جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « الکتروفنتون » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In recent years, concerns have been raised about the presence of a wide range of drug substances and antibiotics in aquatic environments. Usually these materials are due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment technologies, From various routes such as agricultural runoff, direct discharge from urban wastewater treatment plants, human waste products, direct disposal of medical waste, industry, etc. into aquatic environments. The present study aims at the removal of penicillin G through electrofenton process in the aqueous solution.

The present study was conducted on laboratory scale in tanks made of glass using iron electrodes with useful volume 400 cc. The device is equipped with a flow rate regulator and voltage regulator to control these variables. Urban alternate current forms the input to the devices. The tank was filled with synthetic penicillin G with a concentration of 50-200 mg/L. The removal of penicillin G at potential 26V, the intensity of the 0.05-0.6A, Time 0-120 min, pH: 3-12 and the distance between the electrodes was measured in the range of 1-4cm.

The aim of present study was to the potential of the processes of electrofenton removal of penicillin G in aquatic environments. The results were pH of 3, the electric current density 0.6A, reaction time 20min, the concentration of antibiotic 50mg/l, and the distance between electrodes 1cm with concentration of H2O2 25mmol . in these circumstances, the results showed that electrocoagulation process is the ability to remove 100 percent of the pollutants.

The results of this study illustrate that electrofenton process with iron electrodes is cost-effective removal of organic compounds.

 Produced wastewater by various industries is a dangerous and considerable pollution resource for the environment. The presence of non-biodegradable dyes in effluents of dying industries is regarded as a major problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of electro-fenton process in dye removal from the wastewater of dying industries.

 In the present experimental study conducted in 2017, wastewater sampling was performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The samples were transferred to the electrochemical cell reactor and the effect of different parameters such as applied voltage, iron concentration, pH, and reaction time on dye removal efficiency were investigated.

According to the results, optimum conditions of Electro-Fenton process in dye removal was determined. Accordingly, in applied voltages of 25 and 35 V in 100 and more than 200 mg/L dye concentrations, , reaction time of 50 - 60 minutes, Fe2+ concentration of 0.3 mg/L and pH of 3 the dye removal efficiency of 99.8 % was achieved.

The electro-fenton process is able to remove dye with different concentrations and maximum efficiency. Based on the results, the applied voltage and the concentration of Fe2+ were the parameters that are more efficient and pH along with reaction time demonstrated less impact on the efficiency of the electro-fenton process in dye removal from industrial wastewater.

Metronidazole is one of the antibiotics that are widely used and resistant to biodegradation, it is one of the most important pollutants in the environment. The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of the Electro-Fenton process for removing metronidazole from synthetic wastewater using iron electrode under operating different conditions.

 The present study was an experimental, laboratory-scale study that was done discontinuously. The effect of soluble pH variables (11, 9, 7, 5, 3), initial concentration of metronidazole (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/ L), electrode spacing (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 cm), hydrogen peroxide concentration (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) and current intensity (1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.05 A) with the mixing rate of 100 RPM at ambient temperature was investigated. The reaction kinetics was also studied. The antibiotic concentration was read by UV / Vis T80 + spectrophotometer at 320 nm wavelength.

 The results showed that at optimum conditions (pH 7, 120 minutes, antibiotic concentration 20 mg / L, the hydrogen peroxide concentration 150 mg / L, inlet current intensity of 0.05 A and electrode spacing of 1 cm), The removal efficiency of metronidazole by Electro-Fenton process was 96.37%.

According to the results, it was found that Electro-Fenton with iron electrodes can be used as an effective method in the removal of metronidazole from aqueous solutions.

Ciprofloxacin is an emerging and degradable pollutant that cannot be efficiently removed by common water and wastewater treatment processes. Electro-Fenton process is one of the most effective processes for the treatment of these compounds. Hence, the present study aimed to remove ciprofloxacin by Electro-Fenton method with heterogeneous catalysts, Fe+2 and Fe+3.

In this laboratory study, a reactor with 250 ml capacity, containing two mesh stainless steel (1×8cm) with a spacing of 2 centimeters, was used to remove ciprofloxacin. The effect of different factors such as ciprofloxacin concentration, current density, catalyst concentration and reaction time were investigated. Sampling was performed using spectrophotometer at 275 nm. One-factor method was used to design the experiments.

The highest removal rate of ciprofloxacin in the presence of two iron sources, magnetite nanoparticles and iron sulfate, under optimal initial concentration of ciprofloxacin 20 mg/L, catalyst concentration=1 g/L, current density=120 mA, hydrogen peroxide concentration=100 mg/L, contact time= 45 minutes and pH=3 were 97.89 % and 99.99%, respectively.

The results showed that Electro-Fenton process can remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions, but it is recommended to use magnetite nanoparticles as iron sources due to recycling and reuse possibility of nanoparticles.

Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry has high chemical oxygen demand as a result of the presence of organic drugs and antibiotics. In order to meet the environmental requirements, several treatment methods like chemical and electrochemical methods have been widely applied due to their high ability to remove organic compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of chemical coagulation/Electro-Fenton treatment method to degrade the organic matter-containing pharmaceutical industry wastewater. The experimental tests were carried out using batch mode. The chemical coagulation process was evaluated as a function of aluminum chloride concentration (25-300 mg/L) and pH (3-10). The effluent from chemical coagulation process was transferred to Electro-Fenton reactor. Effects of H2O2 concentration (100-4000 mg/L), reaction time (up to 120 min), voltage (10-30 V), and pH (3-10) were evaluated. The removal efficiency was determined in term of COD removal. The results showed that the highest removal of COD in the chemical coagulation was 49% (coagulant dose of 200 mg/L, and pH of 7). In addition, the Electro-Fenton process could be eliminating of 93.5% of COD at the optimum conditions concentration (100 mg/L H2O2, voltage of 20, pH of 3, and contact time of 30 min). According to the results, it can be concluded that the combination of chemical and electrochemical processes was found to be effective methods for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in comparison to the application of each process separately. To reach to the maximum removal efficiency, the environmental parameters should be carefully controlled at their optimum values in each single process.

The indiscriminate consumption of antibiotics and their discharge into the environment have created serious complications. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these contaminants from the aquatic environment. The antibiotic Metronidazole is a contaminant that should be eliminated from the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Electro-Fenton advanced oxidation process for the removal of metronidazole from aqueous solution.
This research method was experimental and bench scale. The influence of factors such as solution pH, reaction time, the initial concentration of metronidazole, electric current, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the removal efficiency were investigated.
In this study, the dose of hydrogen peroxide, electric current, and reaction time had a positive effect on metronidazole removal efficiency, while the initial concentration of metronidazole had a negative effect. The optimal values of variable for the removal of more than 99% metronidazole were: pH =7, current 30v, reaction time 40min, dose of hydrogen peroxide 0.02 mol/l and the initial concentration of metronidazole 10mg/l.
The Electro-Fenton process can effectively remove metronidazole from aquatic solutions in environmentally convenient conditions. This process can be used as an efficient method for removing other persistent pollutants from the environment.

Diazinon is one of the most important pesticides extremely used in agriculture. Since these compounds are resistant to biodegradation, the arrival of these compounds to water resources has become a serious environmental problem. Therefore, in the current work, the removal of diazinon from groundwater was investigated using advanced oxidation processes electro Fenton.
the current work was conducted in lab scale. The effect of operating parameters such as initial concentration of diazinon (1-30 mg.L-1), pH solution(3-9), current density (1-10 mA.cm-2), reaction time (3-30 min), and dosage of H2O2 (20-100 µL.L-1) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters and suggested model was analyzed using ANOVA.
On the optimum condition including initial diazinon concentration of 6.88 mg.L-1, pH solution of 3, the reaction time of 10 min, the current density of 8.18 mA.cm-2, and dosage H2O2 of 83.78 µL.L-1 removal efficiency of diazinon was found to be 98.5 %. Electrical energy consumption (EEC) was found to be 0.524 kWh.m-3. Moreover, the concentration of diazinon in groundwater was found to be 0.934±0.053 µg.L-1.
According to the obtained results, electro Fenton process was found to be an efficient technique for successful removal of diazinon and other resistant ungradable organic compound from water sources.

Amoxicillin is the most commonly used antibiotics that draws more attractions due to induce bacterial resistance.
This compound can enter the aquatic environment through different routes including sewage and waste disposal of medical health centers, veterinary and industries. The aim of this study was removal of amoxicillin from aqueous environments by Electro-Fenton process using modified graphite felt and synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co- precipitation method. Graphite felt also modified due to avoid aeration. The structural and physical characteristics of nanocatalyst and also modified graphite felt were analyzed by SEM, EDS and BET techniques. After optimization of pH and time variables, the parameters of applied current, amoxicillin concentration, catalyst load and the distance between electrodes were designed using Design Expert 7.0 software and optimized by the response surface method.
The graphite felt modification resulted in increase in surface area from 0.89 to 1.92 m2/g. The maximum removal of amoxicillin (97.11%) was obtained in optimal operational conditions (pH=3, time=60 min, applied current =180 mA, amoxicillin concentration=20 mg/L, catalyst load 1 g/L, the distance between electrodes =2 cm)
The result of this study indicated that electro-Fenton process using Fe3O4 nanoparticles and modified Graphite felt without external aeration is an effective method for amoxicillin removal.

Industrialization has led not only to an increase in water demand, but also to an increase in water pollution due to the discharge of polluted industrial wastewaters with high salt content, and the organic compounds such as phenol into the water bodies.
This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of electrocuagulation and electro-Fenton processes in phenol removal from saline wastewater using Taguchi exprimental design method.
Material and This experimental study was performed in a reactor (1 liter) with synthetic phenolic saline wastewater. In this study for electrocoagulation process, the effects of five operation parameters on phenol removal efficiency including reaction time (20-80 min), electrolyte (1-4%), pH (3-5-7-9), initial phenol concentration (500-1000-1500-250 mg/L) and current density (4-16 mA/cm2) were investigated in four levels by Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. Also for electro-Fenton process, the effects of six operation parameters on removal efficiency in five levels including reaction time (20-80 min), electrolyte (0-4%), pH (2-3-4-6-8), initial phenol concentration (250-500-1000-1500-2000), current density ( 0-16mA/cm2) and hydrogen peroxide (50-300mg/L) were evaluated by Taguchi L25 orthogonal array. The concentration of phenol was determined according to the estandard method in spectrophotometric wavelength of 500 nm.
Experimental data showed that the optimum phenol elimination condition in electrocuagulation process was initial phenol concentration of 250 mg/L, pH = 5, electrolyt = 3%, curent density of 8 mA/cm2 and reaction time of 60 min. The most influential factor in removal efficiency was the initial concentration (63.2%), and the lowest effect belonged to the electrolyt (4.2%).
The optimum phenol removal condition for electro-Fenton process was initial concentration of 250 mg/L, pH:3, electrolyt:2%, hydrogen peroxide:150 mg/L, current density of 8 mA/cm2 and 20 mine contact time. The most influential factor in elimination efficiency was the curent density (29.12%), and the lowest influence on response variable belonged to the reaction time (3.08%).
This study showed the electro-Fenton process was effective in the removal of phenolthat can be used as an appropriate process in wastewater treatment.

Leachate contamination is one of the major problems caused by landfilling. high concentrations of COD and existence of toxic compounds in landfill leachate and makes it difficult for direct biodegradation. This study aims to optimize the operational parameters of electro-Fenton process for COD removal from landfill leachate in Tehran.
The experiments were performed at bench scale using a batch reactor. Treatment of landfill leachate by electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) method was carried out in an electrolytic reactor. Moreover, the effect of operations such as reaction time, initial pH, initial H2O2 concentration, electrical current on the efficiency of E-Fenton process were investigated.
Findings: The results revealed that (E-Fenton) process can be used for the efficient treatment of landfill leachate applying the proper operating conditions. The best removal efficiency was obtained within 30 min with constant DC current value of 4.9 mA /cm2, H2O2 concentration is 1.5gL−1 and the initial pH value is 3. COD removal of 87.2% was obtained in these operational conditions.
Discussion & According to the obtained results, E-Fenton technology is able to produce sufficient amounts of advanced oxidants in situ to degrade great COD of leachate. In addition, (E-Fenton) process has been reported as one of the most appropriate pretreatment systems for degradation COD of leachate concentrates. This process improve biodegradability of the landfill leachate.

Background and & Chlorophenols are classified as non-biodegradable hazardous materials. Therefore, the purpose of this study was investigation of electro-Fenton and UV/TiO2 processes efficiencies in removal of para-chlorophenol from aqueous solution.
In this experimental study a cylindrical glass equipped with 2 iron electrodes with total effective surface area of 50 cm2, as a electro-Fenton reactor, and a quartz cylindrical reactor with a volume of 190 ml equipped with 2 UVA lamps (6watt), as a photocatalysis reactor, were used to remove para-chlorophenol. The operating parameters of electro-Fenton process such as initial para-chlorophenol concentration, pH, H2O2 concentration and current density were investigated. Then obtained effluent was introduced to UV/TiO2 process and operating parameters such as TiO2 dosage and pH were examined.
The results showed that para-chlorophenol removal efficiency of 65% was achieved in pH=3, H2O2=5 mM, current density=3 mA/cm2, and reaction time of 45 min. In combination of electro-Fenton and UV/TiO2 (pH=5.8 and TiO2=1.5 g/L) processes the removal efficiency of 97% was attained.
The results revealed that combination of electro-Fenton and UV/TiO2 processes is an efficient method to remove para-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions.

Antibiotics are usually stable and biologically active. They have potential negative effects on the environment and organisms and cause drug resistance in humans. This study carried out to assess the performance of the Electro-Fenton process to remove Amoxicillin (AMX) from synthetic solution by using iron electrodes at different operating conditions.
In present experimental study a Plexiglas cell (1.95 liter in volume) with two iron electrodes of 10×3×0.1 cm was used. Experiments were carried out at different conditions i.e. pH of 3 to 9, current density of 16.6 to 50 mAcm-2, 0.08 to 0.33 mole of H2O2 and initial amoxicillin concentration of 30 to 120 mg L-1 at reaction time of 10 and 120 min. AMX samples and total iron were measured using direct optical spectrometer at 294 nm and phenanthroline method at 510 nm, respectively.
The highest efficiency of 94% was observed at; initial pH=3, electrolyte of 2.5 g L-1, current density=50 mAcm-2, H2O2 concentration=0.16 M, initial amoxicillin concentration of 30 mg L-1 with a retention time of 120 minutes. The highest concentration of iron in the effluent was recorded as 10.9 mg L-1 for a reaction time of 80 min, current density of 41.6 mA.cm-2, pH = 3, H2O2 concentration of 0.16 M and the amoxicillin concentration of 80 mg L-1.
The Electro-Fenton method demonstrated acceptable removal efficiency using iron electrodes from synthetic effluent on a laboratory scale. However, the removal efficiency was unacceptable for amoxicillin initial concentrations higher than 50 mg L-1. But, industrial effluents usually contain much lower concentrations than that of tested levels.

Methylene blue (MB) is one of the cationic dyes whose presence in textile industries wastewater can be hazardous for ecological systems as well as general health due to aromatic features. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-fenton (EF) processes at decoloration of MB dye from aqueous solutions using iron electrode. This research is a laboratory study carried out as pilot in library scale in the first half of 2014 in Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman Medical Sciences University. The reactor with general volume of 500 ml containing two Fe-Fe plate electrodes (15×2 cm) connected to a] direct current: (DC) [power supply was used for decoloration of MB dye. The effects of different factors such as contact time, dye concentration, Hydrogen Peroxide concentration (for EF process), used energy, electrolyte, optimal pH, and inter electrode distance were investigated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The average efficiency rate of removing MB through EC in optimal conditions (with primary dye concentration of 25 mg/L, pH=7, current density=50 mA, contact time=30 min, inter electrode distance=1 cm) was 93.3%±1.3%, and the removing efficiency rate of EF in optimal conditions (with primary hydrogen peroxide concentration of 100 mmol/L, the primary dye concentration=25 mg/L, pH=5, current density=0.05 A, contact time=30 min, inter electrode distance=1 cm) was obtained 78.9%±0.1% (p=0.003). The results showed that both EC and EF methods were effective in removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions however, with optimization of effective operational factors, EC method could be more efficient.

The growth of population, improvement of quality of life and the development of industries have led to increase in the rate of urban and industrial waste. As the leachate of the waste has a lot of pollution, influences harmfully human health and the environment. Researches have shown that the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton and Fenton-related processes can reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the leachate effectively. In this paper, the rate of decrease in the total suspended solids (TSS) of leachate from a composting facility in Isfahan was studied using electrochemical, Fenton and electro-Fenton processes. These processes were conducted at reaction times 0, 20, 40, and 60 minutes, with the currents of 0.5, 1 and 1.5A and hydrogen peroxide dosages 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/L. In the three mentioned processes, the most TSS removal was observed at the first 40 minute of the reactions. Among the studied processes, the electro-Fenton removed up to 92.4% of the TSS and was recognized as the most effective method. Furthermore, electrochemical and Fenton removed 41.7% and 60.3% of the TSS, respectively. Therefore, decreasing the TSS of leachate could change its qualities and reduce the leachate pollution and the adverse environmental effects.

Electrochemical processes have been applied effectively to remove organic compounds from aqueous solutions. In this work، the efficiencies of Electro Fenton (EF) process and Electrocoagulation (EC) using iron electrodes were investigated for removal of Acid Black 1. This experimental study was performed in a batch reactor and the effects of parameters such as pH، time، voltage، H2O2 and dye concentrations، and COD removal were investigated. In Electro Fenton process H2O2 was chemically added to the reactor while iron anode electrode was used as a ferrous ion source. The results showed that pH، voltage and H2O2 concentration were the main parameters in EF process. The optimum conditions in EF process were obtained at pH 3، H2O2concentration of 100 mg/l and 20 V. With increasing pH from 3 to 11 and voltage from 20 to 40 V the removal efficiency decreased، however، in the EC process the maximum efficiency was obtained at pH 7. Electro Fenton and Electrocoagulation using iron electrodes are suitable processes for dye degradation and treatment of colored wastewater.

Electrochemical methods as one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), have been applied effectively to degrade recalcitrant organics in aqueous solutions. In the present work, the performance of electro-Fenton (EF) method using iron electrodes on the degradation of phenol was studied. In this study, a lab-scale EF batch reactor equipped with four electrodes and a DC power supply was used for removing phenol. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, voltage, H2O2 and initial phenol concentration and operating time were evaluated. We added H2O2 manually to the reactor while iron anode electrode was applied as a ferrous ion source. It was found that initial pH of the solution, initial H2O2 concentration, applied voltages were highly effective on the phenol removal efficiency in this process, so that 87% of phenol after 15 min of reaction at pH=3.0, voltage 26 V and H2O2 100 mg/L was removed. Phenol removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH, so that at pH 10, after 15 min, efficiency was 11%. To remove 99.99% phenol at pH 3, 100 mg/L concentration of H2O2 and voltage 26 V for 60 min was required. Electro-Fenton process using iron electrodes for phenol degradation and remediation of wastewater could be a promising process.

Cyanide is a very hazardous compound that enters into the environment by different industries. In this study performance of Electrofenton process (EFP) for elimination of cyanide from aquatic environment in presence of humic Acid as an interfering compound was evaluated. In this experimental study، at every step of experiment، 1000 mL of cyanide solution with known concentrations was added to a reactor. The effects of selected parameters such as pH (3-10)، reaction time (5-20 min) cyanide concentrations (100–1000 mg/l)، voltage (10-30V)، hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5-50 ml/lit)، and humic acid levels (25-100 mg/L) on cyanide removal were investigated. The results showed that efficiency of EFT process decreased with increasing pH، concentrations of cyanide and humic acid and increased with increasing voltage and hydrogen peroxide levels. The efficiency of 72% was achieved for EFP process in optimum conditions of pH = 3، initial concentration of cyanide = 100 mg/lit، hydrogen peroxide level = 25 ml/lit، voltage = 30V، and humic acid concentration = 25 mg/lit. In the same conditions، however، EFP efficiency was 96% in the absence of humic acid The overall results show that this process has high ability on removal of cyanide. This process was influenced by the parameters studied and the removal efficiency was varied with variation of each parameter.

Background and Nitrate contamination in aqueous solution has become an increasingly serious environmental problem. Hence, in this study removal of nitrate in aqueous solution was reviewed using electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-fenton (EF) processes for Fe electrodes. In the present study, an EC and EF reactor in a lab scale to an approximate volume of 1 liter was proposed for removing of nitrate polluted water which was equipped with four Fe-Fe electrodes with dimensions 200 × 20 × 2 mm. The effects of operating parameters such as initial nitrate concentration, applied voltage (10-30 V), initial pH of the solution (3-12), different initial hydrogen peroxide (for EF process) and reaction times (5-30 minutes) were evaluated. The batch experimental results showed that initial nitrate concentration, initial pH of the solution, different applied voltages, initial H2O2 concentration and reaction times were highly effective on the nitrate removal efficiency in these processes. Based on the results, over 88% of nitrate in optimum condition (pH = 8, applied voltage = 30 V, initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/l) have been removed in EC process. In addition, the application of EF process can remove 93% of nitrate at pH = 3, applied voltage = 30 V, initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/l and 5 ml H2O2/l. Both EC and EF technologies can highly remove nitrate in aqueous solution. However, it was found that much better nitrate removal efficiency could be achieved by EF process than by EC process at the same condition.

Electro-Fenton process has been widely applied for dye removal from aqueous solution lately. Fenton's reagent is formed in the electrolysis medium through the simultaneous electrochemical reduction of O2 and Fe3+ to H2O2 and Fe2+ respectively on the cathode surface. In this paper, COD reduction potential and decolorization of real textile wastewater were evaluated by electrochemically generated Fenton reagent process. This wastewater mainly contains non-biodegradable acidic dyes, which are highly resistant against conventional oxidizing agents. Electro-Fenton process was carried out in an open and undivided cell in order to evaluate the removal of color and COD from real textile wastewater using graphite felt (cathode) and Pt plate (anode) at room temperature. The effects of current density, flow rate of air, electrolysis time, initial pH, and ferrous ion concentration were investigated for real textile wastewater. The results showed that the optimal experimental conditions obtained in electrochemical studies were as follows: current density=4.8 mA cm-2, pH=3, flow rate of air=1.5L/min, Fe2+=3mM and reaction time=160 min. Under these conditions, COD removal and decolorization achieved were 63% and 77.2% respectively. According to the results achieved, electro-Fenton process can be used as a pretreatment for degradation of colored wastewater and refractory pollutants. Moreover, this feasible technology improves biodegradability of the textile wastewater.

Formaldehyde is a toxic substance and harmful to human beings and the environmental health. Therefore، the effluents containing formaldehyde have to be efficiently treated before discharging into the environment. This study was aimed at investigating the efficiency of Electro-Fenton (EF) Process in pre-treating industrial wastewater containing high concentrations of formaldehyde. The effect of the important operational variables including pH، current density، H2O2 dosage، and reaction time were evaluated on the degradation of 7500 mg/L formaldehyde using batch tests. The EFP batch reactor was consisted of a cylindrical glass column with 5. 20 cm in internal diameter and 34. 50 cm in height. Working volume of the reactor was 500 mL. The maximum formaldehyde removal was obtained at alkaline pH of 10، H2O2 concentration of 10 mM/min، current intensity 8. 5 mA/cm2، and the reaction time of 6 minute. Furthermore، aerating the EFP cell could enhance the formaldehyde removal. Complete removal of formaldehyde was obtained under the abovementioned operational conditions. This study demonstrated that the EFP is capable of reducing high concentration of formaldehyde (7500 mg/l) to the level suitable for biological post-treatment.