جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « waist circumference » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Anaesthesiologists face difficult intubation (DI) more frequently in obese patients. Thus, we aimed to test if central obesity indices including hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC) or waist circumference (WC) can effectively predict DI and difficult mask ventilation (DMV) in them.

HC, NC, WC, mask ventilation grade, intubation difficulty scale (IDS), history of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) were measured in 300 patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and multivariate, logistic regression were employed to identify predictors of DI (IDS ≥5) and DMV define as mask ventilation grade of 3 or 4.

DI and DMV were, respectively, detected in 14.7% and 12.7% of subjects. According to Multiple logistic regression analysis BMI (Odds ratio (OR):1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.28, p<0.001), NC (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52, p=0.01), HC (OR:1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.10) and HC/NC ratio (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.64-14.92, p= 0.004) considered as independent predictors of DI. The same analysis recognized BMI (OR:1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24, p=0.006), WC (OR: 1.06, 95% CI:1.01-1.11, p=0.01), and HC/BMI ratio (OR=0.18, 95% CI:0.06-0.53, p=0.002) as DMV predictors. Sensitivity of BMI >35.8 kg/m2, NC >39.9 centimetres (cm), HC>118cm and HC/NC ratio >2.9 were determined as 70.5%, 68.2%, and 69.3% respectively for prediction of DI. Sensitivity of BMI >36.6 kg/m2 and WC >118 cm for predicting DMV were identified as 71.0% and 73.6%.

This study proposes to simultaneously consider the HC/NC ratio and WC as a predictor of difficult airway in the obese.

COPD and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Limited evidence suggests a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD patients, indicating a potential link between metabolic syndrome and impaired lung function. We aimed to study the correlation between COPD severity and metabolic syndrome components, and between CRP and COPD severity.

This cross-sectional observational study involved 100 COPD outpatients. Metabolic syndrome parameters were assessed using NCEP criteria. Patients were categorized per GOLD classification using MMRC grading and spirometry. We compared blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and waist circumference across GOLD stages, and clinical, metabolic, and spirometry parameters between those with and without metabolic syndrome. Analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9 and SPSS 26.0.

48% of COPD patients had metabolic syndrome. SBP, blood glucose and triglycerides were significantly higher in severe COPD compared to stages I and II. Among metabolic parameters, blood glucose and SBP were significant negative predictors of FEV1/FVC adjusted for age, smoking and BMI. CRP level, diabetes, hypertension, and abdominal adiposity were associated with airflow limitation severity. FEV1/FVC was significantly lower in extreme BMI groups. Those with metabolic syndrome had higher MMRC grade, exacerbation rate, and CRP, but lower FEV1/FVC and smoking history than those without.

This study emphasizes assessing and managing metabolic syndrome in COPD patients, and suggests links between inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and impaired lung function.

Obesity has many side effects and deadly risks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, school closures have been affecting the lifestyle of students worldwide. This study aims to assess changes in the BMI and some physical parameters among students before and one year after the COVID-19 pandemic in Rafsanjan City, Iran.

In this descriptive study, the sample included 793 high school students (422 males and 371 females) within the age range of 11 to 19. The sampling method was multistage clustering. Accordingly, we compared pre-pandemic data on the BMI and the circumference of the waist, hip, neck, and wrist with the data collected one year after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our findings demonstrated that the BMI and the circumference of the waist, hip, and wrist were significantly higher in males one year after the outbreak of the disease. However, except for the neck circumference, a comparison of other variables before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in females showed no significant difference. Moreover, the results showed that the average BMI of all participants, regardless of their gender, increased significantly from 20.55 to 22.00 kg/m2.

The data obtained from this survey would serve as an important evidence necessitating future planning for controlling overweight and obesity in order to reduce the probability of chronic diseases incidence in future. . Additionally, it is recommended that more comprehensive studies and extracurricular physical activity programs be designed to counteract the negative effects of sedentary behavior.

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disorders worldwide. Regarding the shortage of evidence on NAFLD in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the importance of a thorough assessment of complications due to childhood diseases, this study aimed to assess the need for the early detection of NAFLD in children with T1DM.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 children with T1DM referred to 17 Shahrivar Hospital, Rasht, Iran. This study also assessed demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and hepatic ultrasound. The Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used to compare the children with and without NAFLD. Additionally, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors of NAFLD.

 This study was conducted on 235 children with T1DM with a median age of 11.0 years (interquartile range (IQR): 8.0 - 14.0) and diabetes duration of 2.0 years (IQR: 1.0 - 4.0). The prevalence of NAFLD was estimated to be 10.2%. The children with NAFLD were significantly older (P = 0.016) and had a larger waist circumference (WC) z-score (P = 0.008) than those without NAFLD. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of NAFLD increased with rising age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09 - 1.52) and WC z-score (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.49 - 3.84). The cut-off point for the WC z-score was -0.025 (sensitivity = 58.3%, specificity = 72.0%).

 The NAFLD frequency in T1DM is relatively low (10.2%) and mainly consists of grade I fatty liver. The NAFLD screening should be further noticed in T1DM children with increasing age and WC as the predictors of NAFLD.

The risk of developing diabetes mellitus for an individual with a positive family history of the disease is two-to fourfold higher in an offspring of a diabetic compared with offspring of non-diabetic. This study aimed to assess the anthropometric parameters of offspring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Sagamu, Nigeria. Study subjects were 100 offspring of consecutive T2DM patients’ attending a hospital endocrinology clinic. Diabetic offspring were exempted from the study. FBS was determined employing enzymatic hexokinase method. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured utilizing standard methods while body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. There were 50 males and 50 females study subjects, aged 16 to 65 years. The most populated aged group was 16 to 25 years of which 48.6% (n = 36) were males and 51.4% (n = 38) were females. Totally, 18 subjects were either obese or overweight. Significantly, male subjects had a greater mean weight compared to females (P = 0.021) while females had greater mean BMI (P = 0.037). Mean WHR was significantly higher among male subjects (P = 0.018). Common Anthropometric parameters are normal, female subjects tend to have higher BMI while males have higher weight and WHR.

The influence of western lifestyle such as high‑caloric dense food and sedentary lifestyle has a great influence on Indian children, and the current prevalence of childhood overweight in India ranges between 4% and 22%. The primary aim of the study was to determine the change in growth parameters (waist circumference) as well as dietary behaviors at baseline and at the end of first, third, sixth, and ninth months among overweight adolescent girls and boys following a school‑based nutritional education program.

The study was conducted in 2019 in four urban schools at Puducherry which were randomly assigned to study and control groups by lottery method, and 140 overweight children aged 11–14 years were in the study group and 140 children were in the control group. Simple random sampling method was used to select the samples A nutrition education program highlighting the importance of balanced nutrition and the ill effects of obesity was imparted to students in the study group through a PowerPoint presentation. As a means of reinforcement, posters and pamphlets were distributed. The waist circumference and the mean calorie, protein, and fat intake were assessed at baseline and at the first, third, sixth, and ninth months and compared between groups using independent t test.

There was a statistically significant reduction in waist circumference in the study group when compared to the control group at P < 0.05. A significant decrease in the calorie intake at P < 0.001 and fat intake at P < 0.01 was observed in the study group. The protein intake in the study group increased at the end of 9 months, which was significant at P < 0.001.

School‑based nutritional education program has been found to be a successful intervention in controlling unnecessary weight gain among overweight adolescents.

Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and death events. Thus, obtaining data on the status of abdominal obesity is important in risk factor assessment and prevention of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of using pictograms to classify abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference [WC], waist-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-height ratio [WHtR]) into normal and at-risk categories and determine the effects of demographic characteristics on this validity.

This cross-sectional study used data from Pars Cohort Study (PCS). Participants chose the most similar pictogram scores to their body size at 15, 30 years, and current age. Optimal normal/at-risk cut-off values for pictograms were calculated using sensitivity/specificity plots. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the validity of pictograms. Validity measures were analyzed across different subgroups of demographic characteristics.

A total of 9263 participants (46% males) were included in the study. The estimated area under the curves were 84% for WC, 77% for WHR, and 89% for WHtR in males, and 84% for WC, 73% for WHR, and 90% for WHtR in females. Optimal pictogram cutoffs to classify central obesity for WC, WHR, and WHtR were 4, 4, and 5 in males and 4, 4, and 6 in females, respectively. The majority of demographic characteristics were not associated with the validity of pictograms.

Using pictograms to determine normal and at-risk categories of abdominal obesity indices is valid among adult population with a wide range of demographic characteristics. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution in those with a positive history of weight fluctuation.

Overweight obesity is now so widespread in the world. This study aims to use an artificial neural network modeling tool to develop a predictive model for the diagnosis of obesity in children and adolescents.   Participants consisted of 460 school students, aged 7-18 years, who studied in a national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN-V). Training network with 10 input variables including: age, sex, weight, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, physical activity, and with output variable obesity with 17 and 15 hidden neurons for girls and boys was designed.   After designing the network, the value of gradient on the data was 0.0021194 for girls and 0.0031658 for boys. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the neural network were 0.9444, 0.9855, 0.9822, respectively in girls, and 0.9655, 0.9757, 0.9755 in boys;  in all these cases, the designed artificial neural network performed better than waist circumference and body mass index. A review of the final weights of this network showed that the input variable body mass index in girls and the input variable waist-to-height ratio in boys had the most influence in diagnosis of obesity.   Our results show that although body mass index has a better diagnostic performance in determining excess body fat than waist circumference, in boys and girls of both groups, and also in all parameters of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the artificial neural network acts better than body mass index and waist circumference, so that with an accuracy of more than 96%, we can detects obesity.

 The predictive power of obesity measures varies according to the presence of coexistent measures. The present study aimed to determine the predictive power of combinations of obesity measures for diabetes by calculation of a linear risk score.

 Data from a population-based cross-sectional study of 994 representative samples of Iranian adults in Babol, Iran were analyzed. Measures of obesity including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist–to–height ratio (WHtR), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated, and diabetes was diagnosed by fasting blood sugar >126 mg/dl or taking antidiabetic medication. Multiple logistic regression model was used to develop a logit risk score based on BMI, WC, WHtR, and WHR. The ROC analysis was applied to determine the priority of every single index and combined logit score for the prediction of diabetes.

 All four measures of general and abdominal obesity were predictors of diabetes individually in both sexes (P=0.0001). Calculation of risk score for a combination of all measures use full model improved predictive power. Adjustment for age resulted in further improvement in diagnostic power and combined novel risk score differentiated individuals with and without diabetes with an accuracy of 0.747 (95%CI: 0.690-0.808) in men and 0.789 (95%CI: 0.740, 0.837) in women.

These findings indicate that the simultaneous calculation of age-adjusted risk score for all measures provides stronger diagnostic accuracy in both sexes. This issue suggests the calculation of combined risk scores for all obesity indices especially in a population at borderline risk.

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) referring to the gastrointestinal and endocrinology clinics of Golestan and Imam Khomeini Hospitals, Ahvaz.

The current cross-sectional study was performed on patients with NAFLD referring to the gastroenterology and endocrinology clinics of Golestan and Emam Khomeini hospitals, Ahvaz in the second half of 2020. Demographic information included age, gender, lumbar posture (while standing and the waist be in the upper edge of the iliac crest at the end of a normal exhalation using a non-elastic meter), grading fatty liver evidenced by ultrasound, and blood pressure and laboratory parameters, including triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was recorded in the checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.

This study was performed on 130 patients with an average age of 46.22 ± 14.27 years. Patients comprised 42 men (32.8%) and 88 women (67.2/%). Also, 63.84% of the patients with NAFLD had metabolic syndrome, and 56.2, 69.6, and 81.8% with grades 1, 2, and 3 of fatty liver, respectively had metabolic syndrome. There was a significant difference in terms of mean height and weight in both gender. There was a significant relationship between age and FBS, so that the levels of FBS increased statistically significantly with age (P < 0.05). Gender had a statistically significant relationship with HDL and waist circumference (P = 0.038). There was no statistically significant relationship between blood pressure, TG, HDL, FBS, and waist circumference, and different grades of fatty liver (P > 0.05).

The current study showed a significant number of patients with NAFLD had metabolic syndrome, so that the most common symptom of metabolic syndrome was low HDL levels, followed by high FBS levels, blood pressure, and TG levels and waist circumference size. Nevertheless, it was not probable to assess whether NAFLD precedes the progress of metabolic syndrome.

Globally Noncommunicable Diseases is lead causes of mortality. This calls for the need of sensitive and cost appropriate screening tools to identify asymptomatic healthy individuals with higher risk and/or subclinical NCD in the community. The study aims to generate pilot evidence based, validated, good quality, cost appropriate, and sustainable risk assessment score for NCD for developing countries like India.

This descriptive retrospective study of diabetic camp data of 84 patients was conducted. A risk score having 10 questions and three measurements for NCDs appropriate for Indian communities was generated. It was compared to IDRS, FINDRISC, FRS, CBAC, and WHO/ISH prediction charts.

The study finally included 36 patients with NCD as case and 44 subjects without NCD as control. The means of weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood sugar were significantly different among the two groups. AMNRAS of more than 14 was highly predictive for an individual to be at risk of NCD or sub clinical case of NCD requiring evaluation. The proposed cut‑off of 8 for AMNRAS, the sensitivity and NPV was highest compared to other score, 88.9% and 84.6%, respectively. Score for the Area under curve was significantly higher for AMNRAS [0.83 (0.74 to 0.92)] compared to other scores.

AMNRAS has higher performance parameters than the other five tested in the present study. Other scoring system performs only modestly in discrimination of NCD cases. The accuracy of AMNRAS for NCD risk will have to be determined in large size cohorts.

Improving the timing and endurance of the deep abdominal muscles, notably transversus abdominis (TrA), is a known protocol for improving spinal stability. TrA is the deepest abdominal muscle, and monitoring its activity is a difficult task. Ultrasound and pressure biofeedback have been employed for monitoring the activity of TrA; however, these methods are expensive, not always available in all clinical settings, and their application requires formal training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a broadly known method, i.e., changes in the waist circumference, to monitor the activity of TrA. 

The study was carried out on 14 subjects following a pilot study of 5 participants. The thickness of TrA measured by ultrasound was considered the standard indicator for activity of TrA and was compared with simu

Improving the timing and endurance of the deep abdominal muscles, notably transversus abdominis (TrA), is a known protocol for improving spinal stability. TrA is the deepest abdominal muscle, and monitoring its activity is a difficult task. Ultrasound and pressure biofeedback have been employed for monitoring the activity of TrA; however, these methods are expensive, not always available in all clinical settings, and their application requires formal training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a broadly known method, i.e., changes in the waist circumference, to monitor the activity of TrA. 

The study was carried out on 14 subjects following a pilot study of 5 participants. The thickness of TrA measured by ultrasound was considered the standard indicator for activity of TrA and was compared with simultaneous measurement of waist circumference. 

A significant criterion validity between the thickness of TrA and the waist circumference was established (Pearson correlation=-0.71, P=0.001), indicating an inverse relationship between changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle and waist circumference.

This result confirmed the hypothesis that changes in the waist circumference could be employed as a suitable indicator for the activity of TrA.ltaneous measurement of waist circumference. 

A significant criterion validity between the thickness of TrA and the waist circumference was established (Pearson correlation=-0.71, P=0.001), indicating an inverse relationship between changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle and waist circumference.

This result confirmed the hypothesis that changes in the waist circumference could be employed as a suitable indicator for the activity of TrA.

The effect of water exercise on weight-loss parameters is still controversial. We aimed to explore the effect of WATERinMOTION (WiM) aquatic exercise on weight loss and metabolic profiles in sedentary obese elderly men.

Sixty-one sedentary older men, who came to the Ukrainian Sports Medicine Center for a weightloss consultation, voluntarily took part in this cross-sectional study (Kyiv, summer 2019). The participants were selected using convenient sampling and allocated randomly to two groups: WiM (n=31) or a control group (n=30). Meanwhile, the WiM group performed the WiM exercise plan with two weekly sessions of 55 minutes each. The control subjects did not participate in any physical exercise. They were asked to perform their routine activities during the study. This study lasted for one month. Anthropometric indices (height, weight, and waist circumference) and metabolic profile assessment (glycemia and lipid profiles) were obtained at baseline and after the study.

No significant differences were found in any of the analyzed parameters. Pre- and post-study comparison showed a significant reduction in weight (-1.8, P = 0.003) and mean BMI (-0.7, P = 0.004) in the WiM group. Furthermore, a significant difference was found only in weight after the study (P = 0.002).

The WiM plan, without dietetic intervention, had a positive influence on weight, waist circumference, and metabolic profiles in sedentary obese elderly men.

 There are controversial studies on weight loss, cardiometabolic markers, and quality of life (QOL) in obese aged women participating in water sports.

 This study aimed to determine the effects of the WATERinMOTION exercise program accompanied with no diet on the inactive obese aged women’s weight, cardiometabolic markers, and QOL.

 Sixty-four inactive obese aged women were recruited to participate in this cross-sectional study at the Ukrainian Sports Center, Kyiv, 2019. They were randomly assigned into two Case (n = 32, with the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program) and control (n = 32, held in a sitting position simultaneously) groups using the convenient sampling method. The two programs were run twice a week (55 minutes each time) and lasted for one month. Moreover, anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist circumference), cardiometabolic markers (blood lipid markers and glycaemia), QOL (SF-36 questionnaire), and dietary monitoring were assessed before and after the intervention.

 The groups did not differ significantly regarding each of the analyzed variables prior to the intervention. Comparing pre-and post-intervention results revealed significant weight loss (-1.3, P = 0.004) and average BMI (-0.4, P = 0.002) in the case group. Moreover, a significant variation was revealed only in terms of weight after the intervention (P = 0.001). Regarding QOL, improvements in health status, vitality, and social aspects were significant in the case group after the intervention.

 The present study suggests that the WATERinMOTION program accompanied with no diet has a positive effect on weight loss, waist circumference, and metabolic profiles in obese aged women. However, the improvement in the QOL should not be neglected.

 Obesity is a severe multifactorial disorder that carries high morbidity and mortality.

 This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU).

 In this cross-sectional study, all patients admitted to the ICU were studied. The demographic characteristics, ICU, and hospital length of stay, organ failure, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, the occurrence of nosocomial infection, and type of admission were recorded for all patients. Patients were categorized based on their BMI.

 In total, 502 patients were studied who 53.2% of them were male. Most of the death (28.6%) were recorded in the obesity class II patients, while the lowest rate (3.9%) was for the normal-weight patients (P value < 0.001). The APACHE II and waist circumference had a statistically significant association with the mortality rate (P value < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, a significant association was found between waist circumference and mortality rate (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.29; P value = 0.014), APACHE II score, and mortality rate (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.91 - 4.07, P value < 0.001); but there was no significant association between BMI and mortality rate.

 This study demonstrated that BMI is associated with an increased risk of mortality, regardless of age and gender. However, after adjusting for age and gender as confounding factors, BMI didn’t have a significant effect on mortality, while the APACHE II score and waist circumference affected the mortality rate.

According to a nationwide study, one-third of the Iranian population suffer from metabolic syn-drome (MetS). The most controversial criteria for the diagnosis of MetS is central obesity which would be definedby waist circumference (WC) and needed to be gender and ethnic-specific. There are several national studiesthat reported different cut-offs for WC so the present study aimed to do a systematic review and meta-analysisto achieve an overall statistical estimate of WC for the Iranian population.

A comprehensive searchwas conducted in international databases from inception to June 2020. The search keywords were waist circum-ference AND metabolic syndrome AND cut AND Iran. We used the QUADAS-2 tool for quality assessment andthe HSROC model for estimating pooled specificity, sensitivity, and the cut-off point from included studies in Rsoftware.

A total of 3571 studies were evaluated and 24 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Finally,8 studies were included. All the studies were cross-sectional. Studies with missing MetS prevalence were ex-cluded. Most of the studies had an unclear risk of bias in patient selection. There was a wide variation amongreported cut-offs for WC from national and original studies. The Pooled cut-off points of WC for the diagnosisof MetS was 90.55 cm (95%CI: 90.51-90.60) in men and 89.24 cm (95%CI: 89.13-89.36) in women. The pooledsensitivity and specificity in men were 0.67 and 0.68, respectively and the pooled sensitivity and specificity inwomen were 0.61 and 0.57, respectively.

Our results were highly consistent with the only nationalstudy and the only consensus about WC cut-off. Further nationwide studies are suggested to be involved in aMata-analysis for calculating more precise WC cut-off.