جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "no (nitric oxide)" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"
جستجوی no (nitric oxide) در مقالات مجلات علمی
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Ischemia is a common condition in the population and has become one of the leading causes of mortality in recent years. It occurs due to a shortage of oxygen in the cell caused by inadequate blood flow, leading to the formation of free radicals. These free radicals can bind to the phospholipids in the cell membrane, resulting in proxy radicals and lipid hydroperoxidation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a cytotoxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation that causes cell damage and necrosis by rupturing the cell membrane. Subsequently, mitochondrial dysfunction related to fatty acid oxidation can develop, further exacerbating the damage caused by ischemia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in mitochondria have been shown to elevate oxidative phosphorylation disorder and disrupt the functioning of complexes I and IV. These enzyme activities can be restored to normal levels by activating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase, thereby strengthening the antioxidant defense system. Various antioxidants have been found to have protective effects. In this review, we compare the antioxidant effects of various plants and tannins that have been studied up to this point on myocardial ischemia. We also explain some of the cellular and molecular pathways that have been investigated to protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Keywords: Ischemia, Antioxidant, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), NO (Nitric Oxide), Cardioprotection, Tannins -
BackgroundThe fractional excretion of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been proposed as a noninvasive measure of airway inflammation. FeNO levels were assessed in this study to evaluate airway inflammatory characteristics in mustard airway disease (MAD).MethodsThirty-three MAD patients were involved in the study to determine the level of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and its relationship to lung function; 16 MAD patients with normal symptoms and 17 MAD patients with severe symptoms were identified from this sample. To regulate their condition, severe individuals were given inhaled corticosteroids.ResultsExhaled NO levels were greater in severe patients than in normal patients, but this was not significant. Furthermore, the findings revealed that FeNO concentrations were positively linked with carbon monoxide transfer factor in the severe group (TLCO). We were unable to find a link between pulmonary volumes and FeNO levels. We also found that 17% of patients in the severe category had FeNO levels greater than 40 ppb (cutoff point of FeNO for patients with asthma). Although, the severe group's usage of inhaled corticosteroids may lower FeNO levels.ConclusionBased on the FeNO results, we conclude that MAD is a diverse disorder. Exhaled NO was found to be able to detect the asthma phenotype in MAD, and FeNO was found to be a beneficial supplement to aid lung function during MAD evaluation. FeNO levels in MAD patients were similar to those in COPD patients.Keywords: exhaled nitric oxide, Mustard airway disease, Asthma phenotype, Mustard gas, FeNO
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BackgroundAsthma is a major source of global social and economic burden; thus, its early detection is important. Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been used recently considered a good indicator of asthma and also a sensitive and non-invasive method for monitoring airway inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the cut-off point of FENO for the diagnosis of asthma in the studied population.Materials and MethodsThe subjects of this cross-sectional diagnostic study were assessed by the FENO test, spirometry, and methacholine challenge test. The best cut-off point of the FENO for the diagnosis of asthma was determined. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using student t-test, and Chi-square test and the ROC curves were also drawn.ResultsThe mean FENO in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects was 43.5±33.41 and 17.5±21.48 ppb, respectively (P <0.001). The best cut-off point of the FENO based on the overall sensitivity and specificity was 39.5 ppb.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, symptomatic patients with FENO higher than 39.5 ppb could be considered as asthmatic.Keywords: Cut-off Point, Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Asthma
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Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been suggested as a non-invasive biomarker of airway inflammation, which is increased in atopic subjects. Whether sensitization to particular allergens is a predictive factor for increased FeNO levels is not yet fully understood. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. From October to December in 2015, the medical documents of 127 mild, steroid-naive asthmatic children and 34 healthy agematched children were enrolled in this study. The results of the FeNO measurements, skin prick test, and the spirometry were collected for analysis. Sensitization patterns to the 18 aeroallergens (5 categories: mites, molds, animal dander, pollen, and other) were determined in study population. A significant increase in FeNO level was observed in poly-sensitized asthmatic children (34.7 part per billion, (ppb) [28.3-41.1 p.p.b]), compared with mono-sensitized asthmatics (30.7 p.p.b [18.3-43.2 p.p.b]) and with non-sensitized asthmatics (17.3 p.p.b [10.8-24.5 p.p.b]). With sensitization to perennial allergens (mites, mold, and animal dander), blood eosinophil counts were significantly associated with increased FeNO (pKeywords: Asthma, Atopy, Exhaled nitric oxide, Perennial allergens, Sensitization patterns, Skin prick test
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Objective(s)Nitric oxide (NO), a product of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), contributes in germ cell apoptosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera gel (AVG) on male Wistar rat reproductive organ, serum NO level, and expression of iNOS gene in leydig cells.Materials And MethodsAdult male Wistar rats (n=36) were used for experiments in three groups. The experimental groups were orally administered with the AVG extract solution once-daily as follow: 150 mg.kg-1; group A, 300 mg.kg-1; group B, and only normal saline; group C (control group). They were mated with untreated females and the reproductive and chemical parameters were assessed for each group, including semen quality, serum testosterone, sperm fertility, gonad and body weight, serum NO concentration (by the Griess method), and iNOS gene expression (using RT-PCR).ResultsThe testes weight, serum testosterone, as well as sperm count and fertility of the AVG treated groups were significantly reduced when compared to the control (P<0.001). Concentration of serum NO was significantly increased (37.1±4.63 µM) in the administrated group with higher AVG concentration, compared to the control group (P<0.001; 10.19±0.87 µM); however, iNOS mRNA expression was increased in the treated animals (P<0.001).ConclusioniNOS may play a functional role in spermatogenesis via apoptosis, reducing sperm count, but further studies are needed to illustrate the mechanisms by which AVG exerts its negative effects on spermatogenesis and sperm quality.Keywords: Aloe vera gel, Inducible nitric oxide, synthase, Wistar rat, Testis
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Objective(s)The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has long been postulated to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Earlier studies showed that CGRP can stimulate the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines from trigeminal ganglion glial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 17β-estradiol in regulation of CGRP expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and NO and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) release in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with pure menstrual migraine and healthy individuals.Materials And MethodsThis study was performed on twelve patients with pure menstrual migraine and twelve age-and sex-matched healthy individuals. PBMCs treated with 17β-estradiol for 24 hr at physiological and pharmacological doses. Gene expression was evaluated by real time-PCR. CGRP and IL-1β proteins in culture supernatant were determined by ELISA method. Activity of iNOS in PBMCs and total nitrite in the culture supernatant were measured by colorimetric assays.ResultsTreatment with 17β-estradiol had a biphasic effect on expression of CGRP. We found that 17β-estradiol treatment at pharmacological dose significantly increases mRNA expression of CGRP in both groups (P<0.001), whereas at physiological dose it could significantly decrease CGRP mRNA expression (P<0.001), CGRP protein levels, IL-1β release, NO production and iNOS activity only in patient groups (P<0.05).ConclusionCollectively, it appears that 17β-estradiol can exert protective effect on decrease of inflammation in migraine via decrease in levels of CGRP, IL-1β and iNOS activity; however, more studies are necessary in this regard.Keywords: Calcitonin gene, related, peptide, Inducible nitric oxide, synthase, Neurogenic inflammation, Nitric Oxide, Pure menstrual migraine, 17β, estradiol
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مقدمهاز سیر با نام علمی Allium Sativum در طب سنتی ایران به عنوان درمانی برای بیماری های مختلف مانند عفونتها، سرطانها و... یاد شده است. نیتریک اکساید در طی پاسخ های ایمنی و التهابی تولید می شود. با توجه به اثرات متعدد سیر و اعمال مختلفی که نیتریک اکساید در بدن دارد برآن شدیم تا در این مطالعه اثر عصاره سیر را برسطح سرمی متابولیتهای نیتریک اکساید (نیترات و نیتریت) موشهای balb/c بسنجیم.مواد و روش ها30 سر موش balb/c ماده 6-8 هفته بطور تصادفی به 6 گروه تقسیم شدند. سه گروه موشهای گروه های دارو که روزانه 20میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم عصاره سیر و گروه های کنترل هم حجم آن سرم فیزیولوژی بصورت درون صفاقی دریافت می کردند. موشها در سه گروه مجزا 24 ساعت، یک هفته و دو هفته بعد از آخرین تجویز کشته شدند. بعد از تهیه سرم، میزان نیتریت و نیترات هر سرم با روش گریس سنجیده شد. نتایج بدست آمده با آزمون آماری تی- استیودنت بررسی گردید.نتایجسطح نیتریت اولیه سرمی 24 ساعت و یک هفته بعد از آخرین تجویز عصاره سیر 5/7 و 29 درصد و سطح نیترات+نیتریت 42 و 12 درصد، نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش یافته است. دو هفته بعد از آخرین تجویز نسبت به گروه کنترل نیتریت اولیه 5 /2 درصد کاهش ولی سطح نیترات+نیتریت به میزان 8/ 4 درصد افزایش یافته است. هیچ یک از اختلافات مشاهده شده با آزمون T-Test از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود.نتیجه گیریعصاره سیر موجب افزایش سطح سرمی متابولیتهای نیتریک اکساید می شود ولی این تاثیر از نظر آماری معنی دار نیست؛ و این اثر سیر تا دو هفته بعد ازتجویز باقی می ماند ولی به مرور زمان ضعیف می شود.
کلید واژگان: سیر, نیتریک اکساید سرمی, واکنش گریس, استونیتریل, موش balb, cBackground And ObjectiveAllium sativum or garlic belongs to Liliaceae family. Garlic has been used in the Iranian Traditional Medicine for treatment of different diseases like infections, cancers, digestion disorders and heart diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in immunity response and inflammatory conditions. According to immunomodulator effect of garlic, the effect of garlic extract on serum metabolites of NO (nitrite and nitrate) in balb/c mice was studied.Material And MethodsIn this experimental study, 30 balb/c mice (female, 6-8 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups (three groups received garlic and three groups as control). Each mouse received 20 mg/kg/day of garlic extract intraperitonealy for one week (mice in control groups received normal saline). Mice were killed at 24 hours, 1st and 2nd weeks after garlic extract treatment. Serum was prepared and nitrite and nitrate were assayed by Greiss method. Meanwhile, t test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsPrimary nitrite increased by 7.5% and 29% and nitrite +nitrate increased by 42% and 12% in 24 hours and one week after last injection, respectively. Primary nitrite decreased by 2.5% and nitrite +nitrate increased by 4/8% two weeks after last injection. All t-test values were not significant.ConclusionOne week administration of 20 mg/kg of garlic extract increases serum NO metabolites levels time dependently but not significantly and this effect weakens with time.Keywords: Allium sativum, Serum nitric oxide, Griess reaction, Acetonitril, Balb, c mice -
زمینه و هدفنیتریک اکساید یکی از ده مولکول کوچک لیپوفیلی است که توسط آنزیم نیتریک اکساید سنتاز (NOS=Nitric oxide synthasis) از اسید آمینه L-Arginine، O2 و NADPH(Reduced form of Nicotinamide-adenine)-dinucleotide phosphate) سنتز می شود. نیتریک اکساید(NO=Nitric oxide) دارای فعالیت های گسترده بیولوژیکی در سیستم های مختلف می باشد، به عنوان مثال در سیستم ایمنی، هم نقش محافظتی و هم نقش سیتوتوکسیک دارد و در سیستم قلبی عروقی به عنوان یک میانجی فیزیولوژیک و کنترل تونیسیته عروق نقش مهمی دارد. یکی از ایزوفرم های آنزیم NOS بنام iNOS(Inducible NOS) توسط محرکهای مختلفی از جمله لیپوپلی ساکارید(LPS=Lipopolysaccharides) که بخشی از غشای باکتری های گرم منفی است، تحریک شده که در نهایت منجر به تولید NO در مدت زمان طولانی می شود. از آنجایی که هر دو مولکول گلوکز و نیتریک اکساید در سیستم بیولوژیک دارای اهمیت هستند، در مطالعه حاضر سعی شد تا اثر لیپوپلی ساکارید بر میزان تولید NO و گلوکز در سرم خون موش صحرایی(رت) نژاد (SD(Sprague Dawley بررسی شود.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه تعداد 50 عدد رت نر نژاد SD دارای وزن متوسط 250 تا 300 گرم انتخاب شدند. رتها در پنچ گروه ده تایی تقسیم شدند؛ گروه های یک تا 3 به ترتیب 2/0، 4/0 و 8/0 میلی گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم از وزن لیپوپلی ساکارید از طریق تزریق داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند و گروه چهارم 8/0 میلی لیتر سالین به ازای هر کیلوگرم از وزن به صورت تزریق داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند و به گروه پنجم هیچ ماده ای تزریق نشد. پس از گذشت 24 ساعت از زمان تزریق، نمونه های خونی، جمع آوری و سرمها جدا شدند و سپس مقدار نیتریک اکساید، به روش گریس (Griess) و مقدار گلوکز، به روش کالیمتری اندازه گیری شد.یافته هانتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت LPS، مقدار نیتریک اکساید تولید شده در گروه های 1، 2و3 نسبت به گروه های کنترل، افزایش قابل ملاحظه ای داشته که بیش ترین مقدار آن مربوط به گروه 3 بوده است(P>0.05) و همچنین غلظت گلوکز نیز همگام با افزایش تزریق LPS در گروه های 1، 2و 3، افزایش نشان داد؛ بطوری که در گروه 3 افزایش قابل ملاحظه ای در مقایسه با گروه کنترل داشت(P>0.05).نتیجه گیریبنابراین به نظر می رسد که LPS موجب تحریک ایزو آنزیم iNOS و تولید NO شده، که افزایش نیتریک اکساید وابسته به دوز LPS بوده و افزایش NO، متعاقبا موجب افزایش گلوکز گردیده است.
کلید واژگان: لیپوپلی ساکارید, نیتریک اکساید, گلوکزBackground and AimNitric Oxide(NO) is one of the ten smallest lipophilic molecules synthesized from L-Arginine, O2 and NADPH by nitric oxide synthase enzyme(NOS). NO has various biological activities in different systems. For instance, it plays both protective and cytotoxic roles in immune system, while in cardiovascular system it has physiologic role which controls vascular tonicity. One of the NOS isoforms known as iNOS(inducible NOS) can be induced by variety of some gram negative bacteria membrane that leads to NO production for long period of time. Due to important biological roles of glucose and NO, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of LPS on the level of glucose and NO in serum of SD rats.Materials and MethodsIn this study 50 SD male rats with the average weight of 250-300 gram were chosen. Rats were divided into five groups(10 rats in each group). First group received 0.2mg/kg, second group 0.4mg/kg, third group 0.8 mg/kg LPS, fourth group 0.8ml/kg salin via IP injection and the fifth group did not receive any compound. After blood collection and separation of serum, NO level was measured by Griess reagents and glucose by colorimetric method.ResultsThe obtained results showed that with increased LPS injection, the level of NO increased in group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The latter group had the maximum level of NO as compared to control group(P<0.05). Glucose concentration increased significantly in third group(P<0.05).ConclusionIt is concluded that increased level of NO production was due to induction of iNOS enzyme by LPS and was dose dependent, and increased level of NO led to increased level of glucose concentration.Keywords: LPS(Lipopolysaccharide), NO(Nitric Oxide), Glucose
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