جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "type-2 diabetes" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The aging process is typically associated with a decline in motor function and an increased incidence of certain diseases, particularly metabolic syndrome and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week combined exercise program on metabolic syndrome markers, motor function, and postural control in elderly men with type 2 diabetes.

In a semi-experimental study, 20 elderly men (mean age 67.18 ± 4.43 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (10 subjects) and control (10 subjects). The experimental group performed combined exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, for 90 minutes (aerobic exercise at 50-70% of maximum heart rate; resistance exercise at 40-70% of 1 repetition maximum). Serum levels of glucose, lipid profile, motor function, and postural control were measured before the intervention and 48 hours after the last exercise session.

Combined exercise significantly reduced serum levels of glucose (P=0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.001), triglycerides (P=0.02), and LDL (P=0.001) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, there was a significant increase in HDL (P=0.01) in the exercise group. Motor function (P=0.01) and postural control (P=0.01) also improved significantly after the exercise intervention.

Combined exercise appears to be an effective and appropriate strategy for controlling blood glucose, improving lipid profile, and enhancing motor function and postural control in older men with type 2 diabetes.

Adipokines dysregulation plays important role in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. However, exercise training can be effective in improving the glycemic control in T2D patients by modulating the adipokines levels. In the present research, the effects of 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the serum levels of progranulin and MCP-1 in type2 diabetic women have been investigated.

36 qualified and volunteer women with T2D were randomly assigned in the three groups including control, MICT and HIIT groups. Both HIIT (90 percent of maximum heart rate) and MICT (60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate) protocols were conducted on treadmill for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in pre and post-test stages. Between groups difference were determined by analysis of covariance test and significant level was P<0.05.

The present study findings indicated that both HIIT (p<0.001) and MICT (p=0.014) protocols cause significant decrease in the MCP-1 levels. However, the progranulin reduction compared to the control group was significant only in the HIIT group (p<0.001) and MICT does not have significant effect on the progranulin levels (p=0.077). Decrease in body fat percentage and insulin resistance was also significant for both HIIT and MICT protocols compared to the control group (p<0.001).

Both HIIT and MICT exercise trainings are effective for modulating the adipokines levels in the T2D patients. However, the effectiveness of HIIT was greater for reduction of progranulin levels compared to the MICT group, which indicates the importance of paying more attention to HIIT in the management of T2D.

In recent years, resistance training has been proposed as a powerful intervention to improve the health of cardiovascular function in people with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study is the effect of resistance training on the content of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (PERK and NRF2) in the left ventricle of rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this experimental study, 12 2-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±20 grams were selected. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injecting nicotinamide and streptozotocin solutions. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, diabetic resistance training and diabetic control. Resistance training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week of climbing a vertical ladder with an 85 degree slope, one meter long with 26 steps and 2 cm space between each step. Western blot method was used to measure PERK and NRF2 protein content. Independent t-test was used for data analysis and the significance level was P≤0.05.

After 8 weeks of resistance training, the content of PERK and NRF2 proteins showed a significant increase compared to the control group in the left ventricle of the heart of diabetic rats (P=0.01 and P=0.002, respectively).

It seems that resistance training can be useful for the heart health of subjects with type 2 diabetes and can be included in the rehabilitation guidelines of health professionals.

Diabetes and its complications and treatment techniques are among the most fundamental issues facing medical and psychological knowledge today. In patients with type 2 diabetes, more than 95% of the treatment process is performed by the patient, and the treatment team has little control over the patient between visits, which requires more attention to promoting self–care activities. Designing and evaluating educational and therapeutic programs based on providing information, motivating, and teaching behavioral skills in health–promoting self–care behaviors will increase patients' adherence to self–care behaviors and create a sense of recovery and satisfaction with disease control. Among these therapies is compassionate therapy, which has attracted the attention of new therapists, even for certain diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion–focused therapy on the self–care of people with type 2 diabetes.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population in this study consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Ravan Yar Counseling Center in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. The sample size of the present study included 30 people. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in each) on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were as follows: voluntary admission to the study, non–use of psychiatric medication, a score below 50 in the self–care questionnaire, and at least 6 months have elapsed since the illness. The exclusion criteria were as follows: participants' reluctance to continue treatment and more than two absences from treatment sessions. The research instruments included Gilbert's Compassionate Therapy Program (2009) and the Summary of Diabetes Self–Care Activities Questionnaire (Toobert and Glasgow, 1994). Data analysis was done using univariate analysis of covariance, independent t test, and Chi–square test using SPSS version 22 software at a significance level 0.05.

Based on the results, the mean self–care scores in the experimental group before and after the test were 24.58 and 26.42, respectively. Also, the average self–care scores in the control group before and after the test were 25.58 and 25.27, respectively. The following results show that the mean self–care scores increased in the posttest of the experimental group and decreased slightly in the posttest of the control group. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting the self–care pretest scores, in the posttest, the scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.005).

Based on the results, compassion–focused therapy increases self–care in people with type 2 diabetes.

Apelin is crucial for regulating energy homeostasis, yet its role in diabetes and insulin resistance remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training (Exe) on serum apelin levels and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, SID, and Magiran databases. Effect sizes and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model.

Analysis of 14 interventions involving 386 adults with T2DM indicated that exercise training did not result in a significant change in serum apelin levels [SMD=0.083 (95% CI: 0.731 to 0.897), P=0.8] compared to the control group. However, exercise training was associated with significant reductions in fasting glucose levels [WMD=-19.034 mg/dl (95% CI: -11.69 to -26.37), P=0.001], fasting insulin levels [WMD=-3.616 μU/ml (95% CI: -1.804 to -5.429), P=0.001], and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR [WMD=-1.574 μU/ml (95% CI: -1.104 to -2.044), P=0.001], relative to the control group.

The results of this meta-analysis indicate that exercise training does not significantly affect serum apelin levels. However, it contributes to reductions in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. Thus, exercise is an effective strategy for improving insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM.

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires daily insulin injections, daily blood tests for blood sugar monitoring, and constant supervision of diet. This study was designed to investigate the effect of self-care training on depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on a population of 60 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with type 1 diabetes, who visited Hazrat Ali Asghar (PBUH) Hospital in Tehran in 2023. The training consisted of four sessions held once a week over a four-week period. The significance of the findings was assessed using the Chi-Square test, and ANOVA was used to compare quantitative variables between groups.

The findings of this study showed a significant difference in the mean scores of depression and anxiety between the two groups before and after the intervention. Moreover, a significant improvement was observed in the mean self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention. In a one-month follow-up, there was also a significant difference in the mean self-efficacy score between the follow-up group and the pre-intervention group (P value<0.05).

Overall, the results of this study showed the positive effect of self-care training on reducing anxiety and depression and improving self-efficacy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, self-care training can be considered as one of the effective resources for promoting the dynamism and improvement of health-related characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Nitrite is a nitric oxide (NO) donor that increases insulin secretion from pancreatic islets in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanism of this effect is the reduction of oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of nitrite on the expression of two genes involved in the oxidative stress process caused by T2D in the pancreatic islets of rats.

T2D was induced in male rats by administering a high-fat diet along with a low dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg). The rats were divided into three groups (n=6 per group): control, T2D, and T2D+nitrite. The T2D+nitrite group received drinking water containing sodium nitrite (50 mg/L) for eight weeks. At the end of the study, mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxiredoxin-4 (Prdx4) were measured in the isolated pancreatic islets.

In the pancreatic islets isolated from T2D rats, mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and Prdx4 were significantly lower by 55% (P=0.005) and 77% (P<0.001), respectively, compared to the control group. Nitrite administration in T2D rats resulted in a 61% increase in Nrf2 expression (P=0.050) and a 94% increase in Prdx4 expression (P=0.009) in the isolated pancreatic islets.

The beneficial effects of nitrite in reducing oxidative stress induced by T2D in the pancreatic islets of rats are associated with increased mRNA expression of Nrf2 and Prdx4.

Hypoxia, particularly in adipose tissue, is involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Hyperoxia, oxygen administration, has been proposed as a potential treatment for this condition. However, one complication associated with hyperoxia is the decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). This study investigates the effect of hyperoxia on NO-producing enzymes (NO synthase, NOS) and the L-arginine-degrading enzyme (arginase) in epididymal adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.

Type 2 diabetes was induced in 12 male rats using a  high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin. The rats were then divided into two groups: hyperoxia (received 95% oxygen for five weeks) and control group exposed to air containing 21% oxygen). After five weeks, the animals were anesthetized, and epididymal adipose tissue was isolated. Protein levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and arginase, as well as concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and lactate, were measured.

Hyperoxia resulted in a 28% reduction in fasting serum glucose, decreased lactate concentration, decreased eNOS protein levels (11.1±5.2 vs. 8.4±1.3 ng/mg protein, P=0.041), decreased NOx levels (18.2±1.0 vs. 12.1±1.2 nmol/mg protein, P=0.027), and increased arginase protein levels (1.3±0.14 vs. 2.2±0.31 ng/ mg protein, P=0.028) in adipose tissue.

Hyperoxia reduced fasting serum glucose in type 2 diabetic rats but simultaneously decreased NO bioavailability in visceral adipose tissue, which associated with reduced eNOS protein and increased arginase protein levels.

Gestational diabetes is the most common complication of pregnancy that can lead to adverse consequence for the pregnant mother and the fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood groups and gestational diabetes.

This case-control study included 211 pregnant women with gestational diabetes as cases and 211 pregnant women without gestational diabetes as controls. We used two-stage sampling method. In the first stage, 10 bases were randomly selected from 35 active bases in the urban areas of Sanandaj, and in the next stage, the cases were entered into the study using census method and the controls were selected based on convenience sampling. Using SPSS 16 software analysis, Data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression.

The mean values of age for the pregnant women in the case and control groups were 34.29 ± 5.33 years and 30.05 ± 5.50 years, respectively. The most common blood group in both case and control groups was blood group O (more than 40%). In the univariate analysis of ABO and Rh blood groups, there was no significant relationship between the two groups (p>0.05) in regard to the history of abortion and family history of type 2 diabetes. In the, final regression model age, body mass index and parity showed a significant relationship with gestational diabetes (p<0.05).

In patients with gestational diabetes, blood group O was the most frequent, but there was no statistically significant difference between case and control groups in terms of blood groups. Age, body mass index and parity remained in the final regression model.

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of complex, multi-system metabolic disorders that alter many functions of the immune system and are associated with delayed recovery and a reduced immune response. Apical periodontitis is the inflammation and destruction of the periodontium in the apical region of the root, originating from the pulp, and as a result, an inflammatory response creates a radiolucent area at the root apex. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of pulp and periapical lesions and controlled type 2 diabetes in the radiographic images of patients.

In this cross-sectional study, 45 patients were included in the case group (patients with controlled diabetes) and 45 in the control group (healthy individuals). Periapical and endodontic status was evaluated based on examinations using panoramic and periapical images. In the dental examinations (excluding third molars), the following were recorded for each patient: the number of teeth in the mouth, the number and location of teeth without root canal treatment with a periapical lesion, the number and location of teeth with root canal treatment, and the number and location of teeth with root canal treatment with a periapical lesion. The periodontal condition was assessed using the periapical index (PAI), with scores greater than 3 considered indicative of periapical pathology. For inferential analysis, chi-square tests and independent t-tests were used.

Among the 90 participants, 53 were women and 37 were men. The average age of the participants was 43.6 years, and the average age was higher in the diabetic group. In total, 52.2% of patients had periapical lesions and 63.3% had pulpal lesions, with these two lesions being significantly more common in diabetic individuals(P<0.05). Among all patients, there was a significant relationship between gender and periapical lesions (P=0.022), with women having a higher prevalence of these lesions. In non-diabetic individuals, unlike diabetic individuals, the relationship between gender and periapical lesions was significant, with women having more lesions(P=0.03). Across all patients, there was a significant relationship between age and periapical lesions (P=0.001), with the average age being higher in patients with periapical lesions. In diabetic individuals, unlike non-diabetic individuals, no significant relationship was observed between these two variables (P=0.828).

The study results demonstrated a significant relationship between the prevalence of pulp and periapical lesions and factors such as sex, age, and type 2 diabetes. The findings revealed that the prevalence of pulp and periapical lesions is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to those without diabetes. The likelihood of developing these lesions increases with age and is generally higher in women. Additionally, no correlation was found between the prevalence of pulp and periapical lesions in men without type 2 diabetes and increasing age in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

the chronic nature, tiring treatments and debilitating and threatening complications of diabetes affect the physical, mental, social, life expectancy and death anxiety of the affected person, so the present study aims to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and A commitment was made to the life expectancy and death anxiety of patients with type 2 diabetes.

The current research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population includes all patients with type 2 diabetes with deceased relatives who visited Milad specialized and sub-specialized hospitals in the second six months of 2022, 30 eligible people were selected by purposive sampling method and by simple random sampling (paired sampling method) or the person inside the box) were placed in two groups (15 people in the test group and 15 people in the control group). The data collection tools included life expectancy questionnaires by Schneider et al. (1991) and death anxiety questionnaires by Templer and Ruff (1971). The intervention group was subjected to group intervention in eight 90-minute face-to-face sessions over a period of two months, and the control group received the normal intervention. In order to analyze the data, SPSS version 22 software and the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements between groups were used, observing the statistical assumptions.

The results showed that there was a difference between the average scores of life expectancy and death anxiety of patients with type 2 diabetes in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage, and these results remained stable until the follow-up stage (P<0.01); Therefore, the treatment based on acceptance and commitment improved the life expectancy and reduced the death anxiety of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Based on the results of this study, therapists and health care providers can use acceptance and commitment therapy as an effective treatment method in improving the health and psychological status of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes often experience poor sleep quality, which can affect the severity and management of the disease, as well as the psychological well-being of patients, by disrupting metabolic function and glucose intolerance. Considering the effect of bibliotherapy, behavioral activation therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sleep quality in different groups, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing these three interventions on sleep quality in females with type 2 diabetes.

The current reserch method was semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and control group on a three month follow-up. 60  people from  the  female clients with  type  2  diabetes  referred to Tehran  Sajjad Clinic of  the first three months of the year 2023, were purposefully selected and placed in four groupes of 15 (three experiment groupes and one control group). The interventions were performed for test groups.The control group did not recived any intervention. Data were collected with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Buysse et al. (1998) in the three stages of pre-test, post -test-and, follow-up. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 22 software using anaysis of variance with repeated measures method and Bonferroni's post-hoc test.

The results showed a significant effect of all three interventions at post-test and follow-up on sleep quality at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05) between the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with behavioral activation treatment and bibliotherapy on sleep quality at post-test and follow-up, but there was no significant difference between the effect of behavioral activation treatment and bibliotherapy at post-test and follow-up at the level of 0.05 (P≤0.05).

Considering the greater effectiveness and stability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, it is suggested to implement this intervention as a Complementary intervention in medical centers with the aim of increasing sleep quality caused by diabetes complications along with medical treatments.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of circuit resistance training and synbiotic on arterial stiffness and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 43 women with type 2 diabetes participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into three groups of resistance training and placebo (15 people), resistance training and synbiotic supplement (15 people) and synbiotic supplement biotic (13 people). The resistance training program consisted of 10 min of warm-up, resistance training with an intensity of 40–65% 1RM and 10 min of cooling down, which the resistance and placebo and resistance and synbiotic groups were set for 12 w with three sessions per week. Participants in the supplement group had 1 h after a meal (lunch) and a daily dose of one capsule with 1 × 109 CFU. The T-test and repeated analysis of variance test were used to assess inter-group and intra-group differences, respectively.

Results showed that the ABI increased significantly in the groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement. CAVI, serum low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, body mass index and body fat percentage in groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement and fasting glucose level, insulin resistance index and blood cholesterol significantly decreased in the group of resistance training and synbiotic supplement. In addition, serum high-density lipoproteins increased in all the three groups.

It seems that the simultaneous use of synbiotics and resistance training includes protective effects on complications in women with type 2 diabetes.

Sexual function is an important part of the life of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and changes in it, especially in menopause, can affect their health. The sexual function of these women can be affected by various factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between anxiety and depression and sexual function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

The present research is descriptive. The statistical population in this research included postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in Tehran City in 2023. A sample size of 300 people was selected based on Kline model and by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Isidori’s Female Sexual Function Index, Beck’s Depression Inventory-II, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, and Simons and Gaher’s Distress Tolerance Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equations modelling.

The findings showed that the direct effects of anxiety, depression, and distress tolerance on sexual function were significant (p=0.001). Also, the results showed that distress tolerance has a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and depression and sexual function.

According to the results of the current study, sexual function of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes can be affected by anxiety, depression, and distress tolerance. It is concluded that anxiety and depression affect the distress tolerance and cause defects in the sexual function of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes; so it is suggested to reduce their anxiety and depression in psychological interventions for these women.

Type 2 diabetes is a common disease, which is associated with psychological problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-healing on difficulties in emotion regulation and blood sugar index in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This research was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test, follow-up with control group). The statistical population consisted of 300 people with type 2 diabetes who visited Sedighe Tahereh Clinic in Isfahan in 2021. Of these, 40 people were selected through purposive sampling and were assigned randomly in the experimental and control groups. Data collection tool was Gratz and Romer’s (2004) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and laboratory equipment to measure blood sugar index. the experimental groups underwent 12 sessions of self-healing therapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used to analyze the data. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data

The results showed that self-healing has an effect on difficulties in emotion regulation and blood sugar index (P<0.05) and this result is continuous (P<0.05).

According to the results, it can be said that self-healing is effective in manegment of blood sugar of people with type 2 diabetes.