and healthy individuals in language output, can denote the role of both cortical regions and basal ganglia in the language processing.

According to the research literature, there was a relationship between cognitive functions of attention and working memory and linguistic skills. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the improvement of the linguistic skills in 9-12 years old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
40 students in grade 4, 5 and 6 of a primary school in Miyane city were assigned equally and randomly to two intervention and control groups. The research design was experimental with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The language tests included; Thurston Verbal Fluency task, Token test of receptive language, Boston naming speed test, Assessment of Persian Reading Ability (APRA), verbal working memory subtest of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Attention Register task. Parental version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP-IV) questionnaire was used to screen ADHD. The intervention method was based on Attentive Rehabilitation of Attention and Memory (ARAM) with emphasis on attention and working memory. Mixed ANOVA statistical test was used to analyze the data.
The results showed that the linguistic skills assessed in the research which include naming (F=29.42, P=0.01), verbal fluency (phonological fluency: F=15.68, P=0.01; semantic fluency: F=13.73, P=0.01), reading abilities (alphabet reading 1: F=17.84, P=0.01; alphabet reading 2: F=27.07, P=0.01; word reading: F=19.82, P=0.01; reading ability: F=19.97, P=0.01; voice change: F=13.47, P=0.01; reading comprehension: F=36.85, P=0.01), comprehension (F=6.75, P=0.01), verbal working memory (direct digits: F=7.7, P=0.01; inverse digits: F=14.26, P=0.01) and attention (attention registration 1: F=10.23, P=0.01; attention registration 2: F=4.33, P=0.04) were improved, following the intervention.
Computerized Training of working memory and attention can enhance the language skills in children with ADHD. This result confirmed the role of attention and working memory on language skills.

Neural correlates of visual confrontation naming (VCN) have received considerable attention in previous literature. Recently, there have been a few studies that have reported the activation of the hippocampus during VCN tasks. Whether or not the hippocampus is directly involved in picture naming has clinical importance for patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) who should undergo anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR).
In this study, we investigated the neural network of VCN and the role of the hippocampus in Persian-speaking individuals by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) VCN paradigm.
Subjects and Twenty right-handed, healthy, Persian-speaking adults underwent fMRI while performing VCN task. Pictures were selected from a Snodgrass and Vanderwart dataset that was normed for Persian speakers. VCN performance was assessed and entered as a covariate in whole-brain analysis. Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis was also used to obtain more accurate results.
Activation in the left hippocampus was significantly correlated with VCN performance. Participants with higher scores showed greater fMRI activation in their left hippocampus. Activation in left occipitotemporal regions, such as the left occipital fusiform gyrus, left temporal occipital fusiform gyrus, left temporal pole, left middle temporal gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus also showed significant correlation with VCN performance. The main effects of VCN were also found in frontal and occipital regions, such as the left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right orbital frontal gyrus, right lateral occipital gyrus, right occipital fusiform gyrus, and right occipital pole. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus was significantly left lateralized among all of the subjects.
These findings suggest that good naming ability depends on fMRI activation in the speech-dominant hippocampus. We also found that a left-dominant network of occipitotemporal regions plays a dominant role in VCN performance in healthy Persian-speaking individuals.

Finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. The Homophone Meaning Generation Test (HMGT) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Persian version of the HMGT.
The first phase involved the adaptation of the HMGT to the Persian language. The second phase concerned the psychometric testing. The word-finding performance was assessed in 90 Persian-speaking healthy individuals (20-50 year old; 45 males and 45 females) through three naming tasks: Semantic Fluency, Phonemic Fluency, and Homophone Meaning Generation Test. The participants had no history of neurological or psychiatric diseases, alcohol abuse, severe depression, or history of speech, language, or learning problems.
The internal consistency coefficient was larger than 0.8 for all the items with a total Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. Interrater and intrarater reliability were also excellent. The validity of all items was above 0.77, and the content validity index (0.99) was appropriate. The Persian HMGT had strong convergent validity with semantic and phonemic switching and adequate divergent validity with semantic and phonemic clustering.
The Persian version of the Homophone Meaning Generation Test is an appropriate, valid, and reliable test to evaluate the ability to switch between verbal concepts in the assessment of word-finding performance.