جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « world » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The current study is a systematic review about information overflow, that was conducted with the aim of identifying the status of researches conducted in this field, determining research gaps and the components and sub-components of interests, research methodology, and challenges and solutions related to the information overflow of studies.

A systematic review was carried out using all articles published (until January 2022) in Persian and English indexed in electronic databases. First, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Then, of the 72 retrieved articles, 20 articles were eligible for analysis. Data were recorded on a checklist based on PRISMA  Model.

The most frequent components of information overflow include the followings: the effective factor in creating information overflow, individual factor, effective instrumental factor in controlling information overflow, effective environmental factors in solving information overflow, solutions for adjusting information overflow, influence of information overflow on users, and technological infrastructures. The challenges of information overflow in other countries included disappointment, fatigue, stress, feeling flustered, physical and mental pressure, technological overload, confusion, and regret. The challenges in Iran included organizational limitations, human limitations, reluctance to disclose information, complexity of organizations, unoffical and decentralized organizations (50%). The solutions and suggestions presented in the articles included proper management of information overload, value engineering, information control, information and communication technology skills training, and appropriate architecture.

By reviewing the researches on information overflow, the results were identified in terms of factors affecting information overflow, existing challenges, and possible solutions. Researchers working in Information Science and Knowledge, software engineers, etc., can be more successful in web-based projects by being aware of the issues raised in this research.

In the works of Khajavi Kermani, we always see the unpleasant and deceptive image of the world. This attitude is in line with what is seen in mystical schools; But what invites the audience to reconsider this attitude is the undeniable alignment that links the view expressed in Khajoo's works to the way the world is presented in Nahj al-Balaghah. What has been narrated about the world in Nahj al-Balaghah shows its rejection and condemnation by the pious Mawlawi, an attitude that has not been dealt with severely in the Qur'an, the holy book of Muslims, and of course this means a contradiction in the thought of Imam Ali (as). Is not with the teachings of the Qur'an; Rather, it is the necessity of social conditions that has led the Imam to write such a view. In this article, we try to compare the attitude of Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah with secularism in the works of Khajavi Kermani. This article will be done in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the similarities and inequalities of Khajavi Kermani's view of the world with Nahj al-Balagheh's view of the world. The main question of the research is to what extent secularism has been influenced by Nahj al-Balaghah in the works of Khajavi Kermani. The results of the research show that Khajavi Kermani, who was familiar with Nahj al-Balaghah and the words of Ali (AS), describes the world as worthless, deceptive, unstable and oppressive, and forbids turning a blind eye to it.

Immigrants are considered as a group at risk of mental health resulting from Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), due to living conditions and less access to health services. Therefore, the present review study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of COVID-19 epidemic on the mental health of immigrants in the world.

This study is a systematic review. Keywords are COVID-19 pandemic, Immigrants and COVID-19, Mental health and COVID-19, Immigrants and Mental health, and their Persian equivalents in the related articles indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2021. Articles were reviewed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis was performed qualitatively and descriptively, and the results were summarized in the form of flow chart and tables.

By searching the database, 740 articles were obtained, and finally 31 articles were included in the study. The articles were classified into four categories including: original research articles (13 articles), review articles (3 articles), comments and viewpoints (6 articles), and other articles (letters to the editor, editorials, qualitative articles) including 9 articles.

The results of published studies showed that COVID-19 epidemic is an important risk factor for mental health disorders of migrants and refugees. It seems that disseminating disease-related information in different languages and cultures in the media, increasing awareness, providing mental health services for immigrants and mental health education services through social networks and the Internet can be helpful.

To accurately estimate the Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, it is necessary to convert the raw data to the incidence and fatality rate.The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and Fatality rate of Covid-19 in the world by countries and six regions of the World Health Organization (WHO). By reporting incidence and Fatality rate instead of morbidity and mortality, a more accurate and realistic understanding of the incidence and fatality due to Covid-19 is obtained, which allows comparisons between countries.

In this cross-sectional study, cumulative numbers of incidence and fatality due to Covid-19 for all countries of the world were extracted from the start of pandemic to august 2021. Sources included data published by the WHO, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The World Bank and United Nations websites were used to calculate world morbidity and mortality rates.

The total number of reported cases worldwide is 191,773,590. Iran ranks 13th in the world with 3,603,527 reported cases. However, the incidence of the disease is 24.6 per 1000 population in the world, 16.4 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and 42.9 in Iran. The incidence of the disease in Iran is 74% higher than the global average and 162% higher than in the MENA, respectively. However, Iran rank is 87th among all countries. The fatality rate due to COVID-19 calculated 2.4 % in Iran. The fatality rate in Iran is higher than world (2.15%) and five WHO regions (1.22-2.10%) except NENA region (3.26%). Iran in terms of fatality rate is ranked 67 in the world. However,the fatality rate has decreed from 5.4% in October 2020, which was ranked second in the world after Mexico.

From the beginning of the Covid-19 epidemic until August 1400, the incidence of the disease in Iran is higher than the global average and the four regions of South-east Asia, MENA,the western Pacific and Africa, but less than the Americas and Europe. In terms of fatality rate, Iran’s rate is higher than the global average and five regions of the WHO, and only less than the MENA region.

The sudden outbreak of Covid 19 has affected the worldchr('39')s higher education system and has led to changes in conventional teaching methods at most universities. The purpose of this study is a comparative study of challenges and opportunities of higher education during the Corona pandemic in Iran and the world.

The present study is a review study. Data using a systematic review of information resources in the databases ProQuest, Science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, in the period 2019 and 2020 based on the keywords Corona, ‌ Medical education, higher education, Challenge, opportunity was done. Finally, out of 44 collected articles, 31 articles were studied. Resource analysis was performed in the form of documentary content analysis.

Based on the findings of the present study, 28 challenges and 24 opportunities each were found in 6 areas of resource analysis that are considered as challenges and opportunities of higher education during the Corona pandemic in Iran and the world. These challenges and opportunities are two different aspects of the impact of Corona on higher education.

According to the research findings, it is recommended that university officials and administrators develop appropriate measures and decisions, laws and regulations required in critical situations such as Corona. Also provide the necessary guidance to change the approach of traditional education to e-learning and combination education in order to promote higher education.

The main purpose of this study was to compare the predictive power of the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with the Human Development Index (HDI) with regard to the share of deaths caused by Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) among all deaths in the world and Iran.  

The data required for this cross-sectional ecological study were extracted from the reports of the United Nations Human Development Program and the WHO in 2015. Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the correlation of HDI and IHDI with the share of deaths caused by NCDs and linear regressions models were used to determine the associations of IHDI and HDI with the dependent variable.

At a significant level of P<0.01, the dependent variable showed a strong positive correlation with HDI (0.892) and IHDI (0.899). Simple linear regression showed that HDI alone predicted the dependent variable well (Adj.R2=0.794, P<0.001).However, according to the multivariate linear regression model, when IHDI and HDI were included in the model, IHDI was able to predict the dependent variable well (Adj.R2=0.809, P=0.001), while the relationship between HDI and the dependent variable was no longer significant.

Although HDI alone is an important predictor of NCD status, it loses its influence in the presence of IHDI. Therefore, in addition to HDI, IHDI that illustrates the impact of inequality on human development can provide more information on the status of deaths caused by NCDs.

Worldliness is the destination of the world and the pursuit of world power and wealth without regard to the immortality of the world and the truth of the hereafter. This study examines the reasons for Worldliness criticism from the perspective of Islamic citizenship with emphasis on the verses of the Qurchr('39')an and Nahjul Balagheh. A library method is used to study and analyze the views of religious thinkers in the present study. The Holy Qurchr('39')an has repeatedly denounced excessive attention to the world and the worldliness and considered it one of the most important reasons for the decline of past societies and civilizations. It was also stated that the most important reason some people did not accept the invitation of the prophets was their worldliness. What is not used in the verses and narrations is that love and affection for the world and its contents, such as children, property and other forms of life, are bad and the remedy is not to suppress interests and affection. Rather, what is ugly in Islam is intense dependence and attachment to the world. Therefore, the world that is cursed in the Islamic culture and most blamed on Nahj al-Balagha is the world against religion, not the world against the hereafter, because the world and the hereafter are interconnected and the world is the basis for entry. In Nahj al-Balagha, also there have been many accusations and denunciations of the world from the language of Imam Ali (AS). In fact, worldliness has been cited as a factor in deviating from justice in Islamic citizenship. Finally, it can be stated that there is no encouragement of the worldliness in the principles of Islamic citizenship and the respect for the rights of oneself and other citizens requires independence from the world.

Talking about evaluation of countries and communities’ responses to corona virus needs specific criteria; some of them are discussed in this manuscript as below: 1-Population: Count and structure of population affect the outcome of COVID-19 management, the elder population are more prone to mortality and morbidity from corona virus. 2-The Economic, Political and Social structure of the country: Given the experience gained, this is probably the most effective component on the outcome of Corona pandemic. 3-Solidarity and integrated managerial system coupled with people-centered politics are another issues that should be taken into more consideration in any evaluation process. Communities such as China, eastern and south-eastern countries which received orders and executions from one source were more successful. At the same time, communities such as England and the United States have suffered partly due to their unintegrated domestic policy. Despite the delay, thanks to the presence of a unified leadership and coherent management as well as community participation, our country was among the successful communities. 4-Structure of Health Delivery System (HDS): Universal coverage is an indicator to evaluate HDS. The more public health coverage, the more successful would be the plan. Iran, Scandinavian communities and Southeast Asian countries with their good universal coverage were more successful than western countries. It is worth noting here that England is an exceptional country owing to its good universal coverage based on leveling of services, referral system; however, its success was affected by its economic and political status as well as financial payments index which has been mainly defined for medical services. 5-Health Facilities: Efficacy of this item was under controlled by national economic and political managerial system and universal health coverage at health delivery system. The United States, for example, reveals 2 to 3 times as many manpower and hospital beds and equipment as many eastern and western communities. However, the public suffered from COVID-19 due to the poor socio-economic structure. Conflicts in providing these facilities further tarnished the image of the West. Iran otherwise of US sanctions did a good job regarding producing health facilities and even could exporte them. 6- Knowledge responding to corona virus: The experience and knowledge of responding to COVID-19 were distributed fast all over the globe and used by health providers; however, MOLECULLAR CELULLAR and DIGITAL sciences made difference among the countries. All of the successful countries such as china, Singapore, south chorea, Nippon benefited from these sciences, to build up the diagnostic facilities and detection of affected cases and thus responding fast to them. Iran was somewhat successful in molecular-cellular science; however, showed weak and dependent in digital science demonstrating needs to work more seriously in these fields not only in responding corona crisis but as a developmental knowledge, which is hoped to be considered by policymakers and managers in the future.

Each person’s inner tendencies has a crucial role in his spiritual health. Worldliness is a tendency which has serious consequences for the health and bliss of people’s both individual and social life and impede them from the attainment of spiritual health and a blissful life. There are too many valuable solutions to this problem in our religious teachings. In this article, by using religious texts, my main intention is to explain and analyze this disastrous phenomenon from two viewpoints: first, the determination of key factors cause worldliness, for instance: attractions of earthly pleasures, weakness of faith and the prevalence of ignorance and materialistic opinions amongst politicians and decision-makers. Second, the recognition of unfavorable consequences of worldliness for spiritual health such as distress, mental illness, abasement, corrupt behavior, and finally the solutions to this catastrophic disease.

Violence during pregnancy affects both mother and fetus. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between physical, sexual and psychological violence during pregnancy and low birth weight in the world as a meta-analysis.
Methods & Materials: This study is a meta-analysis that was performed on articles published in Persian and English languages from the beginning of 1995 to the end of 2015. Articles were extracted by searching in the databases of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google scholar, Science Direct, Irandoc, Magiran, Medlib, and SID using key words of violence during pregnancy, low birth weight, physical, sexual and psychological violence and their compounds. The results of studies were combined using a random effects model in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the I2 index and meta-regression, and the data analysis was performed using STATA software v.11.2 and SPSS software v.16.
Of 254 found articles, 16 relevant articles with the sample number of 117287 people were included in the study. The results of meta-analysis showed that physical OR:1.61 (CI95%:2.04–2.28), psychological OR:1.26 (CI95%:1.02–1.56) and sexual violence OR:1.26 (CI95%:1.02–1.56) during pregnancy, lead to an increase in the rate of low birth weight infants in the exposed mothers.
Physical, psychological and sexual violence during pregnancy lead to an increase in the rate of low birth weight infants in the exposed mothers. Therefore, maternal screening and counseling by trained general practitioners and professionals before and during pregnancy are recommended.

The rate of cesarean section is increasing in developing and developed countries. Due to the probability of side-effects of cesarean and the importance of knowing the growing trend of this type of delivery, this study was performed with aim to survey the trend of caesarian section in Iran and the world in different studies.
In this review article, data was collected through databases of PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords of Cesarean Section Rate, caesarian section prevalence, delivery, childhood, relative causes, relative frequency. Time duration for article's selection was 1990 to 2015. Eventually, 45 articles were included in the study.
Worldwide, the rate of cesarean increased from 6.7% in 1990 to 19.1% in 2014, which represents a 12.4% increase. Cesarean rates increased 14.6 % in developing countries and 12.7% in developed countries. The cesarean rate in the United States increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 32.8 % in 2011. In Iran, the caesarean rate increased from 16% in 1985 to 60% in 2013.
Current rate of cesarean section, except for less developed countries, is consistently increasing and is higher than what is considered medically justifiable. The steep increase and inappropriate rate of caesarean section represents a health problem in Iran and requires the attention of government officials. Since there are numerous factors about the need for caesarean section, various strategies including mother-friendly hospitals, development of standard protocols; preparation classes for mothers, midwives, and gynecologists, and workshops for specialists and midwives should be considered to avoid unnecessary use of this method.