جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sedentary » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Inactivity can reduce the serum level of some markers such as nesfatin-1 and irisin, which have positive effects on reducing inflammation and insulin resistance. Thyme is a plant whose extract has various properties, including anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with thyme supplementation on the serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 in sedentary young girls

In this quasi-experimental study, 48 young girls were randomly divided into four groups of HIIT, thyme, HIIT+thyme, and control group. Thyme supplement was taken in the form of 20 mg soft capsules, half an hour before each meal. Serum levels of nesfatin-1 and irisin were analyzed using specific ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and paired t statistical tests with a significance level of 0.05.

The serum level of irisin before the test (p=0.685) and after the test (p=0.556) was not significantly different among the studied groups. The post-test values of nesfatin-1 were significantly different among the groups (p<0.001).  Intra-group evaluation showed that the changes of nesfatin-1 in the control and thyme groups were not significant (p>0.05). However, a significant increase in nesfatin-1 was observed in HIIT (p<0.001) and HIIT + thyme groups (p=0.001) after the interventions.

The increase of nesfatin-1 was one of the favorable effects of HIIT exercises with or without thyme consumption. Irisin levels were not affected by exercise or thyme supplementation.

Various factors in the body, such as omentin-1 (an adipokine of fat tissue) and FGF21 (an endocrine hormone with anti-inflammatory properties), decrease after periods of inactivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and thyme supplementation on the serum levels of omentin-1 and FGF-21 in sedentary young girls.

In this clinical trial, 48 young girls were randomly assigned to four groups (n=12 each): HIIT training, thyme supplementation, HIIT + thyme, and control. Serum samples were collected at two time points: pre-test and post-test. Serum levels of omentin-1 and FGF21 were analyzed using specific ELISA kits.

The results showed that there was no significant difference in serum omentin-1 levels before (P=0.505) and after (P=0.542) the test in all four groups. However, post-test FGF-21 levels varied significantly among the groups (P=0.014). Post-test results indicated that FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in the HIIT + Thyme group (P=0.019; effect size=0.465), HIIT group (P=0.049; effect size=0.406), and thyme group (P=0.037; effect size=0.424) compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant increase in the FGF-21 levels was observed in the thyme (P=0.001), HIIT (P=0.002), and HIIT + thyme (P=0.003) groups after the interventions.

The study suggests that the increase in FGF-21 is a beneficial outcome of HIIT exercises with or without thyme supplementation. Combining HIIT exercises with thyme supplements may lead to a greater increase in FGF-21 levels. However, further research is required to confirm these findings.

The aim this study was to investigate the effect of sedentary lifestyle on Telomere system of mice skeletal muscle.

The subjects were C57BL/6 mice (n=24) that were randomly divided into four groups: Base control (n=6), control (n=6), LIIT (n=6), and HIIT (n=6) groups. The exercise includes 5 days a week for 8 weeks and then kept inactive for 4 weeks. The factors were measured after DNA and RNA extraction using Real time-PCR method. The data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA test.

The results of this study showed that there wasn’t a significant difference between the expression of TRF1 gene in ST and FT muscles (P=0.825), sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.062) and the interaction between muscle type and sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.408). There was no significant difference between the expression of TRF2 gene in ST and FT muscles (P=0.073), sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.309) and the interaction between muscle type and sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.093). In general, There was no significant difference between the telomere length in ST and FT muscles (P=0.763), sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.053) and the interaction between muscle type and sedentary lifestyle type (P=0.651).

Applying sedentary lifestyle types, including inactivity after High and low-intensity exercise, affects the telomere system in skeletal muscle in both muscles the same. It seems that the effect of inactivity in people with an experience of exercise with different intensities does not have a different effect on the type of skeletal muscle tissue.

Sedentary lifestyle causes overweight in women, obesity in women is associated with the development of physical problems and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, anxiety and personality disorders and Osteoarthritis is one of the effects of inactivity in women (2).Cross-fit training, which is a combination of resistance and explosive training, has shown a greater increase in speed and physical strength compared to traditional training methods (6). High-intensity exercise training and short rest periods in cross-fit exercise have resulted in fitness and improve muscle strength, muscle endurance, aerobic fitness, and body composition (7). These exercises affect the four components of health-related physical fitness (aerobic fitness, physical fitness, body composition and flexibility) athletes (8). Some studies have examined the effect of cross-fit exercises on some physical and anthropometric parameters, but have stated conflicting results. Women athletes who have combined cross-fit training with their training have experienced many improvements in professional sports (9). Smith et al (2013) reported that cross-fit improved aerobic and muscular endurance, and that fitness factors altered the vo2max of young women after a 10-week period of cross-fit training compared to traditional exercise (11). However, in Patel et al (2008) study on overweight and obese adults, no significant changes in body composition were observed after 8 weeks of cross-fit training (12). Also, in Blocker et al (2015) study, conventional training methods were compared with new training methods, including cross-fit training in healthy men after 6 weeks. In this study, it was concluded that although significant difference in strength improvement was observed, but there was no significant difference in terms of improving cardiovascular endurance (24). Knowing effective training methods can play an important role in preventing disease progression and reducing treatment costs in sedentary people. Therefore, the study of safe and effective methods to maintain and develop physical fitness for a wide range of people has always been the focus of researchers. Cross-fit exercises are useful for everyone and compared to other traditional training programs, this type of exercise requires less time (14). As mentioned, studies on the effect of cross-fit exercises on physical and anthropometric parameters in some cases have different results and the reports are ambiguous. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in physical fitness factors and some anthropometric indices of inactive young women following eight weeks of cross-fit training.

In this semi-experimental study, 20 inactive young women (age 24.9±2.40 years, Body mass index 22.2.2±7.7 kg/m2) from the Shiraz city were purposefully and accessibly selected and randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The experimental group performed cross-fit exercise program 3 sessions per week, each session 60 minutes with intensity of 50 to 60% of the maximum repetition for 8 weeks. Changes in physical fitness factors and anthropometric indices of subjects were measured using Rockport test, sit-ups, 4×9 meters agility shuttle run, 45-m sprint and Sargent jump test. Data were analyzed by independent and dependent t-test at the p<0.05.

The results showed that cardiorespiratory endurance (40.4 vs. 33.9), trunk muscle strength (34.1 vs. 24.5), speed (6.81 vs. 8.07), lower muscle power (36.6 vs. 29.8) and agility (13.4 vs. 16.6) increased significantly in the exercise group compared to the control group. Also, after 8 weeks, body mass index, waist circumference and pelvic circumference in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p=0.001).

The findings of the present study show that eight weeks of cross-fit training improved cardiorespiratory endurance, torso muscle strength, speed, lower torso muscle strength and body agility. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (11, 15-18). Although the physiological mechanisms of changes in post-fit fitness have not yet been identified, it is possible that exercise specificity may play a role in the metabolic adaptations observed in these changes (22, 23). Improving cardiorespiratory endurance can be specific to the type of activity. In the present study, cardiorespiratory endurance is similar to the improvement in VO2max observed following resistance training or moderate to high intensity running (24). In fact, the variety of cross-fit exercise programs can explain these results. The increase in torso muscle strength after cross-fit training in the present study is similar to the Goins study, which showed 12%, 13% and 8% improvement in weight lifted during Deadlift 1-RM, squats and shoulder presses after six weeks of cross-fit training, respectively. Reported in recreational exercise (15). In the present study, weights of about 50 to 60% of the maximum repetition of individuals were used and an improvement in trunk muscle strength was observed compared to the control group, while some studies have shown that cross-fit training can be compared to resistance training, according to ACSM guidelines can further increase muscle strength measured by the Margaria-Kalamen test (28). Some studies have also reported that people who exercised according to ACSM guidelines developed greater improvements in cross-fit guidelines. Experience muscle strength (measured by standing length jumps) (29). The number and duration of cross-fit training sessions per week has the greatest effect on changing body composition. In one study, during two sessions of cross-fit training with participants, training showed that experience level was a determining factor in achieving progress (9). on the other hand, even when exercise was a useful tool for maintaining body mass. Diet plays a key role in improving these parameters. Finally, comparing the present results with the results of previous studies, the initial level of physical fitness factors can play an important role in post-program changes. In trained subjects, the capacity to improve these parameters may be less than the capacity of sedentary participants. Cross-fit exercises were one of the strengths of the present study; This is because this type of exercise can have different answers and adaptations than other exercise programs. However, understanding the effects of cross-fit training on fitness requires more research. There were some limitations in the present study, such as not measuring other indicators of physical fitness, measuring body composition (adipose tissue and lean body mass) and muscle damage following this type of exercise. It can help to better explain and interpret the results in sedentary women, and ultimately diet is a limiting factor in achieving changes in body composition, so controlling the diet during the exercise protocol can provide an understanding of the results obtained. This is a research weakness suggested by future studies to measure these factors in sedentary women. According to the results, Cross-fit training could possibly improve the fitness and anthropometric indices of inactive women.

In 2019, a new type of infectious disease of the respiratory tract broke out caused by a new coronavirus that was genetically very similar to the SARS virus. The disease, which is caused by the Covid-19 virus, has spread rapidly around the world and is currently affecting many countries around the world (1). This epidemic has also caused physical health concerns; it also causes a number of psychological illnesses, including stress and anxiety (3), which can affect the quality of life of patients and even the general public. The part of the population affected by COVID-19 is children. Children of all ages are sensitive to COVID-19 and there is no significant sex difference between boys and girls. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 cases in children are generally lower than in adult patients, young children, especially infants, were vulnerable to infection (10). Children are part of the population who spend most of their time in Covid-19 due to the protection and prevention of Covid-19 disease, as well as the change in education style towards virtual and distance education, as well as the closure of schools in some areas. They spend time at home. Due to the restrictions on the presence of children outdoors, such as schools and training centers and sports clubs, and on the other hand, changing the educational style and turning the educational system to using distance education methods, students also use From electronic devices such as phones, tablets and computers, as well as watching educational programs by radio and television, and the combination of these factors can promote sedentary lifestyle in children. However, due to changes in educational methods and parentschr('39') desire to control and protect children more, their presence in group activities and outdoors has decreased, which causes more inactivity of these children, which can cause some complications in this population.

The present study is a review study based on information collected from Internet sources such as Google Scholar and PubMed using the keywords COVID-19; Heath; Children; sedentary; Physical Fitness was performed.

Recent data from the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that out of 44672 COVID-19-approved cases since February 112020416 (0.9%) are in the age range of 0-10 years and 514 people (1.2%) were in the age range of 10-19 years (9). Children of all ages are sensitive to COVID-19 and there is no significant sex difference between boys and girls. Most epidemiologists agree that many of the successes in controlling the virus in China and elsewhere have been due to the swift action taken by the authorities to impose quarantine on most people. Although a quarantine period is the best option and recommendation for stopping rapidly spreading infections, it may have side effects on other aspects of health in patients with health-related risk factors (13). Children are part of the population who spend most of their time in Covid-19 due to the protection and prevention of Covid-19 disease, as well as the change in education style towards virtual and distance education, as well as the closure of schools in some areas. They spend time at home. Due to the restrictions on the presence of children outdoors, such as schools and training centers and sports clubs; And also, changing the educational style and turning the educational system to using distance education methods also leads students to use electronic devices such as phones, tablets and computers, as well as watching educational programs by radio and television. These factors can promote sedentary lifestyle in children. Data from 27 countries show a decline in childrenchr('39')s global performance in the 20-meter shuttle test over the past few decades (17); which shows the role of sedentary behaviors in reducing the physical fitness of children around the world.  Regular physical activity has been accepted as an effective preventive measure for various types of health risk factors in all different age, gender, ethnic and socio-economic groups (21, 22). However, in all age groups, the level of physical activity is low (21) and the rate of obesity is still increasing (21, 23). Given that the Covid-19 epidemic increases sedentary behaviors, especially in the pediatric population, it can have negative and irreversible effects on their health, but given that the epidemic has recently spread. But so far, most researches have examined the descriptive and analytical results regarding the incidence and pathology of this disease and due to the short life span of this disease so far regarding the chronic complications of this disease such as chronic diseases and long-term complications due to light change. Life has not been studied on the level of health of different populations.

Due to the prevalence of Covid-19 virus and preventive measures against the spread of the disease, it may lead to increased sedentary behaviors and decreased physical activity and the presence of students outside the home. On the other hand, it has been found that spending time outdoors and playing increases metabolism as well as weight control in children (31, 32) and of course reducing it can lead to weight gain and obesity and diseases related to childhood obesity and Affect the level of health of children. On the other hand, sedentary and obese behaviors can reduce physical fitness and also impair motor development in children, which in addition to motor complications cause secondary problems such as metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases at older ages. Given that increased physical activity and play can improve health-related problems in children, there is a need for preventive programs to prevent sedentary lifestyle and increase mobility in this age population, which can have positive effects on childrenchr('39')s health. . Due to the problems associated with Covid-19 disease and the effects of behavioral change caused by this disease on physical fitness and health of children, no research has been done so far and our knowledge about the effects of sedentary behaviors due to lifestyle changes is limited. The amount of physical activity, the type of physical activity, the intensity and volume of exercises and how to implement physical education programs are limited according to modern teaching methods, and more research is needed in this regard.

Aging reduces the physiological function of the body and perturbs the gait. On the other hand, based on the previous studies, regular physical activities postpone these perturbations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pilate's exercises on some lower extremity kinematics parameters in healthy sedentary middle age women during walking.
A total of 20 healthy middle-aged sedentary women, between 50-45 years old, were purposefully selected to participate in the present study. In pre-test, each participant placed on a treadmill, then she walked on the treadmill for one minute. Then, the final 30-second of walking was recorded using the two-dimensional motion analysis system with 6 cameras at 120 Hz speed rate. Then, participants performed eight weeks of Pilates which was followed by a post-test similar to the pre-test. The Cortex software was used for data processing. Statistical analyses of data was performed using SPSS, version 22, running a paired T-test at a significant level of 0.05. Then, The desired parameter, including the hip, knee, and ankle motion range during the swing and stance phases were measured. Moreover, hip, knee, and ankle joint angles at both the heel contact and toe off moments were evaluated. Finally, the length step parameter was extracted, as well.
The results showed no significant differences between the evaluated parameters.
The present study showed that the eight weeks of Pilates training does not affect the lower extremity kinematics during walking in healthy sedentary middle-aged women. This must be due the fact that the aging physiological problems in middle aged women are less than those in the elderly.

Studies have shown that acute exercise can increase serum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers, including brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The aim of this study was to compare of the effects of two types of acute continuous (CE) and intermittent aerobic exercises (IE) on serum BNP concentration and myocardial workload in sedentary men.
Subjects and Eleven sedentary healthy men aged 22.3±1.9 years completed this semi-experimental study. The study was designed as a crossover trial performed on two distinct experimental days separated by a 1-week washout period. Each session consisted of 40 min of aerobic exercise, either IE (60% of reserve heart rate) or CE (intensity alternating between 50% for 2 min and 80% for 1 min), on a treadmill. Measurement of variables were taken before and immediately after each exercise session.
Serum BNP concentration changes after both types of exercises was not significant (P>0.05) and there was no significant difference in BNP concentration between CE and IE (P=0.21). In addition, myocardial workload increased significantly following both exercise protocols (P=0.001) but there was no significant difference between CE and IE values (P=0.2).
According to the results of this study, there was no difference between intermittent and continuous exercises on serum BNP concentration and both types of exercises imposed the same myocardial workload. Increase in BNP was lower than the upper reference limit for ventricular dysfunction.

One of the major problems threatening the world’s people are cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 30% of the deaths. The factors exposing people to this danger are called risk factors.
This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein between active and sedentary elderly men.
The study was a descriptive comparison of two groups that were conducted in Rasht city in 2015. The subjects of this study consist of 30 active elderly men and 30 sedentary elderly men who were selected non-randomly and purposefully. Inclusion criteria of research for active subjects were have regular physical activity at least six months and don’t use cigarette and pills that affect profile lipids and inclusion criteria for sedentary subjects were don’t have regular physical activity and also don’t use cigarette and pills that affect profile lipids. The measured cardiovascular risk factors of subjects include fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glycated haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The statistical methods used for data analysis are Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-student, and U Mann-Whitney with significance level less than 0.05.
Findings: The t-student exam shows that cardiovascular risk factors, including FBS, TG, TC, HDL, VLDL, HbA1c, and CRP, in active elderly men are lower than sedentary elderly men. This difference is also statistically significant (P≤0/01).
The study showed that cardiovascular risk factors in active elderly men are less than sedentary ones. However, 80% of active elderly men had still at least one or several cardiovascular risk factors.

High levels of inflammatory markers are associated with several chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Exercise and physical activity is accepted as a sterategy to reduce these diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks resistance and aerobic training on resting levels of tumor necrosis factor-&alpha (TNF-&alpha), interleukin-1&beta (IL-1&beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sedentary overweight men.

Thirty sedentary men with average ages 26.6±2.9 yr, and body mass index 28.3±1.8 kg/m2, randomly were assigned to resistance training (n=10), aerobic training (n=11), and control (n=9) groups. Fasting blood sample were collected before and after 10 weeks from intervention, and resting levels of cytokines were measured. Also body mass index, waist to hip ratio, body fat percent, maximal strength and maximal oxygen uptake was estimated. Resistance training program consists of 7 exercises at 70-80% of 10-repetition maximum in each exercise, and aerobic training included cycling on ergometer at 70-80% maximal heart rate for 10 weeks and three sessions per week.

After 10 weeks resistance and aerobic training despite a decrease in the average, no significant change was observed in resting levels of TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 (p˃0.05). VO2max showed significantly increase, body fat percent and waist to hip ratio significant decrease in both training groups, and maximal strength significant increase only in resistance training (p˂0.05).Discussion &

These results indicated that 10 weeks resistance and aerobic training with moderate intensity and volume are not sufficient to reduce inflammatory cytokines in sedentary healthy overweight men. It can be concluded that the probable reason for not reducing of this cytokines is because of the normal concentrations in baseline and the subjects being young.