جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « risk » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
-
Aims
This study aimed to fire risk assessment and prioritize the preventive measures using a FRAME‑TOPSIS method in the Isfahan School of Health Library.
MethodsThis descriptive‑analytical study was conducted in 2023. First, the FRAME method was used to calculate this risk score in three areas: individuals, buildings and their contents, and activities. Second, the Fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the preventive measures. Finally, the TOPSIS method was applied to prioritize preventive measures. Excel 2019 was used for TOPSIS and Fuzzy Delphi, and FRAME was calculated by FRAME software.
ResultsThe results of the FRAME method showed the risk levels of fire for the Isfahan School of Health Library were unacceptable in individuals (R = 1.04) and activities (R = 1.32). The TOPSIS method revealed that the most important control measures for reducing fire risk levels in the library are installing an automatic fire alarm (0.732), improving electrical safety (0.694), and use of fireproof partitions (0.660).
ConclusionThe study library has identified a high level of risk, necessitating the thorough implementation of control measures. Moreover, the methodology presented in this study can be applied to other locations where fire safety is of paramount importance, including hospitals, buildings, and industries.
Keywords: Assessment, Delphi Methods, Fires, FRAME, Libraries, Risk, TOPSIS} -
Background
Over the past decade, Iranian households have experienced a decline in dairy product consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the population-attributable risk of prevalent non-communicable diseases related to dairy product consumption.
MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study involved 628 adults over 18 years old in Hamadan City in 2021. Clusters were selected based on comprehensive urban health centers. The standardized Iranian version of the food frequency questionnaire was used. Participants were categorized into 3 levels of dairy product consumption: >1 serving per day, 1–2 servings per day, and ≥3 servings per day.
ResultsThe mean age of the 628 participants was 38.05 (SD: 12.5), with 42.36% being male. Cheese (54.5%), yogurt (39.7%), and milk (30.4%) were consumed most frequently. The prevalence of insufficient dairy product consumption was 48.6%, higher than that reported in previous studies. Insufficient dairy product consumption was associated with hypertension (9.3%), cardiovascular disease (5.6%), and osteoporosis (5.1%).
ConclusionIndividuals with lower education levels, female gender, lowest quartile of socioeconomic status, and those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease were more likely to have insufficient dairy product consumption. Insufficient dairy product consumption was associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.
Keywords: Food-Processing Industry, Dairy Products, Biomedical Research, Methods, Humans, Population, Risk, Hypertension, Epidemiology, Etiology, Cross-Sectional Study, Iran} -
Background
Ecological conditions can change infection routes and increase the risks of outbreaks. The aim of this study is risk assessment of foodborne disease outbreaks based on dispersed regional climatic and demographic variables in Yazd Province, Iran.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data of temporal climatic parameters and regional demographic factors linked to bacterial foodborne diseases were addressed. A multi-level regression analysis model was used to detect associations between the risk of outbreaks and ecological risk factors; the relationships were verified using (P<0.05).
ResultsSignificant associations were observed between the outbreaks and age )P<0.001(, community type (P<0.001), temperature (P=0.04), rainfall (P=0.03) and dust pollution (P<0.001) in scattered parts of the province. The maximum rate of outbreaks was seen in spring, while the frequency of the outbreaks increased during April and October, compared to other months of the year (2012–2016).
ConclusionConsequences have revealed interventions of the environmental exposures in transmissions of microbial agents by complex ecological processes that caused the outbreaks.
Keywords: Climate, Environment, Disease outbreaks, Risk, Iran} -
Environmental Risk Assessment of a Hydrocracker Unit in Abadan Oil Refinery Using the EFMEA AnalysisBackgroundThe aim of risk assessment is to use a rational method to analyze risks and to identify the possible hazards and outcomes for people, equipment, materials, and the environment.MethodsThe criteria and indices for assessing the environmental, health, and safety risks of the hydrocracker unit were determined by a Delphi questionnaire in this study. Then, an Environmental Failure Mode and Effects Analysis was applied to evaluate, score, and rank the risks based on their probability of occurrence, severity, probability of detection, extent of pollution, and potential of recycling.ResultsAccording to the results of the Delphi process, 19 out of the 22 items were identified as the main criteria in the environmental, health, and safety risk evaluation of the hydrocracker unit at the Abadan Oil Refinery. However, the results indicated that 67% of the risks associated with the life cycle operation were low while 33% of them were high in terms of intensity. In contrast, 75% of the risks associated with control room operators were low and 25% were high in terms of intensity. On the other hand, 64, 7, and 29% of the risks associated with the activities of site employees were low, moderate, and high in terms of intensity, respectively, while the corresponding figures were 14, 29, and 57% in the case of risks associated with repairs.ConclusionBased on the results of techniques of environmental failure modes and effects analysis (EFMEA) and Delphi, appropriate methods can be used to identify and reduce risks in similar industries.Keywords: Environmental health Risks, Pollution, EFMEA Method, risk, Hydrocracker Unit}
-
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is significant due to its global impact on public health and life situations. It has led to widespread infections and strained healthcare systems, causing significant loss of life. The pandemic has underscored the urgent need for effective measures to control its spread and protect communities worldwide.
ObjectivesThe main goal of this research was to evaluate the clinical symptoms, risk factors, and manifestations linked to COVID-19 among the vaccinated healthcare worker (HCW) population under study.
Materials and MethodsThe study population comprised HCWs with respiratory symptoms who received three doses of vaccination homogeneously. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was conducted on nasopharyngeal and nasal swab samples using a one-step RT-PCR. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also evaluated immunoglobulin G antibody levels.
ResultsAmong the most commonly reported symptoms, general fatigue, fever, and cough were the most prevalent, divided by vaccine type. Furthermore, among the associated risk factors, concerns about transmission to other family members, anxiety, and depression were found to be prominent.
ConclusionThe study findings highlight that the vaccine type is associated with clinical manifestations. Additionally, the result reveals the significant contribution of occupational roles to the experiences of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings emphasize the need for tailored support systems to address the diverse challenges faced by HCWs, such as concerns about transmission, anxiety, and occupational stress.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, Clinical manifestation, Risk} -
Background
Among non-communicable diseases, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke are the most common cause of death in the world. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between risk level and preventive behaviors of heart in people aged 30 to 60 years of Jiroft city in 2022.
MethodsThis research was a cross-sectional study. The population under study is 383 middle-aged individuals (30-60 year) of Jiroft city with the combined sampling method. The data collection tools was reseacher made, included demographic questions, risk perception questionnaires, and preventive behavior questions for MI and stroke. Information was analyzed by SPSSv21 software and further analyzed with descriptive statistics tests, chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test at level 0.05.
ResultsThe participants' average age was 41.26 ± 8.32 years. The highest percentage (51.4%) of middle-aged individuals had a risk level between 10 and 20% for cardiovascular diseases. The study investigated a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between risk level, risk perception, and preventive behaviors for MI and stroke. Smoking and physical activity failed to reveal a significant correlation (p > 0.05), but other dimensions of preventive behaviors correlated positively and significantly with the total score of preventive behaviors (p < 0.01).
ConclusionAccording to study findings, risk perception plays a significant role in influencing preventive behaviors for MI and stroke. It is recommended to conduct educational interventions to enhance understanding of the actual risk of MI and stroke, particularly among individuals with a high-risk assessment level. This would encourage the adoption of preventive behaviors in this population.
Keywords: Risk, Perception, Preventive, Behavior, Myocardial infarction, Stroke} -
زمینه و هدف
هدف بررسی حاضر پاسخ به سوال PICO زیر است: "خطر خونریزی در بیمارانی که داروهای ضد انعقاد خوراکی مصرف می کنند و تحت عمل جراحی دهان با یا بدون قطع درمان آنتی ترومبوتیک قرار می گیرند، چیست؟" بر این اساس، با انجام این مطالعه متاآنالیز، هدف ما تعیین خطر خونریزی در حین و بعد از جراحی دندان در بیماران تحت درمان ضد انعقاد، و همچنین ارایه راهنمایی هایی است که به متخصصان دندانپزشکی در تصمیم گیری آگاهانه بالینی کمک می کند، می باشد.
مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه متاآنالیز، ما جستجوهایی را برای مطالعات کارآزمایی بالینی واجد شرایط در مرکز کتابخانه کاکرین (واحد مرکزی کارآزمایی های کنترل شده کاکرین) و Medline (Ovid وEMBASE) از پایگاه های داده ای ذکر شده با کلید واژه-های جراحی دهان، اگزودنتیا و نصب ایمپلنت دندان، خطر حوادث خونریزی دهنده و مترادف آنها و ضد انعقاد خوراکی (آنتاگونیست های ویتامینK) انجام دادیم. تجزیه و تحلیل برای هر ضد انعقاد و نتیجه مورد انتظار انجام شد. برای مطالعاتی که پیامدهای دوگانه را گزارش کردند، خطر نسبی (RR) همراه با فاصله اطمینان 95% محاسبه شد. اثرات تصادفی مرتبط با متاآنالیز با استفاده از نرم افزار STATA (نسخه 1/10) تعیین شد.
یافته هانتایج یک تا سه برابر بیشتر خطر خونریزی را در بیمارانی که وارفارین مصرف می کنند در مقایسه با بیمارانی که استفاده از داروهای ضد انعقاد را در حین عمل قطع کرده بودند (67/1=RR و 89/2-97/0:CI) و بعد از عمل (44/1=RR و 92/2-71/0:CI) نشان داده اند.
نتیجه گیریخطر خونریزی حین و پس از جراحی در بیمارانی که داروی ضد انعقاد خود را قطع نکنند، نسبت به بیمارانی که داروی خود را قطع نمایند، در حین اعمال جراحی مینور دهان و دندان وجود دارد؛ با این حال، یافته ها باید با احتیاط تفسیر شوند و مطالعات جدید در مورد این موضوع باید آغاز شود.
Introduction & ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to answer the following PICO question: "What is the risk of bleeding in patients who take oral anticoagulants and undergo oral surgery with or without discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy?" Accordingly, by conducting this systematic review, we aim to determine the risk of bleeding during and after dental surgery in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy, as well as provide guidance that will assist dental professionals in making informed clinical decisions.
Materials & MethodsIn this meta-analysis study, we performed searches for eligible clinical trial studies in the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Unit for Controlled Trials) and Medline (Ovid and EMBASE) from the databases listed with the keywords oral surgery, extradontia and implants. We performed dental implants, the risk of bleeding events and their synonyms, and oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists). Analyzes were performed for each anticoagulant and expected outcome. For studies that reported dichotomous outcomes, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval was calculated. Random effects associated with meta-analysis were determined using STATA software (version 10/1).
ResultsOne to three times higher risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin compared to patients who stopped using anticoagulants during the operation (RR=1.67 and CI: 0.97-2-2.89) and after surgery (RR=1.44 and CI: 0.71-0.2-92) have shown.
ConclusionsThere is a risk of bleeding during and after surgery in patients who do not discontinue their anticoagulant medication compared to patients who discontinue their medication during minor oral and dental surgery; however, the findings should be interpreted with caution and new studies on this topic should be initiated.
Keywords: Bleeding, Risk, Oral, Dental Surgery, Meta-Analysis} -
Objective
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS). There are a few articles studying the risk factors of developing MS in men. Male infertility can stem from a range of etiological factors such as genetics or environment. In the context of MS, research suggests a potential link, possibly due to shared immunological and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the relationship between male infertility and MS development.
Materials and methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, web of science, Google scholar and gray literature including references of the references as well as conference papers which were published up to June 2021. The search strategy in PubMed was ("Infertility, Male"[Mesh] OR [Male Infertility] OR [Sterility, Male] OR [Male Sterility] OR [Subfertility, Male] OR [Male Subfertility] OR [Sub-Fertility, Male] OR [Male Sub-Fertility] OR [Sub Fertility, Male]) AND ("Multiple Sclerosis"[Mesh] OR [Sclerosis, Multiple] OR [Sclerosis, disseminated] OR [Disseminated Sclerosis] OR [MS] OR [Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating]) AND ("Testicular Diseases"[Mesh] OR [Disease, Testicular] OR [Diseases, Testicular] OR [Testicular Disease]) AND ("Multiple Sclerosis"[Mesh] OR [Sclerosis, Multiple] OR [Sclerosis, disseminated] OR [Disseminated Sclerosis] OR [Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating] OR [MS]).
ResultsThe literature search revealed 197 articles, after deleting duplicates 109 remained. For the meta-analysis, 3 studies were included. Totally, 2090 MS cases as well as 3895562 healthy subjects were enrolled. One hundred and fourteen infertile men were in MS group and 139716 infertile men were in controls. The pooled OR for male factor infertility and odds of developing MS was1.87 (95% CI: 0.89-3.94) (I2=86.1%, P=0.001).
ConclusionThe results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that there is no relationship between male factor infertility and risk of MS.
Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Infertility, Risk} -
Background & Objective
The safety of women during childbirth and personnel working in maternity care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic is a priority for the health system. Hence, good risk management practices need to be implemented to reduce the spread of infection between healthcare workers and pregnant women who have contracted COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a risk map for managing dyspneic parturients suffering from COVID-19-related pneumopathy during delivery.
Materials & MethodsThis study focuses on examining potential risks beforehand in the context of the management of a dyspneic parturient suffering from COVID-19-related pneumopathy during delivery, executed using the method FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis); this was conducted from September to December 2021 in the maternity service of the Hospital Center ElJadida, Morocco.
ResultsThe risk analysis of a dyspneic parturient suffering from COVID-19-related pneumopathy during delivery revealed thirteen failure modes. Proposed are corrective measures aimed at addressing the failure modes of criticality class C3 whose vital risks are linked to the care of the dyspneic parturient suffering from COVID-19-related pneumopathy at the level of the reanimation service and the level of the neonatal intensive care unit.
ConclusionEmploying risk mapping is a fundamental instrument for the ongoing enhancement of quality to maximize the safety of the parturient care process by changing the organizational culture from a reactive to a preventive approach.
Keywords: COVID-19, delivery, Dyspneic, Mapping, Parturient, Pneumopathy, Risk} -
Background
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) are frequently encountered in patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries. This study evaluated the utility of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) to predict MACE in elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) undergoing noncardiac surgeries.
MethodsThis comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care center in India between November 2016 and August 2018. A total of 136 consecutive patients (aged ≥60 years) presenting for noncardiac surgeries under general/spinal/regional anesthesia in the departments of surgery, orthopedics, or gynecology were included in the study. Patients with chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 and those receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for renal failure were excluded from the study. Peripheral blood samples for BNP and cTnI were obtained within 24 h preoperatively. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of MACE, defined as the composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest at 6 days postsurgery.
ResultsThe mean age of patients was 69.41 ± 7.56 years. Females comprised 54.1% of the study population. During the perioperative period and follow-up of 6 days, 12 MACE were recorded. Preoperative cTnI levels alone or both cTnI and BNP together (cTnI levels >0.07 ng/mL and BNP levels >40 pg/mL) increased significantly in the patients who experienced MACE (P < 0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristics curve for cTnI and BNP for predicting perioperative cardiac events was 0.817 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.646–0.988; P < 0.001) and 0.520 (95% CI 0.337–0.704; P = 0.817), respectively.
ConclusionsIn elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries, a preoperative assessment of BNP and cTnI may help in the assessment of MACE.
Keywords: Heart failure, mortality, natriuretic peptide, risk} -
زمینه و هدف
خط مشی ها پس از تدوین و تصویب، برای اجرا به مدیران ابلاغ می گردند. عوامل متعددی منجر به شکست اجرای خط مشی های نظام سلامت می شود. در این پژوهش به شناسایی و اولویت بندی این عوامل پرداخته شده است.
روش پژوهش:
این پژوهش کاربردی و از حیث راهبرد، پیمایشی است. جامعه تحقیق را 21 نفر از صاحب نظران حوزه ی سلامت در وزارت بهداشت و دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی تشکیل داده اند که از طریق نمونه گیری غیر تصادفی و هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده، مصاحبه و پرسشنامه بوده و جهت تحلیل داده ها از تکنیک واکاوی حالات نقص و اثرات آن و روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است.
یافته هادر این تحقیق تعداد 4 بعد از عوامل شکست اجرای خط مشی نظام سلامت شامل ابعاد حاکمیتی، مدیریتی، محیطی و تامین منابع مالی و 23 مولفه از ابعاد مذکور شناسایی شد. همچنین مهم ترین عوامل شکست شناسایی شده با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و تکنیک واکاوی حالات نقص و اثرات آن اولویت بندی و ارزیابی شد.
نتیجه گیریآنچه در این تحقیق به عنوان عوامل شکست در اجرای این خط مشی ها بیان شد، با توجه به شناخت آن ها می توان به ارتقاء ظرفیت اجرای خط مشی های نظام سلامت کمک کرد.
کلید واژگان: خط مشی گذاری, نظام سلامت, تحلیل سلسله مراتبی, ریسک}BackgroundAfter the policies are formulated and approved, they are communicated to the managers for implementation. Several factors lead to the failure of health system policies. In this research, these factors have been identified and ranked.
MethodsThis was an applied research, and in terms of strategy, it was a survey. The research community consisted of 21 experts in the field of health in the Ministry of Health and universities of medical sciences, who were selected through random and targeted sampling. The tools of data collection were interviews and questionnaires, and to analyze data, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used.
ResultsIn this research, 4 dimensions of failure factors regarding the implementation of the health system policy were identified, including governance, management, environmental and financial resources, and 23 components of the mentioned dimensions were identified. Moreover, the most important identified failure factors through AHP and FMEA were prioritized and evaluated.
ConclusionKnowledge of failure factors can help to improve the capacity of the implementation of health system policies.
Keywords: Policy making, health system, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), risk} -
مقدمه
ارزیابی ریسک از موضوعات مهم در صنعت بیمه است که می تواند به عملکرد بهتر شرکت های بیمه ای منجر شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارایه الگوی ارزیابی ریسک پوشش ناهنجاری های جنین بیمه های تکمیلی در صنعت بیمه ایران به منظور شناسایی عوامل موثر و میزان تاثیر هر کدام با رویکرد آمیخته انجام شده است.
روش بررسیاین پژوهش، براساس نحوه گردآوری و ماهیت داده ها، اکتشافی-توصیفی و از نظر هدف، توسعه ای-کاربردی است. بخش کیفی، با مصاحبه عمیق با 14 نفر از خبرگان صنعت بیمه و پزشکان متخصص و به روش داده بنیاد در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری و کدگذاری انتخابی الگوی کیفی در نرم افزار MAXQDA صورت گرفت. در بخش کمی، داده هایی که با استفاده از پرسشنامه از 67 کارشناس صنعت بیمه گردآوری شد، با روش مدل معادلات ساختاری و به کمک نرم افزار SMART-PLS مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. پایایی و روایی روش کمی به ترتیب با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و تحلیل عاملی محاسبه و تایید شد.
یافته هادر بخش کیفی، شش عامل اصلی شامل ویژگی های والدین، ویژگی های گروه بیمه شده، عوامل محیطی، عوامل علمی و فناوری، عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی و عوامل مربوط به صنعت بیمه شناسایی شد و 36 شاخص نیز به عنوان عوامل موثر بر ریسک پوشش بیمه ناهنجاری های جنین تعیین گردید. یافته ها نشان داد 32 شاخص از 36 شاخص، از نظر آماری مورد تایید است و هر شش عامل شناسایی شده نیز تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر ناهنجاری جنین دارد.
نتیجه گیرینتایج مطالعه موید این است که ویژگی های گروه بیمه شده بیش ترین تاثیر را بر ریسک پوشش بیمه ناهنجاری های جنین دارا هستند. لذا شرکت های بیمه جهت پوشش ریسک مذکور باید به شاخص های تحصیلات، وضعیت جغرافیایی، ترکیب جمعیت شناختی و ترکیب جنسیتی افراد گروه بیمه توجه ویژه ای داشته باشند.
کلید واژگان: ناهنجاری جنین, نرخ حق بیمه, پوشش ناهنجاری جنین, ریسک}IntroductionRisk assessment is one of the important issues in insurance industry that can lead to better performance of insurance companies. The aim of this study is to provide a risk assessment model for the coverage of fetal malformations of supplementary insurance in the Iranian insurance industry in order to identify the effective factors and the extent of the impact of each with a mixed approach.
MethodsThis research is exploratory-descriptive based on the way of data collection and is developmental-applied in terms of purpose. The qualitative section was conducted with in-depth interviews with 14 insurance industry experts and specialized physicians using the data method of the foundation in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding in MAXQDA software. In the quantitative section, the data collected using a questionnaire from 67 insurance industry experts were measured by the structural equation modeling method using SMART-PLS software. The reliability and validity of the quantitative method were calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively.
ResultsIn the qualitative section, six main factors including parental characteristics, insured group characteristics, environmental factors, scientific and technological factors, cultural and social factors, and factors related to the insurance industry were identified, and 36 indicators as factors affecting risk of coverage fetal malformations insurance. Findings showed that 32 indicators out of 36 indicators are statistically confirmed and all six identified factors have a positive and significant effect on fetal malformations.
ConclusionThe results confirm that the insured group characteristics have the greatest impact on the risk of insurance coverage for fetal malformations. Therefore, in order to cover the mentioned risk, insurance companies should pay special attention to the indicators of education, geographical status, demographic composition, and gender composition of the members of the insurance group.
Keywords: Fetal Malformation, Premium Rate, Fetal Malformation Coverage, Risk} -
مقدمه
سرطان کولورکتال یک مشکل سلامت جهانی است. اکثر بیماران با تشخیص زودهنگام قابل درمان هستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین عوامل موثر بر غربالگری سرطان کولورکتال براساس مدل پیشگیرانه سلامت در شهر قم انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش کاراین مطالعه به روش توصیفی - مقطعی روی 300 نفراز افراد بالای 50 سال، مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه بیمارستانهای آموزشی شهر قم در سال 1400 انجام شد. روش نمونه گیری به صورت در دسترس و ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه سازه های مدل سلامت پیشگیرانه و مشخصات جمعیت شناختی و پزشکی بود. داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و رگرسیون لجستیگ چندگانه تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته هامیانگین و انحراف معیار سن شرکت کنندگان 10/68±57/67 بود و 48/8 درصد از ایشان را مردان تشکیل می دادند. اکثریت شرکت کنندگان در مورد تشخیص زودرس سرطان کولورکتال آگاهی نداشتند و تنها 11 درصد آزمایش های تشخیص زودرس سرطان کولورکتال انجام داده بودند. رابطه مثبت معنی دار بین سن، سابقه خانوادگی مثبت ابتلا به سرطان، آگاهی و تاثیر اجتماعی با تشخیص زودرس سرطان کولورکتال وجود داشت.
نتیجه گیرییافته ها نشان داد که آگاهی، سن، سابقه خانوادگی مثبت ابتلا به سرطان و تاثیر اجتماعی از عوامل موثر بر تشخیص زودرس سرطان کولورکتال بودند. از نتایج مطالعه حاضر میتوان در تدوین برنامه های سیاستی و آموزشی به منظور افزایش انجام رفتارهای تشخیص زودرس استفاده نمود.
کلید واژگان: غربالگری, سرطان کولورکتال, مدل پیشگیرانه سلامت, در معرض خطر}Payesh, Volume:22 Issue: 6, 2023, PP 709 -718Objective (s)Colorectal cancer is a significant global health issue, but early diagnosis can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, using a preventive health model.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 300 individuals over the age of 50 who were referred to the clinics of teaching hospitals in Qom, Iran in 2022. The convenience sampling method was utilized, and data was collected using the Preventive Health Model (PHM) Scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were employed for data analysis.
ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 57.67±10.68 years, with 48.8% being male. A majority (76.2%) of the participants had no knowledge about early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and only 11% had attended for early diagnosis. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between age (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10), positive family history of cancer (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10), knowledge (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 7.06), and social influence (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.77) with early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
ConclusionThe findings suggest that knowledge, age, positive family history of cancer, and social influence are important factors in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The findings can be utilized to develop policies and educational programs aimed at promoting early diagnosis behaviors.
Keywords: Screening, Colorectal Cancer, Health Preventive Model, Risk} -
سابقه و هدف
هدف تحقیق عوامل موثر بر مدل ارتقاء سواد ریسک های سلامت، ایمنی و محیط زیست (HSE) است. سازمان ها بدون کارکنان سالم و ایمن نمی توانند کار کنند. سواد سلامت به این موضوع پرداخته است که آیا فرد با الزامات پیچیده ارتقاء و حفظ سلامت در جامعه مدرن همخوانی دارد یا خیر.
روش کارمحقق با به کارگیری رویکرد مرور نظام مند و فراترکیب، به تحلیل نتایج و یافته های محققین قبلی دست زده و با انجام گام های 7گانه روش ساندلوسکی و باروسو، به شناسایی عوامل موثر پرداخته است. از بین 556 مقاله، 55 مقاله بر اساس روش CASP انتخاب شد همچنین روایی تحلیل با مقدار ضریب کاپا 0.711 تایید گردید. در این زمینه به منظور سنجش پایایی و کنترل کیفیت، از روش رونوشت استفاده گردید که مقدار آن برای شاخص های شناسایی شده در سطح توافق عالی شناسایی شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده های گردآوری شده در نرم افزار MAXQDA منتج به شناسایی 84 کد اولیه در 16 مقوله در 5 بعد شد.
یافته هادرنهایت ابعاد 5گانه برنامه ریزی، مفاهیم توسعه سواد، اجرایی سازی آموزش، ارزیابی و بازنگری به عنوان ابعاد تاثیرگذار بر روی سواد ریسک های سلامت، ایمنی و محیط زیست شناسایی شد.
نتیجه گیریسازمان ها می توانند با تمرکز بر روی این عوامل در راستای ارتقا سواد ریسک های HSE به عنوان یکی از عوامل پیشگیرانه و بهبوددهنده تصمیم گیری در میان کارکنان خود اقدام نمایند. آنچه می توان از مقوله ها و ابعاد برداشت نمود، عدم امکان ارتقا متوازن و متناسب سواد ریسک های HSE در یک سازمان توسط یک فرد و یک بخش و حتی خود سازمان به تنهایی است. ارتقا سواد ریسک های HSE درگرو توجه و مساعدت عوامل فرا سازمانی، سازمانی و فردی است.
کلید واژگان: ریسک, سلامت, ایمنی و محیط زیست, سواد سلامت, سواد ایمنی, سواد محیط زیست}Background and AimThe purpose of the research is to investigate the factors affecting the model of health, safety and environmental (HSE) risk literacy. Organizations can’t work without without healthy and safe employees. Health literacy deals with the issue of whether a person meets the complex requirements of promoting and maintaining health in modern society.
MethodsThe researcher has analyzed the results and findings of previous researchers by applying a systematic and meta- combination approach and by performing the 7 steps of the Sandelowski and Barroso method; he has identified the effective factors. Among 556 articles, 55 articles were selected based on the CASP method, and the validity of the analysis was confirmed with the Kappa coefficient value of 0.711. In this context, in order to measure reliability and quality control, the transcription method was used, and its value was identified for the indicators identified at the level of excellent agreement. The results of data analysis collected in MAXQDA software led to the identification of 84 primary codes in 16 categories in 5 dimensions.
ResultsFinally, five dimensions of planning, concepts of literacy development, implementation of education, evaluation and revision were identified as influencing dimensions of health, safety and environmental risk literacy.
ConclusionOrganizations can focus on these factors in order to improve the literacy of HSE risks as one of the preventive and improving decision- making factors among their employees. What can be inferred from the categories and dimensions is the impossibility of balanced and proportional promotion of HSE risk literacy in an organization by one person and one department and even the organization itself alone. Improving the literacy of HSE risks requires the attention and assistance of extra-organizational, organizational and individual factors.
Keywords: Risk, Health, Safety, Environment, Health Literacy, Safety Literacy, Environment Literacy} -
Background & Aim
Breach awareness in relation to types, mitigation, and reporting should be a routine part of infection prevention training. Understanding breaches can reduce the risk of disease transmission to staff and communities when contextualized to the infectious disease, environment, and situation. At a large-scale Australian COVID-19 quarantine facility, this study examined the core personal protective equipment and infection prevention breaches new quarantine workers identified during their site orientation to inform future breach training.
Methods & Materials:
Through the application of a qualitative approach, the project implemented a descriptive thematic analysis to identify the different types of breaches staff presented. An additional summative content analysis method was applied to determine if the breaches staff identified were breaching and if the risk level staff allocated to the breach was mapped to the risk of disease transmission. Data were collected from 30 orientation sessions and included 603 breach risk responses for analysis.
ResultsThere were five core breach areas identified: donning and doffing of personal protective equipment, failure of personal protective equipment or lack of equipment, environmental factors, staff behaviors, and resident behaviors. The breach allocations by staff demonstrated knowledge deficits across health and non-health staff in disease transmission, particularly in the actual level of risk for transmission.
ConclusionBreaches awareness in relation to types, mitigation, and reporting should be a routine part of infection prevention training. The five areas of breaches present an adaptable foundation to base infection prevention breach training for any health facility. When contextualized to the communicable disease, environment, and situation, understanding breaches can reduce the risk of disease transmission to staff and communities.
Keywords: breach, infection prevention, quarantine, personal protective equipment, risk, training} -
Background
The scattered radiation from the treatment volume might be more significant for children than for adults because of life expectancy. The present study used biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR) VII models to estimate radiation-induced secondary cancer risks in irradiated organs following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) in children. Both excess absolute risk (EAR) and excess relative risk (ERR) models were used to estimate the secondary cancer risks of eye lenses, thyroid, parotid, breast, and region overlying ovaries.
Materials and MethodsIn this expository cross-sectional study, from 45 patients who were examined, 16 patients age under 18 years (mean age of 9.6) met the criteria for entering the study in Shahid Ramezanzadeh Hospital in Yazd underwent whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) using COMPACT accelerator. Measurement was performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). After radiation therapy, the secondary cancer risk in these organs was calculated.
ResultsThe organ dose mean values in female patients were 1.8±0.1, 1.65±0.61, 1.47±0.04, 0.1±0.03, and 1.58±0.52 cGy in the eye lenses, parotid, thyroid, breast, and region overlying ovaries, respectively and 2.7±0.6, 0.76±0.17, 0.6±0.05, and 0.005±0.002 cGy for eye lens, parotid, thyroid, breast, and testis of male patient, respectively. The ERR and EAR were estimated after 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years for eye lens, parotid breast, and ovary/testis for female/male.
ConclusionHigher risk values were found for eye lenses and thyroid. The scattered rays decreased by increasing the organ distance from the treatment radiation field.
Keywords: Dosimetry, Neoplasms, Pediatrics, Radiation, Radiotherapy, Risk} -
Context:
Risk management in hospitals is essential for improving healthcare quality. This study analyzed the characteristics of risk management programs implemented in operating rooms of hospitals across countries worldwide.
Evidence Acquisition:
This study was a scoping review of online database studies, includingWeb of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Springer, ProQuest, Iranian SID, and Magiran databases and the Google Scholar search engine. Three people independently performed the study selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis among studies that reviewed risk management programs in health systems and those conducted outside the health system. Articles in non-English languages (including Persian) were excluded.
ResultsA total of 21 studies with similar purposes and data collection methods were included. The characteristics of risk management programs were classified into six main factors: Objectives, components, steps, results, prerequisites, facilitators of risk management programs, and 35 sub-factors.
ConclusionsThe conceptual framework of any risk management program should include at least the objectives Risk eradication, safety promotion, qualityimprovementandpreventionandreduction of risks, component: Communicationandmonitoring; steps: (1) Preoperative evaluation during (logging); (2) evaluation during surgery; (3) post-surgery evaluation (logout); and the results Achieving effective methods in reducing errors; prerequisites: Human resource, knowledge and information, and facilitators such as the use of monitoring technologies and error detection and reporting in the operating room.
Keywords: Risk, Risk Management, Operating Room} -
Background
Using bone turnover marker (BTM) monitoring to identify “quick losers” who may develop osteoporosis in the coming years is one of the main challenges in clinical practice. This study was implemented to examine the association of BTMs with bone mineral density (BMD) as well as to determine their relationship with the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in women in the postmenopausal period.
Materials and MethodsThis study was observational cross?sectional research that was done on women between the ages of 50 and 65 who were in the postmenopausal period. A dual?energy X?ray absorptiometrywas applied to select 120 eligible women with normal BMD and 120 women without normal BMD. BTMs were assessed using enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Osteoporosis’s Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated using a confounder?adjusted logistic regression model. The area under curve was calculated for the differentiation of low BMD in the postmenopausal period through receiver?operator characteristic (ROC) curves. To assess the probability of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture for the future 10 years, FRAX was applied.
ResultsHigher serum osteocalcin (OC) (OR: 1.134, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.086–1.184), osteopontin (OP) (OR: 1.180; 95%CI: 1.105–1.261), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (OR: 1.007; 95%CI: 1.001–1.144) concentrations were potential risk factors for developing low BMD in women after menopause. The area under curve (AUC) (95%CI) for OC, OP, and ALP was 0.75 (0.668–0.8130), 0.75 (0.685–0.812), and 0.602 (0.524–0.670), respectively. ROC analysis indicated that at the cut?off point of 16.28 ng/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 70.3% and 70.9%, respectively, for OC. Furthermore, at the cut?off point of 28.85 ng/mL, the sensitivity of 70.3% and specificity of 66.6% were obtained for OP. The serum OC and OP were significantly related to hip and major osteoporotic fractures (P < 0.05).
ConclusionThe higher serum concentration of OC, OP, and ALP had significant associations with lower BMD. These BTMs can be complementary tools and helpful in the postmenopausal period as measures for screening of bone loss and possible bone fracture.
Keywords: Bone density, bone fracture, bone turnovers, menopause, risk, screening} -
سابقه و هدف
شناسایی ریسک های زنجیره تامین خون می تواند جهت اجتناب از رخداد شکست هایی که ممکن است بر کل زنجیره تامین اثر گذاشته و عملکرد آن را مختل نماید، موثر واقع گردد. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی و رتبه بندی ریسک های موثر بر زنجیره تامین خون در شرایط پاندمی کرونا بود.
مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی، بر اساس پیشینه پژوهش و مصاحبه با 7 نفر از خبرگان که دارای سمت مدیریت در مراکز انتقال خون بودند، 37 ریسک شناسایی شدند. سپس با توزیع پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بین 113 نفر از کارکنان مراکز انتقال خون، احتمال وقوع و شدت تاثیر ریسک ها بر اهداف ارزیابی و ارزش هر ریسک محاسبه شد و با استفاده از ماتریس ریسک، 21 ریسک بحرانی انتخاب شدند. در نهایت ریسک ها با روش مقایسه زوجی و با استفاده از نرم افزار 11 Expert choice وزن دهی و رتبه بندی شدند.
یافته هانتایج نشان داد سطح جمع آوری خون با وزن 417/0، بیشترین ریسک را در میان سطوح زنجیره تامین خون دارا است. هم چنین ریسک های خطای برنامه ریزی جمع آوری خون (وزن=192/0)، عدم رعایت ایمنی در هنگام اهدای خون (وزن=124/0)، اطلاع رسانی های نادقیق و ایجاد هیجان کاذب (وزن=09/0)، خطای برنامه ریزی تقاضا (وزن=072/0) و کمبود خون (وزن=072/0) رتبه های اول تا پنجم را در بین ریسک های بحرانی به خود اختصاص دادند.
نتیجه گیریسطح جمع آوری خون و در نتیجه میزان موجودی خون بیشترین ریسک را در شرایط پاندمی کرونا متحمل شدند که با برنامه ریزی در جهت اطلاع رسانی مناسب و جلوگیری از ایجاد هیجانات کاذب می توان تا حدود زیادی از تاثیرات منفی آن بر زنجیره تامین خون کاست.
کلید واژگان: ریسک, پاندمی ویروس کرونا, سلامت زنجیره تامین خون}Background and ObjectivesIdentifying blood supply chain risks can be effective to avoid failures that may affect the entire supply chain. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the risks affecting the blood supply chain in the Corona virus pandemic.
Materials and MethodsIn this study, 37 risks were identified based on the background of the research and interviews with 7 experts who had management positions in blood centers. Then, by distributing a researcher-made questionnaire among 113 employees of blood centers, the probability of occurrence and the severity of the impact of risks on the variables and value of each risk were calculated, and 21 critical risks were selected by using the risk matrix. Finally, the risks were weighted and ranked by pairwise comparison method using Expert Choice 11 software.
ResultsThe results showed that the level of blood collection with a weight of 0.417 bears the highest risk in the blood supply chain. Risks of blood collection planning error (weight = 0.192), failure to comply with safety during blood donation (weight = 0.124), inaccurate information and creating false excitement (weight = 0.09), planning error demand (weight = 0.072) and blood shortage (weight = 0.072) ranked first to fifth.
Conclusions :
The level of blood collection and as a result the amount of bloodstock bears the greatest risk in the corona pandemic, which can be largely avoided by planning for appropriate information sharing and preventing the creation of false emotions. This can greatly reduce negative effects on the blood supply chain.
Keywords: Risk, COVID-19 Pandemic, Blood Supply Safety} -
Objective
Recognition of probable risk factors for cardiovascular disease is crucial in non-CAD patients for preventive programming. The purpose was determination of 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients without current cardiovascular disease.
Material & MethodsIn this observational study that was performed as a diagnostic survey, 606 consecutive patients without current cardiovascular disease, referring to Modarres and Loghman Hospitals, Tehran, Iran in 2017 and 2018 were enrolled and ASCVD plus score determined the 10-year cardiovascular disease among them.
ResultsThe results in this study demonstrated that mean ASCVD plus score was 13.1 ± 14.9 points. Among cases 284 (40.9%), 67 (11.1%), 154 (25.4%), and 137 (22.6%) patients were in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The mean risk was higher in men, diabetics, smoker, users of anti-hypertensive, statins, and aspirin, older, with higher blood pressure, and also with higher total and LDL cholesterols.
ConclusionTotally, according to the obtained results in current study, it may be concluded that 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease is relatively high among patients without current cardiovascular disease. This matter shows the importance of routine screening in such population.
Keywords: CVD, Risk, General population}
- نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شدهاند.
- کلیدواژه مورد نظر شما تنها در فیلد کلیدواژگان مقالات جستجو شدهاست. به منظور حذف نتایج غیر مرتبط، جستجو تنها در مقالات مجلاتی انجام شده که با مجله ماخذ هم موضوع هستند.
- در صورتی که میخواهید جستجو را در همه موضوعات و با شرایط دیگر تکرار کنید به صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته مجلات مراجعه کنید.