جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "toddler" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Early communication skills in children with hearing loss depend on the quantity and quality of information received from parents. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of early communication skills training in developing the communication skills of infants and toddlers with cochlear implants.

To this end, 54 infants and toddlers at the age range of 8–24 months with sever to profound hearing loss fitted by Cochlear Implant (CI) with their mothers participated in this study. The experimental and wait list control groups had auditory verbal therapy as the main intervention after the CI; however, the experimental group received a systematic early communication skills program. All subjects were assessed using the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales Developmental Profile as the pre-and post-tests.

Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated the effect of systematic training on the early communication development of subjects in intervention group.

Teaching the parents how to interact with infants and toddlers with CI could improve the communication skills of the infants and therefore it’s recommended to be included in the auditory rehabilitation programs.

Amis:

 Interconnected factors can cause increased stunting cases. One of the risk factors for stunting is adolescents’ lack of knowledge and attitudes. Various media, including Instagram, can be the reason behind the issue. This study aimed to determine the effect of providing the pre-marital education program through Instagram to increase the literacy and attitude of pre-marital couples regarding stunting prevention.

This quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group was conducted in pre-marital couples in the Gunung Kidul Regency from December 2021 to January 2022. The instruments were questionnaires (Google Forms) and educational media such as posters and videos via Instagram. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.

After receiving the pre-marital education program through Instagram, pre-marital couples were stunted in both the intervention and control groups. There was an increase in attitude in the intervention group after the intervention. The literacy and attitudes about stunting prevention were increased in pre-marital couples of the intervention compared to the control groups after being given pre-marital education through Instagram.

The pre-marital education program improves the literacy and attitudes about stunting prevention in pre-marital couples.

Many medications are unlicensed for use in toddlers and many drugs are prescribed as off-label in this age group. Different studies showed high prevalence of prescribing such medications in children. Prescribing off-labeled or unlicensed drugs can cause adverse drug events (ADEs) and harm to the patients. To evaluate the rate of off-label and unlicensed drugs prescribed for toddlers.

Out-patient prescriptions within the electronic database from a main governmental health insurance company in Tehran, Iran were evaluated for off-label and unlicensed drugs in a two-month period (November-December 2019).

5358 prescriptions for toddlers reached to the insurance database, of these, 461 prescriptions were randomly selected. Three hundred and fifty prescriptions contained antibiotics and/or respiratory medications, from them, 183 (52.3%) had at least one off-labeled or unlicensed medication. 

Our study showed high rates of off-label and/or unlicensed medication use in pediatric population.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an upper or lower respiratory tract disease, which can be contagious and can cause a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic disease or mild infection to severe and fatal disease, it depending on the causative pathogen and home environmental factors which affect it. This study aims to analyze how the relationship between home environmental conditions including ventilation, humidity, floors, residential density, and smoking habits with the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Toddlers in Indonesia by conducting a meta-analysis on data from various research articles. The method in this study is a meta-analysis by finding the effect size value using JASP software. Articles performed a meta-analysis of 25 articles. The results of the meta-analysis found that the variable density of residential has 1,135 times larger, 1,665 times greater ventilation, ventilation of 1.568 times greater, and the floor conditions 1,309 times larger, as well as the habit sapped. The conclusion from the results of this study shows that the condition of the home environment that has the most influence is the humidity of the house and the one with the lowest risk is residential density. Suggestions for controlling risk and providing education to the community and assistance for healthy homes.

In various mining activities, workers are exposed to free Crystalline Silica (CS), which can cause the constant production of reactive oxygen species and silicosis. This research was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and liver tissue function in workers occupationally exposed to CS during their activities.

In this study, the biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in 40 workers in silica mines of Azandarian region (Hamadan province, Iran) with occupational exposure to CS, as the case group and 40 workers without any silica-exposure as controls.

A significant higher serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) were observed in the silica-exposed group compared to the controls. Moreover, in the serum of the silica-exposed cases, the total antioxidant capacity was lower than that of the control group. Based on findings chronic exposure to CS can obviously affect the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarker and liver tissue function in the exposed workers.

Therefore, the use of suitable face mask and different dietary antioxidants are recommended in the silica-exposed workers for the reduction of oxidative stress production and prevention of liver tissue disorders.

Sensory processing patterns refer to a person’s ability to receive and respond to sensory events which are important to succeed in daily routine activities. This study aims to determine the sensory processing patterns in infants/toddlers. 

This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 518 infants/toddlers participated in this study. Their ages ranged from birth to 36 months. Parents completed the infant/toddler sensory profile for all participants. 

No significant difference was observed between girls and boys in sensory processing from birth to 6 months; however, there is a significant difference between girls and boys in low registration, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoidance from 7-36 months. In addition, no significant difference was detected between children born by cesarean and those born through natural childbirth in terms of sensory processing (quadrants and scores) from birth to 6 months and 7-36 months. There is a significant difference between preterm and full-term children (birth to 6 months) in auditory processing. The findings also indicate only a significant difference in oral sensory processing between the preterm and full-term children (7-36 months). 

We discussed sensory processing patterns in children and their differences based on different factors. The results of this study can provide considerations for Iranian occupational therapists and psychologists.

The establishment of good eating practices that begins in infancy will impact lifelong nutritional habits and overall health. This study evaluates effective educational models to increase parents’ knowledge and awareness in the field of nutritional assistance to toddlers through published articles from 2010 to 2021.

PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Wiley online library were searched according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines to identify published studies from January 2010 to December 2021 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted the related data. The extracted data were synthesized thematically by collecting the main findings, the design, and the applied interventions. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the EPHPP (quality assessment tool of the Effective Public Healthcare Panacea Project) and the McMaster critical appraisal tool.

Search results from five databases yielded 842 related articles. However, only 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. The number of participants in these studies varied from 20 to 300 mothers of toddlers. The study designs included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, and qualitative.   Home talks, nutrition education, and counseling were the educational methods used. The duration of the intervention varied from 2 weeks up to 9 months. Home talks seem to be a more effective method with direct (teacher-directed), interactive (discussion, sharing), and experiential (learner-centered, activity-oriented) delivery methods.

Three of the 7 studies had strong quality, and the rest had moderate quality. The evidence presented in this review has identified characteristics that may contribute to the effectiveness of interventions in increasing parents’ knowledge and awareness of nutritional assistance for toddlers. The overall result from this review reveals the need to improve the standards and procedures in intervention design and randomized controlled trials to improve their effectiveness.

Although poor dietary habits have a great effect on the health status of children, especially in toddlers, a few questionnaires exist for the assessment of dietary imbalances. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the NutriCHEQ in Iranian healthy toddlers.

In this cross‑sectional study, first, the NutriCHEQ was translated to Persian and culturally adapted by the forward–backward translation technique. In order to assess the face validity, we used a cognitive interviewing technique of 25 parents/caretakers of healthy toddlers. In the next step, experts assessed content validity, respectively. One item was removed during the content validity process. Then, a blueprint of NutriCHEQ was distributed among 156 parents/caretakers of healthy toddlers in different focal points in Tehran for assessing construct validity by nonlinear principal components analysis. In addition, the anthropometric indices checklist and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were filled out for toddlers. Then, construct validity was assessed. The Varimax rotation ran for two sections separately. The four‑factor structure was confirmed.

The model showed a good fit, and all the extracted variance of four factors were satisfactory (F1 = 20.77; F2 = 22.30; F3 = 14.75; and F4 = 13.71). All of the extracted items of the NutriCHEQ in two parts showed 71.53% cumulative variance. For criterion‑related validity, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the NutriCHEQ and Z‑score (rho = 0.632, P < 0.001). The Bland‑Altman result indicates 95% limits of agreement between the NutriCHEQ questionnaire and Z‑score.

Therefore, we concluded that NutriCHEQ is a valid, reliable, and convenient instrument to identify the Iranian toddlers’ nutritional status. Therefore, it can be used for research and clinical settings.

The aim of the present study was to screen the toddlers who are suspected to be autistic in their well-child visits at age 18 to 24 months via the Quantitative-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT).

After the screening, the screen-positive cases were clinically assessed by a child psychiatrist and a child developmental psychologist. The total sample included 2467 toddlers; the mean total score of Q-CHAT was 30.64 (SD: 9.133).

According to the clinical examinations, 6 cases met the criteria for autism (equal to 5.8% of screen-positive cases and 0.25% of the total sample), and 18 cases had a high probability of autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders.

This study showed that the toddlers who were at risk of autism could be screened in PHC. Also, Q-CHAT could be used as a screening tool in Iran.

Children younger than 5 years are in the fastest growth and developmental period of their lives. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of a developmental stimulation program on language evolution criteria in 1- to 3-year-old children with celiac disease. This clinical trial was performed on two groups (i.e., intervention and control) of 50 children aged 1-3 years with celiac disease using random allocation technique. A developmental stimulation program was implemented for the children in the intervention group in two-hour sessions every week for 2 months. The language evolution age was evaluated by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 11.5). The mean age of the participants was 20.6±4.4 months. Prior to the intervention, the mean age of receptive and expressive language development showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.672 and P=0.166, respectively). Similarly, immediately after the intervention, the mean age of expressive language development in the intervention group (21.5±3.8) underwent no significant increase, compared to that in the control group (19.1±4.5). This variable was not also significantly different between the groups in the four-month follow-up (P=0.076). Nonetheless, with regard to the mean age of receptive language evolution, this variable demonstrated a significant increase in the intervention group (24.2±4.8), compared to that in the control group immediately after the intervention (19.1±4.3; P=0.002). The results of the four-month follow-up were also indicative of a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean age of receptive language evolution (p <0.001). Based on the findings of the present study, the developmental stimulation program can be used for promoting receptive language skills in children with celiac or other chronic diseases.

Inadequate diet and illness were immediate causes of malnutrition. Dietary diversity helps to ensure adequate intake of essential nutrients and promotes good health. Challenge is to maintain adequate nutrients intake during all periods. The primary study objective was to determine the toddlers’ dietary diversity and its determinants indifferent agricultural periods. In this repeated cross-sectional study, a 24 hours open recall was used to collect all foods eaten by toddlers. These data were collected three times in households at the Centre-West region of Burkina Faso. The dietary diversity score (DDS) equals the number of food groups consumed. The toddler’s dietary diversity was low when DDSrecommended by WHO. The associations between toddlers’ DDS with periodicity, sociodemographic, and economic variables were determined. The means of toddlers’ dietary diversity scores during agricultural mitigation, welding, and increase periods were 4.5 [4.3-4.6], 4.4 [4.2-4.5], and 4.8 [4.7-5.0], respectively. During agricultural mitigation, welding and increase periods, 77%, 73% and 87% of toddlers reached the minimum dietary diversity score, respectively. This study revealed that toddlers’ dietary diversity was associated with the province of residence, household market gardening practice, household head gender and age, toddlers’ gender and age, giving toddlers’ food from outside, and toddlers’ meal frequency. Toddlers’ dietary diversity was associated with gender, age, feeding, and agricultural practices.

Mothers form the core of the family unit. They also play an important role in the success and health of other family members. Hence, the health and development of any society is largely based on women’s health. The health of working women with toddlers, which can be affected by changes in lifestyle, is the need of the modern society. Therefore, identifying barriers to a healthy lifestyle is essential to promote women’s health.  This study aimed to determine the barriers to a healthy lifestyle related to the health of working mothers with toddlers from the mother’s perspective.  This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 60 working mothers with toddlers in Semnan City in 2015. For this purpose, all mothers with toddlers whose children attended kindergarten, were included in the study. After collecting and recording the mothers’ demographic data, the Lifestyle Standardized Questionnaire was administered to them to measure 10 aspects of physical health, sports and fitness, weight and nutrition management, disease prevention, psychological health, mental health, social health, avoiding drugs, prevention of disasters, and environmental health. Then, the researcher-made 34-item questionnaire of obstacles to lifestyle in three domains of physical health, psychological health, and social health was filled by the mothers. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test to determine the relationship between the variables. About 70% of the mothers were 30 years or older. Regarding the physical aspect, there was a neglect of physical activity due to abundant work occupation (71.7%). Regarding the psychological health aspect, the working mother’s fear and concern about her child’s disease in kindergarten (61.7%) was paramount. In the social health aspect, the presence of work induced by familial life requirements (as a mother, wife) (65%) obtained the most scores as barriers to a healthy lifestyle. According to the Chi-square test, there was no meaningful relationship between the demographic variables and barriers to a healthy lifestyle (P=0.05). The results of this study could be a step towards identifying effective factors and then developing a strategy to promote a healthy lifestyle among working mothers with toddlers.