جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sensorineural hearing loss » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Background and Aim:

 Inner ear infection with some viruses may be one of the possible causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL). This study aims to determine the frequency of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in perilymph and peripheral blood samples of cochlear-implanted children.

Methods: 

In this cross-sectional study, 30 children with severe-to-profound SNHL (aged 1.1–5 years) underwent cochlear implantation surgery. During surgery, their perilymph and peripheral blood samples were collected. The samples were analyzed separately for the presence of herpes HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The load of IgG and IgM antibodies against these viruses was determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.

Results: 

The frequency of CMV in perilymph samples was 16.7% (5 patients) and in peripheral blood samples was 3.3% (1 patient). The IgG antibody against CMV and HSV- 1 was positive in 80% and 46.7% of the patients, respectively. The IgM antibody against CMV was positive in 10%. The mean IgM serum antibody load against HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV was 2.70, 1.70, and 5.47, respectively, and the mean IgG antibody load against these viruses was 56.07, 2.50, and 23.67, respectively.

Conclusion: 

The IgG test is positive in cochlear-implanted children with CMV in their perilymph samples, and the CMV genome is not present in their peripheral blood. This may indicate the previous presence of this virus in the ear and its role in hearing loss.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) reduces audibility and causes distortion, which result in difficulty with speech processing, especially in noisy environments. One of the new speech-in-noise tests is the Words-in-Noise (WIN) test. This study aimed to further investigate the Signal-to-Noise Ratio 50% (SNR-50) in subjects with mild to severe SNHL and different configurations using the Persian version of the WIN test compared to normal-hearing people.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 patients with SNHL aged 17– 75 years and 49 normal-hearing people aged 20–48 years. The auditory recognition in the presence of multi-talker babble noise was evaluated by the Persian version of the WIN test (named ARWIN).

The mean SNR-50 in the normal-hearing group was 2.56±1.2 dB, which increased significantly in subgroups with mild (10.13±4.8 dB), moderate (14.51±4.7 dB) and moderate-to-severe (16.61±4.3 dB) SNHL (p<0.001).

People with SNHL need more SNR by nearly 4–6 times than the normalhearing group for recognition of monosyllabic Persian words in the presence of multi-talker babble noise.

 Currently, there are few studies on the relationship between COVID-19 and the auditory system. In the current study, a review of the studies conducted in the fields of etiopathology, clinical manifestations, research, and treatment of hearing loss caused byCOVID-19 was conducted, which can be used as a baseline for future studies.

 We utilized the research approach suggested by Arksey and O’Malley to carry out this scoping review. Search was conducted in Farsi and English with a focus on the onset of hearing loss in patients with COVID-19 through Medline and PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine. Studies included were those involving adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who experienced hearing loss, ear pain, ear discharge, and otitis media. Studies were eligible for inclusion if there was a description of the otologic dysfunction, specifically onset, duration, or clinical outcomes.

 Among 90 studies identified, 35 studies were included in the review process. Our findings suggest several possible mechanisms for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in COVID-19 patients, and COVID-19 infection could have deleterious effects on the inner ear, specifically on the hair cells of the cochlea despite patients being asymptomatic and early identification of SSNHL in COVID-19patients can save the hearing and also patient.

 Hearing loss in COVID-19 infection has not received much attention by health care professionals. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), tinnitus, and/or vertigo have been shown to occur during and following COVID-19 infection. Due to lack of research studies, and the inconsistency and even contradictory of the findings, it remains questionable whether COVID-19 contributes to the high incidence of hearing loss. The proper understanding of the mechanisms behind hearing loss in COVID-19 infections needs further research. However, it seems likely that SNHL could be included among the manifestations of those-called “long COVID” syndrome.

Ear symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis can range from ear fullness and otalgia to conductive or sensory neural hearing loss and sudden deafness. Cochlear implantation in these patients faces two challenges: access to the round window and control of mastoid and middle ear inflammation. The combined approach in cochlear implantation is a classic trans-facial recess approach facilitated by a trans-canal view.

Case Report:

 In this case report, we present the "combined approach" in a 20-year-old lady with granulomatosis with polyangiitis who underwent cochlear implantation successfully using the combined approach.

Post-operative results suggest that the “combine approach” seems to be a safe, easy, and fast cochlear implantation technique for chronic otitis media with an atelectatic middle ear and retracted tympanic membrane or narrow facial recess space. It is a single-stage surgery that has no need for the obliteration of the ear and has less morbidity.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common intrauterine viral infection, affecting up to 2.5% of live births worldwide; it is also the most common non-hereditary cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants.

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of cCMV and the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss at a large referral hospital in Tehran.

In our cross-sectional study, all infants born between March 2019 and April 2020 (one year) at Mahdiyeh Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were enrolled in the present study, and their urine samples were collected forCMVPCR in the first 2 days of life. PCR test results divided these infants into two groups, with and without congenital cytomegalovirus infection. For both groups, the otoacoustic emission screening test (OAE) was performed at birth and one month of age; the auditory brain response test (ABR) was then performed for infants with hearing impairment.

Urine samples of 859 were collected for cytomegalovirus PCR testing; 70.3% of specimens were from male infants. Neonatal urine samples were tested for the presence of cytomegalovirus by PCR; 847 of the specimens (98.6%) were negative, and 12 (1.4%) were positive for cytomegalovirus, CI: (95%). The prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection was 1.18% in girls and 1.49% in boys, revealing no significant difference between the two groups. All infants with congenital cytomegalovirus infection were full-term, between 38 and 42 weeks of gestational age. The first OAE test was impaired in 4 cases (33%) with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

In our study, congenital CMV infection prevalence was 1.4%. We recommend hearing screening tests (OAE and AABR) be performed for all neonates. If impaired, the infant should also be evaluated for cCMV infection in addition to auditory follow-up. It is recommended that this study be continued in a multicenter manner with a larger number of samples and a longer period to fully evaluate the prevalence of complications in cCMV.

Identification of ocular manifestations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can have a large impact on the outcome and treatment of pediatric patients. Due to the common co-incidence of ocular manifestations and SNHL in children, both ophthalmologic and hearing loss screening and routine examinations must be conducted to minimize adverse outcomes and worsening of pathology. Early evaluation and diagnosis is imperative for intervention and further development of the patient. Coincidence requires a thorough evaluation that includes a comprehensive history, examination, and diagnostic testing. In this article, a literature review was conducted to analyze the presentations of various diseases and syndromes, such as Alport Syndrome, Waardenburg Syndrome, Norrie Disease, Usher Disease, Stickler Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Congenital Rubella, and Hereditary Optic Neuropathies. We divided the various ocular pathologies into anterior and posterior segment presentations and associated systemic findings for better understanding. Additionally, this review aims to include an update on the management of patients with both ocular and hearing loss manifestations.

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a prototype of humoral immunodeficiency disorders manifested by recurrent sinopulmonary infections and characterized with low to absence of immunoglobulin production due to absence of B lymphocytes. There are many reports of unusual complications of this genetic disease such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, enteroviral infections with diverse manifestations, neutropenia during severe infections and also uncommon reports of some autoimmunities. Moreover, Rheumatological diseases are reported as a manifestation of XLA among which dermatomyositis is a known and expected condition. Other connective tissue diseases are rarely reported. In this report, the researchers described a known case of XLA disease with progressive body pain, muscle ache, tender and tense skinand finally confirmed as a rare occurrence of Eosinophilic Fasciitis / Morphea Overlap.

Hearing loss is considered a main cause of speech-language delay and academic performance retardation. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of hearing loss diagnosed for the first time in primary school children.

A cross-sectional study has involved 624, randomly chosen, primary school children. The children have undergone hearing screening using tympanometry, and pure tone audiometry screening in order to detect the children with undiagnosed hearing loss.

Six hundred and twenty-four children underwent tympanometry which showed that 481 children have type A Tympanogram, 39 have type C, 16 have type A in one ear and type C in the other, 78 have type B, and 10 of them have type B in one ear and type C in the other. Then all children underwent pure tone audiometry screening and this showed that 565 children have responded to 20 dB for all frequencies, 42 have not responded to 20 dB at any frequency, 27 of them are from those children with type B Tympanogram, 10 children have not responded to 20 dB for frequencies >2000 Hz, 7 of them have not responded to 20 dB at any frequency in one ear with normal responses in the other.

School age hearing screening is an important procedure to detect hearing loss in children in order to manage hearing loss as early as possible and avoid its consequences.

Context: 

One of the human desires is to treat childrenchr('39')s sensorineural hearing loss with stem cell transplantation. Preclinical studies have been performed in this field and the stem cell types have been tested and achieved relative improvement.

Evidence Acquisition:

This narrative review has been prepared about hearing regeneration with stem cell transplantation. The articles with Full-text and English Language have been searched in PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar from 2000 through 2020 using keywords of sensory neural hearing loss and stem cell.

In 2018, the first human study was performed with stem cells from the human umbilical cord, which has promising results in terms of the safety of the method and the positive effect on hearing.

 Autologous stem cell transplantation had induced noticeably relative improvement without serious adverse events in children with acquired sensorineural hearing loss. to obtain more evidence, requires further studies with larger sample sizes and population groups.

Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare disease of the skeletal system that can be associated with complications such as bone fracture, nerve dysfunction and deafness due to increased bone density and reduced bone quality. In this regard and due to the challenge that it can cause for cochlear implantation (CI), in this study we aimed to report CI conducted on two patients with OP in Iran.

The Case:

 Patients were two women diagnosed with OP and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) who underwent CI in the right ear. Preoperative PTA showed a hearing threshold decrease of more than 100 dB in both patients. A standard cochleostomy was performed in one patient and endoscopic surgery in the other pati ent through the external ear canal. One month after surgery, the hearing threshold improved by 60−90 dB in both patients. No facial nerve palsy or implant extrusion/migration was observed after surgery.

Although technically challenging, CI seems to be a safe and effective method to improve the SNHL in patients with OP. The path for electrode insertion should be tailored to meet the conditions and anatomy of patients.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the complications in hemodialysis patients. Vascular access (VA) represents a lifeline for these patients affecting their life quality and clinical outcomes. Arteriovenous fistula is the gold standard of VAs with minor complications and better hemodialysis adequacy. There is no study investigating hearing differences in hemodialysis VAs. Hence, this study aimed to compare SNHL characteristics amongst hemodialysis VAs.

This cross-sectional study conducted on 64 patients aged 18−60 years received regular hemodialysis in 2019. Demographic data and comorbid conditions were recorded based on patients’ case records and electronic databases. After a physical examination, otoscopy, tympanometry, and conventional audiometry, patients were divided into fistula (n = 26), permanent catheter (n = 36), and temporary catheter (n = 2) groups according to vascular access type.

Prevalence rate of SNHL was 63.89%, 50% and 50% in the permanent catheter, fistula and temporary catheter groups, respectively. Most patients had mild sloping-SNHL in the permanent catheter and fistula groups as against moderate degree in the other group. There was no significant difference in hearing thresholds, degree and audiogram shape among VA groups. No significant relation was found between age, sex, hemodialysis duration and disease duration with hearing loss in all groups (p > 0.05).

More patients had SNHL in permanent catheter group. Vascular access types, longer duration of hemodialysis and disease duration do not seem to be associated with SNHL. However, further investigation is needed to clarify the relationship.

Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a test for the estimation of auditory thresholds. It is used in infants, children, and adults. This case report presented unusual ASSR results in an elderly person.

Pure tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry and acoustic reflexes showed a moderate sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. However, the patient did not respond in the ASSR test to different carrier frequencies with frequency modulations of 40 and 80 Hz.

To date, the results of the different effects of the aging process obtained from ASSR responses have been reported. However, the absence of any response in the ASSR test has never been reported. The patient in this case report may have these results because of a neural deficit.

Hearing loss is a major concern in the patient with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CHT). The present study aimed to assess the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at 6 months follow-up after RT and/or concurrent Cisplatin-based CHT. 

In this prospective study, 60 patients with histopathologically proven HNC underwent three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) (35 patients) and concurrent Cisplatin-based CHT and RT (25 patients). The status of the hearing was assessed pre-treatment (baseline), one day, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment by pure tone audiometry (PTA) and other audiometric tests such as tympanometry (TM), acoustic reflex (AR), and speech audiometry (SA).

In the RT group, SNHL was observed in 18 patients and hearing loss occurred in 47 % (33 of 70 ears) of ears. In the chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) group, SNHL was discerned in 20 patients and hearing loss appeared in 88 % (44 of 50 ears) of ears. Perforation of the tympanic membrane occurred in 2/35 patients in the RT group and 1/25 patients in the CRT group. The AR threshold (ART) of patients with CRT significantly increased compared to the RT group at the end of 6 months after treatment (P <0.05). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the speech discrimination score (SDS) and speech recognition threshold (SRT) between the CRT group and RT group at the 6 months after treatment (P <0.05).

The incidence of hearing loss in patients that underwent CRT was higher. The auditory system should be considered as a critical organ at risk (OAR) in treatment planning.

Previous studies showed that one of the complications of rheumatoid arthritis disease was auditory disorder. The goal of the present study was to compare the auditory status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals.

In the present case-control study, 30 normal persons and 60 persons with rheumatoid arthritis with mean age of 46.72 and standard deviation of 6.76 of both genders were appraised using pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and speech audiometry. The mean disease duration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 12.51±6.09 years.

The frequency of hearing loss in rheumatoid arthritis group was significantly more than the control group (p=0.001). All patients had sensorineural hearing loss. Only in 5% of rheumatoid arthritis group, abnormal tympanometry (as type) was reported. Speech discrimination score analysis showed significant difference between the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls. In terms of hearing threshold level, the mean hearing threshold level (in 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz frequencies) of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significantly higher than control group in both ears (p<0.05). A positive significant correlation was found among mean hearing threshold level in 4000 and 8000 Hz frequencies and rheumatoid arthritis duration in both ears.

The frequency of hearing loss and the average hearing threshold in RA patients were higher than healthy individuals. The most common type hearing loss is sensorineural.