جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "type-2 diabetes" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

In people with diabetes, metabolic changes can affect the body's response to physical activity. On the other hand, for people with diabetes, exercise can be a powerful tool to manage diabetes and improve overall health through key regulatory proteins such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1/2), dynamin-like protein (DLP1), and autophagy-related protein 13 (ATG13). In diabetes, AMPK regulation is often disrupted, contributing to the metabolic imbalances that characterize diabetes. In diabetes, disruption of DLP1 protein as a key regulator of mitochondrial fission leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and metabolic imbalance. ATG13, as an autophagy regulator causes the recycling of damaged cells and damaged components.

This study was conducted in May to July 2023. In this experimental research, 12 two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce type two diabetes, nicotinamide solution with a dose of 110 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ) with a dose of 60 mg/kg were injected, and blood glucose between 126 and 260 mg/dl was determined as the index of diabetes induction. Then the diabetic rats were randomly divided into training (six heads) and control groups (six heads). The moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) group trained for 4 weeks and four sessions every week. The MIIT program consisted of 4 rounds of 3 minutes with an intensity equal to 55-75% of the maximum speed and active rest periods of two minutes with an intensity of 35-45% of the maximum speed. After 24 hours from the last training, the rats were anesthetized and the soleus muscle tissue was isolated and the proteins were measured by western blot methods.

The results showed that MIIT causes a non-significant increase in AMPK protein (P=0.29) and ATG13 (P=0.079), while it has a significant decrease in DLP1 (P=0.002).

It seems that MIIT, through decreasing DLP1, can have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism and autophagy process in order to optimize cells mitochondria in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats.

Diabetes is a silent metabolic disease characterized by a chronic increase in blood sugar and disturbance in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Scientific findings have shown that exercise is an option for the treatment of these patients. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin and resistin in overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes.

A systematic search of English and Farsi articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Civilica, Scopus, Sid, and Magiran databases was conducted until January 2024. Mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the (I2) test. Moreover, publication bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test.

In total, 57 studies with 1612 obese and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes were meta-analyzed. The results showed that aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin [P=0.001, SMD=-0.98 mg/dL (-1.11 to 0.85)] and a non-significant change in resistin [P=0.36, SMD=-0.08 mg/dL (-0.27 to 0.10)]. Compared to the control group, overweight and obese people were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Results of the present meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin and improved resistin values. It seems that aerobic exercise, as one of the appropriate and practical treatment strategies, can be effective in reducing metabolic disorders of overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes

The aging process is typically associated with a decline in motor function and an increased incidence of certain diseases, particularly metabolic syndrome and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week combined exercise program on metabolic syndrome markers, motor function, and postural control in elderly men with type 2 diabetes.

In a semi-experimental study, 20 elderly men (mean age 67.18 ± 4.43 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (10 subjects) and control (10 subjects). The experimental group performed combined exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, for 90 minutes (aerobic exercise at 50-70% of maximum heart rate; resistance exercise at 40-70% of 1 repetition maximum). Serum levels of glucose, lipid profile, motor function, and postural control were measured before the intervention and 48 hours after the last exercise session.

Combined exercise significantly reduced serum levels of glucose (P=0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.001), triglycerides (P=0.02), and LDL (P=0.001) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, there was a significant increase in HDL (P=0.01) in the exercise group. Motor function (P=0.01) and postural control (P=0.01) also improved significantly after the exercise intervention.

Combined exercise appears to be an effective and appropriate strategy for controlling blood glucose, improving lipid profile, and enhancing motor function and postural control in older men with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and a complex disorder with several micro and macro vascular complications in different parts of the body, which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. On the other hand, endurance training seems to prevent the development of cardiac fibrosis in diabetes by reducing fasting glucose levels and increasing antioxidant indices.

24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control (NC, n=8), diabetes control (DC, n=8) and exercise diabetes (DT, n=8) after familiarization with the laboratory environment. Diabetes was induced to diabetic animals through streptozotocin injection. Training groups, performed 8 weeks of intermittent endurance training on a treadmill. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining were used to check the level of fibrosis and cell disorder. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry. Also, total serum antioxidants were measured by FRAP method.

Compared to the diabetic control group, rats in the training group showed a decrease in fibrosis, fasting glucose, and also a decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol (P<0.05).

Based on the results, it seems that Endurance training in diabetic Rats prevents the development of cardiac fibrosis caused by diabetes by reducing fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and increasing total antioxidants. However, more studies are needed.

With the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, it seems that resistance training can reduce cardiac dysfunction in diabetic models. The aim of the present study is the effectiveness of resistance training on reticulophagy-related proteins in the left ventricle of the heart of type 2 diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 12 2-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±20 grams were selected. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injecting nicotinamide and streptozotocin solutions. Rats were randomly divided into the diabetic resistance training group and the diabetic control group. Resistance training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week of climbing a vertical ladder with an 85degree slope, one meter long with 26 steps and 2 cm space between each step. To analyses the data, independent t-tests, and t-dependent tests were used in SPSS version 29 software. The protein content of ATF6 (P=0.001) and mTOR (P=0.03) showed a significant decrease and increase, respectively, compared to the control group in the left ventricle of the heart after 8 weeks of resistance training. On the other hand, there was no significant change in JNK1 protein content in the left ventricle of the heart (P=0.16). The level of blood sugar (mg/dl) did not show a significant change between the eighth week compared to the first week in the resistance training group (P=0.07), but a significant difference was observed between the eighth week in the control group compared to the resistance training group (P=0.001). It seems that resistance training for 8 weeks is capable of modulating proteins related to reticulophagy in the heart of people with type 2 diabetes.

Adipokines dysregulation plays important role in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. However, exercise training can be effective in improving the glycemic control in T2D patients by modulating the adipokines levels. In the present research, the effects of 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the serum levels of progranulin and MCP-1 in type2 diabetic women have been investigated.

36 qualified and volunteer women with T2D were randomly assigned in the three groups including control, MICT and HIIT groups. Both HIIT (90 percent of maximum heart rate) and MICT (60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate) protocols were conducted on treadmill for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in pre and post-test stages. Between groups difference were determined by analysis of covariance test and significant level was P<0.05.

The present study findings indicated that both HIIT (p<0.001) and MICT (p=0.014) protocols cause significant decrease in the MCP-1 levels. However, the progranulin reduction compared to the control group was significant only in the HIIT group (p<0.001) and MICT does not have significant effect on the progranulin levels (p=0.077). Decrease in body fat percentage and insulin resistance was also significant for both HIIT and MICT protocols compared to the control group (p<0.001).

Both HIIT and MICT exercise trainings are effective for modulating the adipokines levels in the T2D patients. However, the effectiveness of HIIT was greater for reduction of progranulin levels compared to the MICT group, which indicates the importance of paying more attention to HIIT in the management of T2D.

In recent years, resistance training has been proposed as a powerful intervention to improve the health of cardiovascular function in people with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study is the effect of resistance training on the content of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (PERK and NRF2) in the left ventricle of rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this experimental study, 12 2-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±20 grams were selected. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injecting nicotinamide and streptozotocin solutions. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, diabetic resistance training and diabetic control. Resistance training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week of climbing a vertical ladder with an 85 degree slope, one meter long with 26 steps and 2 cm space between each step. Western blot method was used to measure PERK and NRF2 protein content. Independent t-test was used for data analysis and the significance level was P≤0.05.

After 8 weeks of resistance training, the content of PERK and NRF2 proteins showed a significant increase compared to the control group in the left ventricle of the heart of diabetic rats (P=0.01 and P=0.002, respectively).

It seems that resistance training can be useful for the heart health of subjects with type 2 diabetes and can be included in the rehabilitation guidelines of health professionals.

Diabetes and its complications and treatment techniques are among the most fundamental issues facing medical and psychological knowledge today. In patients with type 2 diabetes, more than 95% of the treatment process is performed by the patient, and the treatment team has little control over the patient between visits, which requires more attention to promoting self–care activities. Designing and evaluating educational and therapeutic programs based on providing information, motivating, and teaching behavioral skills in health–promoting self–care behaviors will increase patients' adherence to self–care behaviors and create a sense of recovery and satisfaction with disease control. Among these therapies is compassionate therapy, which has attracted the attention of new therapists, even for certain diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion–focused therapy on the self–care of people with type 2 diabetes.

The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a control group. The statistical population in this study consisted of all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Ravan Yar Counseling Center in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. The sample size of the present study included 30 people. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 in each) on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were as follows: voluntary admission to the study, non–use of psychiatric medication, a score below 50 in the self–care questionnaire, and at least 6 months have elapsed since the illness. The exclusion criteria were as follows: participants' reluctance to continue treatment and more than two absences from treatment sessions. The research instruments included Gilbert's Compassionate Therapy Program (2009) and the Summary of Diabetes Self–Care Activities Questionnaire (Toobert and Glasgow, 1994). Data analysis was done using univariate analysis of covariance, independent t test, and Chi–square test using SPSS version 22 software at a significance level 0.05.

Based on the results, the mean self–care scores in the experimental group before and after the test were 24.58 and 26.42, respectively. Also, the average self–care scores in the control group before and after the test were 25.58 and 25.27, respectively. The following results show that the mean self–care scores increased in the posttest of the experimental group and decreased slightly in the posttest of the control group. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting the self–care pretest scores, in the posttest, the scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.005).

Based on the results, compassion–focused therapy increases self–care in people with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease that has emerged as a significant public health issue in many countries and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity is a proven intervention for the prevention, management, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, differences remain regarding the most effective type and intensity of exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on plasma homocysteine levels and selected cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Forty-four individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 30 to 55 years, participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: aerobic, resistance, combined, or control (11 participants in each group). Each training program was performed over 12 weeks, with three sessions per week. Blood samples were collected from all participants one day before and 48 hours after the final training session to measure dependent variables. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA, with a significance level set at p<0.05.

After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, significant reductions were observed in total cholesterol (p=0.001), low-density lipoprotein (p=0.001), and homocysteine (p=0.01) levels in the combined exercise group, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased significantly (p=0.036) in this group. Additionally, homocysteine levels in the aerobic training group (p=0.038) and total cholesterol levels in the resistance training group (p=0.028) decreased significantly. No significant changes were observed in other examined parameters.

The results of this study suggest that combined exercises, through their significant impact on homocysteine reduction, lipid profile improvement, and atherogenic index optimization, can be recommended as an effective intervention for reducing cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Apelin is crucial for regulating energy homeostasis, yet its role in diabetes and insulin resistance remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training (Exe) on serum apelin levels and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, SID, and Magiran databases. Effect sizes and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model.

Analysis of 14 interventions involving 386 adults with T2DM indicated that exercise training did not result in a significant change in serum apelin levels [SMD=0.083 (95% CI: 0.731 to 0.897), P=0.8] compared to the control group. However, exercise training was associated with significant reductions in fasting glucose levels [WMD=-19.034 mg/dl (95% CI: -11.69 to -26.37), P=0.001], fasting insulin levels [WMD=-3.616 μU/ml (95% CI: -1.804 to -5.429), P=0.001], and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR [WMD=-1.574 μU/ml (95% CI: -1.104 to -2.044), P=0.001], relative to the control group.

The results of this meta-analysis indicate that exercise training does not significantly affect serum apelin levels. However, it contributes to reductions in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. Thus, exercise is an effective strategy for improving insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM.

Nitrite is a nitric oxide (NO) donor that increases insulin secretion from pancreatic islets in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanism of this effect is the reduction of oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of nitrite on the expression of two genes involved in the oxidative stress process caused by T2D in the pancreatic islets of rats.

T2D was induced in male rats by administering a high-fat diet along with a low dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg). The rats were divided into three groups (n=6 per group): control, T2D, and T2D+nitrite. The T2D+nitrite group received drinking water containing sodium nitrite (50 mg/L) for eight weeks. At the end of the study, mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxiredoxin-4 (Prdx4) were measured in the isolated pancreatic islets.

In the pancreatic islets isolated from T2D rats, mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and Prdx4 were significantly lower by 55% (P=0.005) and 77% (P<0.001), respectively, compared to the control group. Nitrite administration in T2D rats resulted in a 61% increase in Nrf2 expression (P=0.050) and a 94% increase in Prdx4 expression (P=0.009) in the isolated pancreatic islets.

The beneficial effects of nitrite in reducing oxidative stress induced by T2D in the pancreatic islets of rats are associated with increased mRNA expression of Nrf2 and Prdx4.