جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « درمان وجودی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

An increase in blood pressure in adulthood is associated with a decline in hope in hypertensive patients, and it seems that with the help of "Existential Group Therapy", hope can be improved in hypertensive patients. The aim of the present study was the effectiveness of "Existential Group Therapy" on hope in patients with hypertension.

The study method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included patients suffering from high blood pressure referred to Atiyeh Hospital in Tehran in Autumn and Winter of 2022. Among them, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly and with lottery assigned to the intervention group and the control group. Research instruments included demographic questionnaire and "Snyder Hope Scale". Content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After conducting 10 sessions of "Existential Group Therapy" for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS .24.

“Existential Group Therapy” had an effect on the subscales of pathways thinking and agency thinking (P=0.001) and had an increasing effect. The effect of time increased the subscales of pathways thinking and agency thinking (P=0.001) compared to the pre-test stage. The interaction effect of time*groups compared to the control group (P=0.001) was effective on the subscales of pathways thinking and agency thinking.

"Existential Group Therapy" was effective in increasing hope in patients with hypertension. It is suggested that in order to increase hope in patients with high blood pressure, "Existential Group Therapy" courses should be held for these patients along with drug treatments.

It is necessary to improve the psychological condition of nurses who have experienced sorrow due to the covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of existential therapy on worry and anxiety of nurses who experienced sorrow.

The current research was semi-experimental. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the nurses who experienced sorrow caused by the covid 19 pandemic in Qom city during in the range of January to March 2023. Using the purposive sampling method, 40 nurses who had obtained higher scores in the Penn State's Pathological Worry (PSWQ) and Templer's Death Anxiety (DAQ) were selected and they were replaced by a simple random method in two intervention and control groups (20 people each). Then the intervention group experienced 10 sessions (90 minutes and once a week) of existential therapy. Also, after the completion of the sessions, a post-test was taken, and a month after the completion of the sessions, a follow-up test was conducted. The data were used using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

The findings showed that the existential treatment had a significant effect on the pathological worry and death anxiety of nurses who experienced sorrow caused by the covid-19 pandemic (p<0.001). The change in the score of pathological worry and death anxiety that occurred in the post-test phase was also maintained in the stability phase (p<0.05).

Due to the effectiveness of existential therapy on the pathological worry and death anxiety of nurses in this study, this therapeutic approach can be used to improve the problems of nurses who have experienced sorrow caused by the covid-19 pandemic.

Psychosomatic disorders are an important issue related to physical and mental health. Therefore, research is important to identify effective treatment methods for these disorders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy and existential therapy on the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The research population included all psychosomatic patients referred to this hospital in 1400. 45 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of dynamic psychotherapy, existential therapy and control. The research tool included Takata and Sakata (2004) Psychosomatic Complaints Questionnaire, which was completed by all three groups in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, psychodynamic and existential therapy protocols were implemented in the experimental groups. The data was analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSSV19 software.

The results showed that psychodynamic therapy compared to existential therapy reduced the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients (F=11.79 and P=0.001) and this treatment was more effective.

Finally, it can be said that both treatments were effective, and psychodynamic therapy was more effective than existential therapy, and therefore, the use of these therapies can help in reducing the symptoms of psychosomatic patients.

The negative effects of having a child with special needs is accompanied by a lot of tension and causes a lot of psychological damage to the family, especially the mother as the main caregiver. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy in a group manner on the psychological functioning of mothers with exceptional children.

It was a semi-experimental research and its design was pre-test-post-test and 3-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with exceptional children in the elementary school of Qarchak city of Tehran. 36 people were selected with the purposeful sampling method and replaced by randomization in three groups of 12 people. Therapeutic interventions were applied during 8 sessions (one session of 60 minutes per week) for the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Demographic information checklist and general health questionnaire (Goldberg & Putnam, 1972) were used to collect data. Data analysis with descriptive statistics, test of parametric statistical assumptions and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used with the help of SPSS version 24 statistical software.

The results showed that the psychological function, physical symptoms, mood problems, anxiety and insomnia and social skills of the experimental groups have significantly improved compared to the control group and this improvement It remained stable in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the usefulness of the two intervention methods, existentialism and cognitive-behavioral methods, in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05)Conclusion, The findings show that these intervention methods can be used to improve the social-emotional condition of mothers with exceptional children as effective intervention methods

Existential therapy is one of the treatments that can be effective in improving mental health and enriching students' lives. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of existential therapy on emotional capital, cognitive regulation of emotion, and mental well-being of undergraduate female students with social anxiety.

This quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group was performed on 30 undergraduate female students suffering from social anxiety in the Faculty of Humanities of Khomeinishahr University in 2022, who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tools included Connor et al.’s Social Anxiety Questionnaire, Gratz's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Ryff's Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, and Golparvar's Emotional Capital Questionnaire. Nazari and Zarghami’s Existential Therapy Approach was implemented in eight 2-hour sessions on the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Data was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

The results showed that existential therapy significantly improved emotional capital, cognitive regulation of emotions, and mental well-being in undergraduate female students with social anxiety and this effectiveness was sustained over time (p<0.001).

The results of the study indicated the effect of existential therapy on the improvement of psychological characteristics in the experimental group; therefore, it is recommended that therapists use existential therapy along with other treatment methods to improve students' psychological health.

A review of research shows that the elderly usually experiences more health anxiety, loneliness, and death anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of existential therapy on health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly.

This research is an applied and quasi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a follow-up period with a control group. From the statistical population of the elderly living in nursing homes in Tehran in 1400, 30 samples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental groups and control group. Thus, first the health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety tests were performed for both groups, then the existential treatment plan was performed for the experimental group, but no intervention was applied for the control group. Finally, the post-test and follow-up test were performed. Both groups performed. Findings were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that the mean scores of post-test and follow-up test of health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety in the experimental group decreased and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that painting therapy intervention reduced anxiety. Health, loneliness and death anxiety of the elderly are effective (p <0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of existential therapy, the necessity of using existential therapy on psychological and emotional problems of the elderly, especially reducing health anxiety, loneliness and death anxiety is essential.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease that affects the life expectancy and self-care behaviors of women with this disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of existential therapy on life expectancy and self-care behaviors of women with type 2 diabetes.

The research method was applied and quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The population included all women with type 2 diabetes in Neyshabur, Iran. Among them, 40 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants completed the Hope Scale (HS), and The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a difference between women in the existential therapy group and the control group in life expectancy (F= 10.11, P= 0.0001) and self-care behaviors (F= 176.5, P= 0.003). Existential therapy has increased the mean score of the participants of the experimental group in the variables of life expectancy and self-care behaviors.

The existential therapy can increase life expectancy and self-care behaviors of women with type 2 diabetes by emphasizing freedom, responsibility, meaning and purpose in life, death and relationship with other. Therefore, existential therapy can be used in along with medical treatments.

Depression is a common mental illness that causes mental, occupational, and physical dysfunction. Most empirical studies on the causes of depression adopt a predisposition-depression model in which vulnerable individuals become depressed when external stressors outweigh the individual's personal resources to overcome the illness. In addition to examining genetic predispositions, research on depression has paid much attention to the study of personality vulnerabilities. Therefore, achieving a healthy society obviously depends on the health of the family and the realization of a healthy family is conditional on the mental health of its members and having a favorable relationship with each other. Therefore, improving the health of family members in their relationships will undoubtedly have positive effects on society. When the family center includes a healthy environment and warm relationships and intimate interpersonal interaction, it can lead to the growth and development of family members. The existence of a satisfactory marriage is a place of intersection and exchange of positive feelings and emotions between couples, and the formation of a normal family plays an important role in the health, quality, and satisfaction of married life and the well-being of the whole society. An important expectation from the pattern of marriage in today's world is that couples pay attention to each other's needs for love, intimacy, and affection. Also, people consider marriage to be the most intimate relationship of adulthood, a relationship for which the main source of affection, support, and satisfaction. The ability to cultivate intimacy is an interpersonal factor, the importance of which is often highlighted because of its essential role in the development of close relationships and its relationship with marital satisfaction. Thus, intimacy creates both personal and communication satisfaction and is the main factor in providing health, adjustment, happiness, and a sense of meaning in couples; Besides, intimacy seems to improve commitment in relationships and increase communication compatibility, so this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of existential group therapy on intimacy and marital satisfaction of depressed married women.

The present study with the code IR.IAU.BOJNOURD.REC.1399.009 was approved by the ethics committee of Islamic Azad University Bojnourd branch. Quasi-experimental research method with pre-test, post-test with a control group and two-month follow-up and the statistical population of married female clients applied for counseling from two counseling and psychology centers in Mashhad in the period of October to November 1398. Beck Depression Inventory, 56 women who scored higher in this questionnaire according to the inclusion criteria, which were: having at least a diploma, more than 3 years of married life, and no mental or physical illness available 30 women were selected. For these people, the research plan including the number of sessions, the duration of each session, and the issues raised in the sessions, were fully explained, and after obtaining their full consent and desire in the research company, written consent was obtained and their names were included in the research list. Became; Then 30 women were randomly selected into two experimental groups (15 women) and a control (15 women). Research tools: Walker and Thompson Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (1983) and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, 1989; Also, the intervention program of the educational-therapeutic package of the existential theory of Frankel and Yalom models were taught to the experimental group in 8 90-minute group sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed analysis of variance.

The results show that group existential therapy was effective on the score of marital intimacy (P = 0.020) with an effect size of 0.18 and also on the score of marital satisfaction (P = 0.017) with an effect size of 0.18. Also, the comparison of the three stages in the experimental group and the control group shows that the difference between marital intimacy and marital satisfaction in the post-test and follow-up stages in comparison with the pre-test is significant and this effect remains stable until the follow-up stage; While in the control group, these differences are not significant.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of group existential therapy on intimacy and marital satisfaction of depressed married women. The results of this study show that the mean of marital intimacy in both experimental groups in the post-test stage has increased compared to the pre-test. Also, repeated measures analysis of variance confirms that this intervention has been able to affect marital intimacy in the post-test and follow-up stages, and this effect has remained stable until two months after the end of the training, according to the results of the Bephroni post hoc test. According to the research literature, each of these approaches is one of the most effective and successful interventions in the field of psychotherapy. A look at the extent of the impact of each of these approaches on marital intimacy in explaining the findings of this study will be enlightening. The basis of all human relationships is the need to belong, to love, to acknowledge, and to respect. Hence, a healthy relationship is characterized by interdependence, calculation, and an existential relationship based on generosity and mutual love. As a result, existential psychotherapy helped married women in the experimental group to get to know each other better during a dynamic relationship with their husbands and family members; Get acquainted with their inner and fundamental needs, meanings and values, and explore them in the depths of their being. They were also trained to identify challenges in their relationships, to approach the issue from their own perspective, and then to try to address the issue from the perspective of the other person as well as the perspective of a third person to address all aspects of a Get acquainted with the problem and challenge and then take action to reduce the challenges in the heart of their relationship by accepting their role and responsibility. According to the research findings, group existential therapy can be used to improve intimacy and marital satisfaction.

Existential therapy examines man's self-awareness and his ability to look beyond his own problems and existential issues.The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparison of the existential therapy effewctivity and compassion-based therapy on psychological well-being and marital disturbance of women with the marital conflict.

The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group.The research community includes all married women who had referred to Sabzevar counseling centers in the first six months of 2019 due to marital disputes among them, 45 women were selected availabe. The experimental group was treated for 8 sessions of 90-minute weekly treatment and the witness group did not receive any intervention during this period.Schneider's marital confusion questionnaire(1997) and psychological well-being scale(1989) were the research tools. To analyze the data, a repeated measurement analysis of variance test and Ben Ferroni tracking test were used.

Research findings showed that the impact of existential therapy on psychological well-being is more than compassion-based therapy and on the contrary, the effect of compassion-based therapy on marital confusion is more than existential therapy. It should be noted thatthe durability of treatment effect is maintained after two months.

 According to research findings, existential therapy and compassion-based therapy can be used to increase psychological well-being and reduce marital confusion.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and debilitating disease. Although the effectiveness of metacognitive and existential therapies on the psychological factors associated with this disease has been investigated, little attention has been paid to comparing the two methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparison of effectiveness of metacognitive and existential therapies on resilience, life expectancy and self-care behaviors in women with type II diabets.

The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all women with type II diabetes who referred to Fazl Ibn Shazan Diabetes Center in Neyshabur in the second half of 2019 year. Sixty people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants answered the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Snyder Hope Scale (SHS), and The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there is no difference between metacognitive and existential therapies in increasing the resilience and life expectancy of patients with type II diabetes (p>0.05), but existential therapy is more effective in increasing self-care behaviors (p<0.01).

Metacognitive and existential therapies play an important role in increasing the resilience and life expectancy and even self-care behaviors of patients with type II diabetes, so these methods can be used alongside medical therapies.

Life is possible for human beings through interaction and communication, and the main source of communication for human beings are parents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy" and "Existential Group Therapy" on mother-child relationships of mothers of exceptional children.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with exceptional children in Qarchak city in Tehran province who had a primary school child aged 6 to 12 years, which according to statistics was 150 people. Data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire and "Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation". Content validity was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. The pre-test was performed on 150 "mother-child relationship evaluation". Among 58 mothers who had communication problems (meaning a score less than 140 out of 240), 36 were randomly selected and in 3 groups, 12 were randomly selected. Communication problem meant a score less than 140 out of 240 of the total score of the questionnaire. The intervention groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes by ""Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy"" " and "Existential Group Therapy". All three groups completed the "mother-child relationship assessment" as a pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 24.

There is a difference between mother-child relationship in "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy”  and "Existential Group Therapy” and control. The results of pairwise comparison showed that the difference in scores between "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy” on mother-child relationship and the control group was significant. In addition, this difference in the score of "Existential Group Therapy” and the control group was also significant (P ≥ 0.01). But there was no significant difference between the scores in "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy” and "Existential Group Therapy". Intra-group comparison also showed the stability of the results over time.

"Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy" and "Existential Group Therapy" can improve mother-child relationships in mothers of exceptional children. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use this method to improve mother-child relationships.

 Numerous students may, for the first time, distance themselves from family members and their social and emotional support and feel doubt, confusion, and anxiety, leading to loneliness and frustration. Students are exposed to various psychological traumas due to loneliness, poor failure tolerance, and metacognitive skills. With the prevailing conditions of society, young individuals (students) require to receive existential therapy and increase metacognitive skills to cope with feelings of loneliness and tolerance of failure individually and socially, compared to other age groups. They play a crucial role in forming a healthy community. Thus, the present study aimed at determining the effects of existential therapy on metacognitive skills, loneliness, and failure tolerance among undergraduate psychology students.

 This was a semi–experimental study with an unequal control group design. The statistical population of this study included all psychology students in the undergraduate course of Islamshahr Azad University in the academic year of 2018–2019. The research sample consisted of 30 male and female individuals selected by convenience and voluntary sampling method. They were then randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). The inclusion criteria included being undergraduate psychology students of Islamshahr University (5th semester), urban residence, both genders, and the age range of 21–26 years. The exclusion criterion included absence from more than one session. Initially, there was a call for existential therapy classes at Islamshahr University. Using G–Power software, the minimum sample size was estimated to be 29 subjects to achieve a statistical power of 0.8, an effect size of 0.8, and a significance level of 0.05. Data collection tools in the pretest and posttest stages included the Metacognitive State Inventory (Anil and Abedi, 1996), Loneliness Scale (Russel, 1996), and Frustration Discomfort Scale (Harrington, 2005). The experimental group received ten 90–min weekly existential therapy sessions according to Prochaska and Norcross's treatment protocol (2010); however, the controls received no intervention. In the descriptive statistics section, mean and standard deviation were calculated. The inferential statistics section applied the Chi–squared test and Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The analyses were performed in SPSS.

 The collected results suggested that existential therapy increased metacognitive skills (p=0.032), improved failure tolerance (p<0.001), and decreased loneliness (p=0.001) in students. Additionally, considering the effect size, existential therapy was very influential on loneliness (η2p= 0.348), failure tolerance (η2p=0.853), and metacognitive skills (η2p=0.158); however, the highest effect of existential therapy concerned failure tolerance.

 According to the present study results, existential therapy, as a treatment method affecting metacognitive skills, failure tolerance, and loneliness in students, is particularly important.

Having psychological capital enables people to not only cope better with stressful situations, but also have less stress and have more ability to cope with problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and existentialism therapy on increasing psychological capital in the elderly. The current research was a quasi-experimental with pre-experimental-post-experimental with control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all members of the Bojnourd retirement association in 2020, who were at least 60 years old. The sample of the study included 45 age individuals who selected through targeted sampling as well as inclusion criteria and assigned randomely into two experimental groups (15 people in each group) and one control group (15 people). The research tool was the Luthans’s psychological capital questionnaire. 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The women’s menstrual experience is a development which transforms entire their existential structure. There are some factors and problems which affect menstruation and make its experience harder for women. Present study aimed to assess effectiveness of existential psychotherapy and Lazarus’s multimodal therapy on alleviation of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms of suffered women.

Semi-empirical method was used for determining approaches effectiveness. Statistical population included all women suffered from premenstrual syndrome who had come to the Hazrat Rasoul hospital in Tehran city, and sample group included 30 persons from target statistical population which were chosen randomly. Participants were divided to 3 groups (2 examination groups and 1 controlling group). Abraham Taylor semiotics measuring tool was used for collecting data for identifying premenstrual syndrome symptoms intensity during two steps of pre-examination and post-examination. Experimental groups were treated by Existential therapy and Multi model therapy of Lazarus in group method in 10 sections while controlling group received no interventions.

Existential psychotherapy method looks useful for mental and physical symptoms reduction of women suffering from premenstrual syndrome.

Data analysis using covariance analysis and U Mann Whitney test and Friedman showed that Existential therapy lead to mental and physical symptoms reduction of premenstrual syndrome in suffered women, while Multi model therapy of Lazarus was not effective so much.

Test anxiety is now one of the most common types of anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of cognitive‐behavioral and existential methods on reducing test anxiety in nursing students. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with control group. Statistical population consisted of all nursing students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Sarason’s test anxiety questionnaire (pretest) was first administered to 500 nursing students. Of those found to have test anxiety, 45 students were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The first group received cognitive‐behavioral therapy and the second group received existential psychotherapy for six 50-minute sessions. The control group received no intervention. Sarason’s test anxiety questionnaire was administered once again (posttest) to all of the participants, and the collected data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistical tests and ANCOVA. The mean and standard deviation of anxiety scores were 16.20±2.30 (pretest) and 13.33±10.3 (posttest) in the cognitive-behavioral therapy group, 17.06±2.63 (pretest) and 14.73±34.3 (posttest) in the existential psychotherapy group, and 16.68+54.7 (pretest) and 17.33±41.3 (posttest) in the control group. Analysis of covariance showed that the posttest anxiety mean scores (F=10.17, p=0.001) were significantly different in the three groups. Results of the study suggest that proper planning and timely implementation of cognitive-behavioral and existential therapies can prevent the consequences of anxiety in students.

Cancer as a painful disease, from the beginning of diagnoses affects on physical, social, psychological and spiritual dimensions of the person and his/her family members specially the mothers. So the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the existential group therapy on hopefulness in mothers of children with cancer.
This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and posttest scheme and a control group. The statistical population consists of mothers of children with cancer under thirteen which were supported by a community in Markazi province. Thirty parents of children with cancer were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Both groups were assessed with Miller Hope Scale 1988, as pre-test. The experimental group received cognitive-existential group therapy in eight sessions, each lasting nintey minutes, (two sessions per week) but no psychological intervention was applied to the control group. At the end of the intervention, both groups were reassessed through post-test. Miller Hopeness questionnaire were used as tools for this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS through analysis of covariance.
Results showed, there is a significant differences in hopefulness of mothers between the two groups. (P Psychotherapy for mothers of children with cancer can be one of the most effective methods of therapy and increases their hope.

In recent years the elderly population considerably has increased. The elderly population due to decreased of activity and mobility, the loss of friends and relatives, reducing of social protection, physical weakness and social exclusion more experience feelings such as loneliness and death anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of existential therapy on loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population consisted all older people living in nursing rehabilitation home in Ara center at 2015-16 in Sanandaj. Firstly, loneliness and death anxiety questionnaire was completed by all the elderly and then among them who had earned an equal or above score from cut point in loneliness and anxiety questionnaires, thirty subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned in experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). Then, the existential therapy was administered for experimental group in 10 sessions and the control group was not receiving any training. Finally posttest was conducted for experimental and control groups. Data was analyzed by using the covariance analysis. Results showed that the existential therapy had been effective on decreasing of feeling of loneliness and death anxiety in experimental group. Thus, the need for use of treatments focused on the mood and emotional problem of elderly population especially reducing of loneliness and death anxiety is necessary.

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy on depression in nulliparous women with postpartum depression.
This is an applied study that was conducted by a quasi-experimental. For this purpose, 100 primiparous women in their first six months delivery completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) by the phone.32 women that werent at risk for postpartum depression, were excluded. Of the remaining 68 mothers, finally, by the clinical interview, 26 subjects (age: 29.23M =; 39.2SD =) achieved the Inclusion criteria. Then, they were appointed in control and experimental groups by random assignment. Members who attended in experimental group achieved 10 sessions of weekly group therapy by existential method, but the control group received no intervention. Finally, members of both groups completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS).
Findings: The results of comparing post-test of depression scores in two groups with using analysis of covariance by controlling the effect variables showed that there were significant differences in Depression scores in intervention group and the control group (05.0p Discussion & Thus, based on the findings of this study it can be said that the method of existential group psychotherapy decreased depressive symptoms in nulliparous women with postpartum depression.