جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "policymaking" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

High‑quality health care is an important component of efforts to reach Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Given this pivotal fact, poor quality of care is a significant bottleneck in the endeavors of Iran to UHC. This study was part of a broader qualitative study and aimed to provide supplementary data about the documents related to the National Quality Policies and Strategies (NQPS) health services in the health system of Iran to determine the degree of alignment with the World Health Organization (WHO) approach for NQPS, and to track change and development over time.

This document analysis was performed following the READ approach for systematic document analysis in health policy research. Furthermore, qualitative content analysis following parallel forms of the mixed analysis in which the textual material proceeded with different inductive and deductive content‑analytical procedures simultaneously, applying the WHO practical approach for NQPS, was selected.

The 15 included records that met the inclusion criteria were released in the post‑Islamic Revolution period. The Ministry of Health was found as the most responsible authority for publishing the NQPS among the other authorities. Furthermore, 67% of NQPS was aligned with the goals and priorities of a broader national plan or policy. Contradictions, variations, and ambiguities were also found in the literature circumstances of the NQPS. There was no NQPS concentrated on the entire pathway of care in the Iranian health system, which developed according to the WHO approach for NQPS.

Qualitative analysis of the current NQPSs based on the eight inter‑dependent elements and critical supplements, the technical perspective of broad stakeholders, community engagement, and steady commitment of policymakers are our recommendations for future efforts towards having NQPS.

Educational policymaking is a kind of public policy that is done in order to achieve the goals of the educational system in fields areas such as education and students’ health. The purpose of this study was to determine the components of educational policymaking model in education. The method of the present study is systematic review. This is done using the SPIDER framework. The statistical population of the study included all related Persian and English articles published in the years 2010–2021 consisting of 98 articles that are indexed in ScienceDirect, Sage, Springer, Wiley, Eric, and PMC English language databases and SID, Irandoc, and Magiran Persian language databases. The research sample included 52 articles selected in the article screening stage. The number of Persian language references was 12 and English language references was 40. Sterberg thematic analysis was used for coding the selected texts of articles. Results of coding the selected texts of the articles showed that the components of the educational policymaking model are included in 11 themes: quiddity of policy and public policy, educational policy’s necessity, quiddity of educational policy, process of educational policy, consequences, factors, obstacles, stakeholders, evaluation criteria, and change in educational policies. Paying attention to all the dimensions and factors interacting in educational policy can lead to better education and improve the quality of education in all dimensions, especially in the field of health education.

Many efforts were made to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Such preventive measures, namely, social distancing, vaccination with foreign vaccines and supporting the domestic vaccine production, on-time diagnostic efforts and treatment of the infected put additional pressure on the health system and the country's budget. The COVID-19 crisis has subsided in the country recently, and now is the time to evaluate and review policies in various domains that were adopted during the crisis. Success in policies and implementation of programs is due to good governance which works in the context of a correct decision-making system. Moreover, efforts to reduce health inequality fall within this context. This note is written to emphasize the importance of policy coherence for the access of people to health through vaccination as a hot current issue in vaccination policymaking. Based on the country’s talented human resources and supporting knowledge-based companies, producing domestic vaccines seems to be a reasonable action that could be done through re-skilling or up-skilling as well as a partnership with pioneer companies. However at this point, one should evaluate and assess the outcomes and achievements of these policies and actions, especially in the field of domestic vaccine production. Moreover, the impact of cost-benefit ratio of such actions on the public health system should be evaluated for preparedness during the future pandemics

The purpose of this study is to design a model for the policy-making process in the education system of the Faculty of Medical Sciences at the Islamic Azad University.

The research method used in this study is mixed. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design is used to illustrate the methodological discussion. In the qualitative phase, data-based theorizing was done; and in the quantitative part, field research was fulfilled. The sample of the qualitative section consisted of 14 members of the board of trustees of the Azad University selected via purposive sampling.  As with the quantitative section, the statistical population was 110 faculty members of the Faculty of Medical Sciences at Mashhad Azad University from whom 86 ones were adopted through simple random sampling method.

The research findings related to the qualitative phase were the presentation of a policy model in the education system that includes 47 components, 19 subcategories, and 6 main categories. Further, the results obtained from the quantitative phase revealed that social entrepreneurship, as the central category of research, is above average in the educational system of the Faculty of Medical Sciences at Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch.

According to the theorizing in the research model, it can be concluded that conditions such as social surveying, centralized system, actors, and policy model cause social entrepreneurship to be formed as a central category in education system policy. Strategies such as knowledge-based economics, strategic management, effectiveness, and futures studies as strategies of the education system lead to inclusive employment, professional ethics, social responsibility, and training of skilled manpower.

Despite the importance and position of evidence‑based policymaking in the proper management of the health system, studies show that the lack or improper and untimely use of evidence are still one of the main challenges of health systems. Knowledge translation as a solution to this challenge is a process that includes a period of time that starts of decision to choose the research topic and continue to publish of research results, in which the interaction of the researchers and stakeholders is the key factor and the main axis of the process. Since the recognition and promotion of knowledge translation processes resulting from research in health system policy‑making will lead to the improvement of the health system, this review protocol was designed to identify factors affecting knowledge translation implementation, including barriers and facilitators of this process. Identifying these factors can be used as a guide for health system decision‑makers and research managers in planning to select appropriate policies for deployment of the knowledge translation process to increase the use of research results in the health system.

In 1985, the Iranian parliament approved the integration of Medical Education and Health Services and the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, which has since been the policymaker of Health Higher Education in Iran. The policies are not based on a codified framework and many were abolished at some point. Some critical issues are not addressed and some activities overlap. The purpose of the present study was to identify the content themes of core policies in the Iranian Health Higher Education system and provide a detailed policy orientation taxonomy.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2019 using the thematic content analysis of documents relevant to Higher Education and Health Higher Education, including upstream documents, and documents and enactments of the Deputy Minister of Education and its policy centers.

From 586 policy documents, six main themes or six core policy orientations in the Health Higher Education System were identified, including Development of Medical Education System Policies; Ensuring the Alignment of Operations with Policies; Policies Related to Medical Education Development; Value‑orientation; Networking and Development of Medical Education System Interactions; and the Development of Research, Management, and Translation of Medical Education knowledge.

Developing a taxonomy of Health Higher Education policy orientations helps policymakers identify the neglected and overstressed areas. It can provide education policymakers with categorized and comprehensive information to quickly access accurate information, make informed decisions, avoid mistakes, and increase productivity.

There is a lack of conceptual clarity about the role of delivering private hospital services (DPHS) accompanied by major gaps in evidence. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence regarding the developing countries to scrutinize the participation of DPHS exclusively in the universal health coverage (UHC) through providing graphical/tabular classifications of the bibliometric information, sources of the records, frequent location, contribution of the private hospital services in the health system, and roles of DPHS in UHC. This study was performed following the published methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute for the conduct of scoping review, applying some major databases and search engines. In addition, a narrative-thematic synthesis integrated with the systematic analysis using the policy framework of the World Health Organization was employed. The 28 included records in English which met the inclusion criteria were found between 2014 and January 2020. The chronological trend of records was progressive until 2019. India was the most frequent location (12%). China and Sri Lanka on the one end of the spectrum and Somalia along with South Korea from the other end were, respectively, the least and the most contributed countries in terms of DPHS. Overall, 90% of the roles were concerned with UHC goals. Although evidence has revealed inconsistency in the identified roles, a continuous chain of positive or negative effects in the UHC objectives and goals was observed. Some knowledge gaps about the roles, causes of the increasing and decreasing DPHS contribution, and its behaviors around the privatization types and circumstances of the delivery were recommended as prioritized research agendas for evidence-based policymaking in future.

Food environment plays a major role in health outcomes. A growing interest in community-based participatory research (CBPR) has led to its application in the improvement of the food environment. This scoping review aims to compile and map the literature and identify key strategies used for increasing community participation capacity in the food environment policymaking process  

The scoping review of peer-reviewed articles on community participation and food environment policymaking followed the framework suggested by Arksey and Ochr('39')Malley (2005). Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched. A charting table was developed to extract the key information of each identified study. A directed content analysis approach was used to assign retrieved codes into categories proposed by Foster-Fishman.

A total of 28 studies were included in this review. Most studies used the CBPR approach to involve the community at least in the problem identification step of the policymaking process (n=12) and 7 studies reported their involvement in all the steps of policymaking. In 15 out of 28 studies, the level of community participation was at “involvement” and in 8 studies it was at “empowerment”. Strategies for increasing relational capacity, member capacity, programmatic capacity, and organizational capacity of community participation were reviewed.

To improve food environment using the community-participation approach, identifying different strategies and adjusting them based on the social and political context of each society is of high importance.

Development plans aimed at macro-management planning in a country significantly impact all functional fields. This study investigated the status and significance of the health sector in the first to sixth economic, social, and cultural development plans in Iran. 

This was a review study using documentary analysis method. The review was conducted with an emphasis on purposefully selected upstream information. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by the second-hand documents, including authentic reports and published studies on this topic. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was run using content analysis.

There has been increasing attention to the health sector issues throughout development plans. Civil engineering, pharmaceuticals supply, and population control in the first and second plans; the extension of public insurance and service ranking in the third plan; formation of the Supreme Council of Health, and attention to medical emergencies in the fourth plan; targeting subsidies in the fifth plan; and policies to encourage population increase and reduce out-of-pocket expense have been the most critical concerns in the sixth development plan. 

Failure to achieve the expected results in the plans and repeating the same text in the following plan indicates the government’s poor commitment to some plan aspects provision, especially at a particular time. Moreover, they paid insufficient attention to international trends and health promotion issues. These issues must be an urgent concern in future development plans.

Cannabis abuse has been an issue of major concern for the Albanian society in recent years, following the wide illegal planting of the species. Legal lacunas, weaknesses from the drug-controlling agencies, and the easiness of harvesting Cannabis sativa plants have contributed to the creation of a general negative opinion toward a potential use of its active principles for medical purposes. Professionals of the field and policymakers are largely focused on harm reduction activities, thus bypassing the option of legalizing cannabinoids for clinical conditions that might find relief in their use.The discussion of a case suffering from postherpetic neuralgia shows how this negative opinion is depriving Albanian patients from an otherwise helpful pharmacological option whose efficacy has been confirmed by an important bulk of research. Uncovering the roots of this misperception will help address the issue. Clinicians with expertise need to have their say in the debate, since for the majority of countries where medicinal cannabis is legalized, this was due to consumer-led initiatives. Ensuring patients’ freedom as implied within the principle of autonomy is also a sound ethical support of such legalization.

This debate article highlights the major issues that should be considered in social studies in health, which could guide the policymakers to target the root causes of diseases and to better evaluate the impact of previous health interventions at community level. This is a prerequisite for a prosperous health system, and there is an urgent need for reliable and timely evidence for intervention on all social issues that could affect health.

Over the past decades, due to the high acceptance of patients in hospitals, the consequent relapse of the disease, the high cost of treatment and medication, the lack of coordination between the provision of hospital services and the needs of the community, the necessity of paying attention to the status of special patients and conducting a study for designing a suitable model in the country has been increased. Methods & Materials: This research is descriptive-correlation-exploratory and the data were collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. The research sample involves 392 persons in the quantitative section and 20 in the qualitative section. The research instrument was an open-ended questionnaire and a test; the data were collected using cluster sampling. A total of 7 factors were identified as the final model of health management services for special patients, including: policymaking and load factor planning (0.72), organizational structure (0.63), government intervention methods in financing (0.81), control mechanism (0.88), government intervention in the affairs of special patients (0.79), pharmaceutical and therapeutic support services and medical aids (0.69), and educational support and prevention services (0.68). Also, the fitting of the designed model is 0.027, indicating appropriate fit for the model. Providing health services to patients by government has a significant role in the patient health services management, and prevention-based education, identification of primary risk factors, and preventing the epidemics and applying the pattern of health services management to special patients with all dimensions and emphasizing the effective role of government control over the provision of services can lead to presenting executive strategies over time.