جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « طب » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Various methods have been proposed in psychology and nutritional sciences to reduce obesity, which include various methods of reducing the volume of food and meals, drug therapy, surgery and exercise. Research evidence has also shown that obesity reduction programs in practice have not been associated with satisfactory and expected success. In this article, with the method of analytical research of verses of the Holy Quran and narrations and the library method, a suggested treatment plan for dieting has been presented. The proposed method is fundamentally different from the common methods of reducing obesity in terms of principles, goals, motivation, measurement and method. The Holy Quran; It does not mention diet and weight loss and pursues a bigger goal, which is not to waste. If we learn not to waste, obesity will also be reduced. Therefore, the tool for measuring overweight is to measure and calculate not to waste, not to continuously calculate weight. Also, in this method, there is no diet plan to reduce obesity. In general, the proposed treatment plan for reducing obesity based on the Holy Quran and hadiths is presented in four stages. The first stage: teaching the concept of not wasting food and drink, the second stage: observing eating etiquette, the third stage: self-control and meditation, and the fourth stage: continuous follow-up and evaluation. The results of this research need more analytical examination of Islamic texts and empirical confirmations.

Medicalization can be defined as the process by which some aspects of human life come to be recognized as medical problems, while before that, they were not considered pathological. Considering the importance of an awareness of the dimensions and consequences of medicalization, the present study aimed to securitize the historical aspects, emergence, and dimensions of medicalization with a glance at this phenomenon in Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study tried to address the dimensions and process of medicalization in a historical context and finally discuss the motor engines, aspects, and effects of medicalization in Iran.

Modern medicine and capitalism use three motor engines, including consumers, technology, and controlled medical care, to dominate and govern societies. During the last few decades, especially in the post-war period, medicalization has found its place in Iran's society with the change of cultural and consumer patterns.

Due to the keen dependence on technology and the capitalistic paradigm, modern medicine has been affected by the discourse and capitalist view in some areas. Therefore, some aspects of human life have been redefined under the label of disease and put in the cycle of supply and demand.

Porpuse: 

To find the dimensions of health and healing of the soul in prayer, including the salient features of prayer and its performance. Among the significant sources for researchers are the prayers included in the pilgrimages of Maathor. Research in these prayers, especially in the field of human spiritual medicine, is of great importance.

Among the pilgrimages, the very authentic pilgrimage of "Aminullah" that has reached us from Imam Sajjad (a.s.) has deep points; Based on the model of spiritual medicine, the researcher explains the physiology (characteristics of a healthy human soul) in this pilgrimage.

According to the prayer part of this pilgrimage, the characteristics of a healthy human soul are identified in six characteristics: peace, ease and collective spirit, contentment and satisfaction, patience and patience, gratitude and gratitude, the desire to meet and connect with friends and family, and carrying luggage. His relationship with himself is in three characteristics: attachment to God, remembering divine blessings and entertainment and being busy with other things, and the health of the human soul in his relationship with God and four characteristics: loving the good and good, following the way of the good and good, good name, good nature and loveable; And he has stated that he avoids bad temper and bad temper in relation to others. This descriptive-analytical research is based on library sources and tries to extract the topic.

By rereading the prayer part of Amin Allah's pilgrimage based on the model of spiritual medicine, the author has achieved the thirteen physiological indicators of a healthy human soul.

 Following the formation of the Ilkhanid dynasty, Tabriz was noticed due to its suitable climate and location and with the growth of urbanization; measures were taken to ensure the residents’ health and treatment. The presence of physicians from all over the Mongols in the court as well as Rab'-e Rashidi and the absence of natural disasters and catastrophes played a crucial role in this trend. The current paper seeks to identify health and treatment status of Tabriz during the Ilkhanid dynasty.

 This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method. The data was collected in the form of documentary using the first-hand sources particularly Khwaja Rashid al-Din Fazlullah’s works. It has studied the evolutionary course of health and treatment in Tabriz from the formation of the Ilkhanid dynasty to its decline.

Ethical Considerations:

 In this research, the principle of honesty and trustworthiness was observed.

 The selection of Tabriz as the capital of Ilkhanid led to the development of the city and urbanization and the support measures and urban health in various fields. Despite some negative effects of the presence of the Mongols, especially the spread of superstitions, some Ilkhanids such as Ghazan and a few bureaucrats in the form of Abwab al-Albar, established the hospitals and ancillary facilities. Also the presence of doctors from different nations and medical education improved the health situation.

 The findings indicate relative attention to health following the growth of urbanization. Although the absence of natural disasters and infectious diseases, the establishment of hospitals and the presence of various physicians and medical education had a positive effect on this process, but under the influence of political and social issues, it could not have a long-term effect.

The Qarakhtais were one of the eastern governments thatdominated the Muslims Transoxiana at the beginning of the6th century AH and then Kerman in the 7th century AH. Oneof the important components of this government is theprivileged position of women in governance and politicalrelations under the influence of neighboring Muslims. Thepresent research, using the descriptive-analytical method, aimsto answer the question that what were the most importantIslamic influencing factors on the political style, socialmanagement, and personal life of Karakhati ruling women?The findings of the research indicate that the influence of theIslamic lifestyle, including the importance of the position ofwomen in Islam, on the Qarakhatians has been to the extentthat three of the Qarakhatian rulers of Kerman (703-619 AH)named Turkan Khatun, Oke Khatun and King Khatun andDotan Out of the five Gurkhans of Transoxiana Qarakhtaians,named "Zia Taboyan" (544-537 AH) and "Pasu Van" (559-572AH) were women. This category of women under theinfluence of Islamic traditions mainly in the form of a strategyof not fighting and exerting influence using different politicalbehaviors, such as political marriages, bribery, propaganda,participating in political coalitions and supporting variousrivals in the issue of succession of governments such as TheSeljuks, Khwarazm Shahians, Karakhanids and Qarlags haveplayed a major role in stabilizing the power of the Karakhitasin Transoxiana and Kerman. Apart from that, during the periodof Karakhita women's rule over Kerman, by adapting theIslamic model, medicine, health, building and equipping thehospital, Patient's rights and doctor's education were also takeninto consideration.

Historical reports indicate that concepts such as health, well-being, personal and social development are closely related to physical activity, and the civilized nations of the world have always considered the importance of physical activity in the field of health and wellness. Among the ancient nations, the Greeks were most interested in exercise and physical activity, as it was an important part of ancient Greek medicine, and ancient Greek physicians, especially Hippocrates and Galen, focused on physical activity and proper diet as important components of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, much of the basic information about the relationship between exercise and health was presented in the findings and medical texts of ancient Greece, which was comprehensively and practically proposed by Galen in the form of the theory of nature and the unnatural. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method based on library information to answer the question of when humans with scientific and principled method found that exercise and physical activity have played a role in body health and the result of ancient Greek medicine, especially theory. Galen on the relationship between exercise and health in the form of abnormalities in ancient Greece, the Middle Ages, then the Renaissance to the present day, can play an important and effective role of exercise and physical activity in maintaining body health and disease prevention in different eras of human life.

Relief and rescuing the lives of the wounded, particularly the soldiers in wars is significantly important, besides, this issue can be traced in all historical periods in various forms. Furthermore, in Islamic civilization, this issue has been paid attention to by relatively appropriate scientific advances, especially in the field of health and treatment. In Islamic civilization, the rate of this process was gradual, so that it started with the presence of Muslim women for relief and first aid, and then it proceeded to form more cohesive organizations in the form of mobile hospitals. In addition, hiring skilled physicians in this field led to the formation of the first military medical organization in Islamic civilization. The aim of the current research is to study the evolution trend of military medicine and the factors affecting it in Islamic civilization.

The main materials of the present study are historical and medical information and data gathered from various sources. Along with them, new research on the medicine of the Golden Age of Islamic civilization is applied. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical and based on the data collection method, it was done by the library research method.

In agreement with the results of the current research, it can be said that paying attention to the treatment of military forces has a historical background in Islamic civilization as well as it has evolved gradually. Besides, according to the time being existed, this issue was highly relevant which can be considered as a support for the modern military medicine in the Islamic countries army units, particularly Iran.

According to the available data, the facilities and the technological level of the period being studied, several relatively appropriate actions have been carried out to create a coherent organization and employ physicians in the military hospitals. However, there were some difficulties to hospitalize the wounded soldiers. The problems were due to several factors such as lack of serious training, trouble in transferring wounded as well as the impossibility of surgery.

The discussion of medicine, Islamic medicine and traditional medicine is one of the topics that has a long history. The deadly corona virus revived the plot of such debates. This research uses descriptive-analytical and documentary methods to analyze the subject of Islamic and traditional medicine, emphasizing the views of Professor Allameh Mesbah Yazdi. The findings of the research indicate that from the perspective of Professor Mesbah, what is called "Islamic medicine" today is in fact the "traditional medicine"; Because the premise of this is that what is known as Islamic medicine or the medicine of the Prophet, that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has brought something new, but what exists in this regard, is what has come down to us from the physicians of ancient Greece. . And this new achievement will not be the result of Islamic medicine. Of course, Muslims need to try to use the science, thinking and experiences of traditional medicine within the framework of Islam. One of the ways to revive traditional medicine and the development of modern medicine is to use traditional medicine in modern medicine. In addition to being utilized and equipped with modern science and new medical knowledge, we must not lag behind other developed countries in this field.

The purpose of this study is to examine the type of knowledge of the infallibles in the field of science and medical issues to determine that the infallibles in this area act like ordinary human beings or use certain knowledge.

In this research, descriptive-analytical method, using narrated sources, namely the Qurchr('39')an and Hadith, the typology of the medical knowledge of the infallibles has been done.

According to the authorities and virtues and special physical knowledge of the infallibles, they have also used this type of science in medical knowledge. Also, sometimes they have used outward knowledge for expediency and wisdom such as taqiya or fighting against exaggeration. Sometimes they have pointed to the non-independence of their sciences in medicine. It is often seen in the development of science that it employs the principle and the use of generalities to derive a knowledge such as medicine.

According to the Qurchr('39')an and hadiths, considering that ignorance has no way in their scientific field due to their being the treasures of divine knowledge; Also, according to the theory of the absoluteness of the realm of the Qurchr('39')an and its current in all times and issues, and in terms of the commentator and revelation of the infallibles for the Qurchr('39')an, also considering higher sources than human resources for the knowledge of the infallibles, their ignorance cannot be ignored. Concluded on medicine. At the same time, in their life, there are encounters with doctors, which shows that the knowledge of the infallibles in the field of medicine is superhuman. According to the Qurchr('39')an, the scientific authority of the infallibles in all religious and secular fields extends to the field of medicine. However, the type of science employed by the infallibles in the field of medicine is always non-essential and not independent of the divine will and throughout it, and is often based on the principle and reference to the general points and paradigms of an issue or knowledge such as medicine. Of course, it is sometimes seen that they have also used physical sciences in this field.

Background and Purpose:

The relationship between health of the heart, liver and brain, and nutrition is undeniable. A holistic medical school that lies on the basis of a multitude of several thousand years of experience, Persian medicine has studied the role of nutrition in health maintenance of the brain, heart, and liver. The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the role of foods and drinks in maintaining the health of these organs from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine.

The studied material included twenty reference books in traditional Persian medicine composed in different centuries (from the first to 14th century, AH), some of which were accessed from Noor software. Modern literature was also queried in well-known international databases (in English) within the period of 1999 to 2020. The searching process was conducted based on related keywords. Retrieved data were collected and analyzed by analytical-documentary method.

Useful principles in maintaining heart health include eating tender (latif), delicious non-drying foods and observing the principles in drinking water. To keep the liver healthy, it is recommended to eat foods that do not upset the balance of humors and do not cause dystemperaments. In maintaining the health of the brain, use of tender (latif) foods and drinks are recommended. Consumption of foodstuff that produces harmful vapors in the body, exposure to bad odors, and overeating are prohibited. Some of these findings were also observed in modern medicine research regarding the effects of Saffron and dried figs as well as principles of eating and drinking.

This study highlights the crucial importance of nutrition in improving functions of the liver, heart and brain, and protecting these organs from developing diseases. It seems necessary to conduct more research focusing on the effect of different types of foods and beverages on maintaining the health of these organs.

Background and Purpose:

Medicine of metals (Tibb al-Ajsad), is a notion Islamic alchemists used to understand and treat metal disease. Metals were assumed to have a temperament (Mizaj) similar to the human body, which could be determined by the science of balance. Any deviation in balance was eliminated by Alchemical modifications like compositions (Tarkib). Before this and in the Islamic era, the science of elixir has been a field showing the relation between alchemy and medicine. In this article, we describe the main notion and method in medicine of metals and suppose this category helps reviewing the relation between medicine and alchemy.
 

In this library research, we reviewed several alchemical manuscripts belonging to Jabir Ibn Hayyan, Moayyedoddin al-Tughrai and Aydamor al-Jaldaki, three famous and effective Islamic alchemists. Subsequently, retrieved content was analyzed in terms of metal diseases and remedies.
 

A significant part of the studied text belonged to medicine of metals that describes disease causations and methods of eliminating or modifying them by human, mineral or planet materials based on composition, similar to what Physicians (Atibba) do. According to this similarity, Islamic Alchemists explain how body parts work and how we can fix them.
 

Due to a shared notion and method, the medicine of metals can help the historiographer to review the relations between medicine and alchemy from a new point of view and expand this perspective.

The aim of this study was to investigate the recognition of the legitimacy of eye sores from the perspective of Quran, narrations and medical knowledge.

The study method in this study was descriptive and analytical.

According to the findings, the analysis of the teachings and study of Islamic sources, including the Holy Quran and hadiths, showed that the existence of such a force was true and its superstition was explicitly denied. On the other hand, according to physiological studies, this force can be related to brain radiation. As in the physics of Guiton's epilepsy.

The results showed that the Holy Qur'an considers the remembrance of God to be effective in counteracting and repelling such a force and the narrations have provided solutions in this regard, some of which have been confirmed by medical knowledge.

The Holy Quran is the book of this world and the hereafter and guides man from God; Where it has the necessary programs to meet the physical and mental needs and special attention has been paid to the issue of eating and drinking. In the present study, the role of meat quality on human health has been investigated.

In this review study, data were collected in a library and interdisciplinary-comparative manner from authoritative Quranic and Holy Quran sources and compared with today’s medical and scientific knowledge.

What can be deduced from the study of scientific medical texts is that the quality of meat can affect the health of the human body and mind; And the results of studying the verses of the Holy Quran in this field also confirm this issue.

The findings of this study show that not only the teachings of the Qur’an and the religion of Islam are not inconsistent with various sciences, but also confirmed by these sciences, and the Qur’nic guidelines regarding nutrition guarantee the physical and mental health of human beings

Tabriz is considered among one of the cities that had great political and economic importance during the Safavid period. However, having had such an importance, the favorable weather conditions and preventive measures in the field of urban health, there were several also problems. Despite the presence of skilled physicians and the construction of several hospitals, due to lack of serious evolution in the field of healthcare and the prevalence of infectious diseases, there wasn’t any good health care condition.

The main materials of the present study are information and data from historical sources, travelogues as well as medical thesis of the Safavid period. Along with them, new research in the field of health and medicine of the Safavid period were used. The method applied in this research is descriptive-analytical; besides, the research was carried out based on data collection by library research method.

According to the available information, it appears that despite the favorable weather conditions, the lack of the problem of water shortage and pollutants; being influenced by various factors such as wars and the prevalence of infectious diseases, regardless of transforming the hospitals into hospices, the continuation of science and treatment methods weren’t favorable.

 During this reaserc process, while referring to the mentioned context, not only  has it been tried that the principle of fidelity and loyalty as well as originality of resources to be taken in account, but it alsohas been tried to avoid bias in referring to the texts or analyzes.

In the present paper, first the factors affecting the environmental health are studied and then physicians and medical centers are examined; furthermore, the positive and negative factors affecting the healthcare of Tabriz are studied and analyzed in the interval between the rise and fall of Safavid.

 Despite the introduction of new medical and therapeutic methods in the Qajar period's medical history, traditional medicine continued to live alongside it, and various groups in this period dealt with medical and therapeutic matters. One of these groups active in health and treatment provided medical services based on prayer, remembrance, spells, and superstitions. This study aims to investigate the medical and therapeutic function of various types of prayers and dhikr in the Qajar period. In this regard, this study seeks to answer the following question: To what extent and in what form was the role of supplication and dhikr in the folk medicine of the Qajar period?

 This research's statistical population includes historical books, medical history, and travelogues of the Qajar period. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting research files from library sources.

 Therapeutic methods based on the use of prayer and dhikr have been common in Qajar medicine, and prayers and dhikr have been used to treat, cure and even prevent various infectious and non-communicable diseases. This has not been limited to the common class but has also been used among courtiers and property classes.

 This study shows that during the Qajar period, prayer writers were one of the traditional treatment groups. They used various prayer and remembrance methods to treat various mental and physical ailments. And this group was also accepted by the general public. Reasons for their acceptance include poverty, lack of government medical services, the infancy of modern medical practices, lack of trust in Western physicians, worldviews, and people's destiny. Of course, the scope of activities and treatment methods of prayer writers and supplicants are harmed, such as the spread of infectious and dangerous diseases due to gathering in religious and respected places, not paying attention to health orders due to destiny, the prevalence of determinism. They were wasting people's money by deceiving sellers of spells.

The complication caused by estrogen deprivation during menopause has negative effects on women's quality of life. The use of food-based strategies based on Iranian traditional medicine is one of the suggested strategies to relieve menopausal sign and symptoms and finally improves their quality of life. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the effect of food-based strategies based on Iranian traditional medicine on women's quality of life during menopause.

This two-group clinical trial study was performed on 57 postmenopausal women in 2018. Two health comprehensive service centers of Chardah-Masoum and Imam Hassan were randomly selected from health center (No 2) as the intervention and control group, respectively. Then, the eligible women were sampled by convenience. In the intervention group, food-based strategies of Iranian medicine were educated in three sessions of 60-90 minutes during 3 week. The control group received routine care of the health center. Two groups were followed up for 2 monthsin adherence to orders. Data was collected through Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory and Mizaj questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and independent t-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no statistically significant difference between quality of life, depression, anxiety and mizaj of women in the two groups before the intervention (p>0.05). But after the intervention, decreased scores showed an improvement in quality of life and depression in the intervention than the control groups (p <0.001).

The use of food-based strategies increases the quality of life in menopausal women. So, it is suggested for management of the signs of menopause.

The present study seeks to find an answer to this question, “how effective was the religious and moral advice on environmental health situation of cities under the territory of Al-Buwayh dynasty”? Findings indicate that in the first half of the Al-Buwayh era, following the increase in population and expansion of some cities, the need for health measures in various areas was felt, of which is considered a responsibility of environmental health authorities nowadays. In addition to the instructions and recommendations being embodied in some verses of Quran and hadiths being the basis of health laws, a number of rulers of this dynasty, like Azd al-Dawlah intervened in the health affairs of cities in various fields such as providing drinking water, constructing of medical and service centers, and appointing Sheriffs (Darougheh). A part of the mentioned actions was involved with the community health in the field of food hygiene, roads and public places, water hygiene as well as sewage disposal. In the present study, first, narrative, historical, medical and geographical books were indexed by using descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources; second, the data in the most important areas related to environmental health was classified; and then, a conclusion was reached.

Background and Purpose:

Materia medicas are herbal, animal or mineral substances that are used individually for treatment of disease as well as applying as components of compound drugs.
One of the first manuscripts in Islamic lands which has devoted to the subject of Materia medica is the book “Materia medica” written by Dioscorides in 1 AD. It was translated into Arabic in the 3’rd century and most recently was written as the Mohit Azam by Hakim Azam Khan in the 13th century.
Due to the importance of the subject of Materia medicas, studies have been carried out so far, but no one has introduced a plurality of material medicas during the 3’rd to 13’th centuries in the realm of Islamic lands. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to collect bibliographic and content information on works of abstraction from 3’rd to 13’th century.
 
Methods and Materials:

The present descriptive-analytical research was conducted through a quantitative research method and by searching the catalogs and electronic sources to find out the authored works in the mentioned period. Then the prominent and distinguished works were studied according to specific criteria, selected individually and substantially.

During these 10 centuries, 192 manuscripts have been written in the field of Materia medica. Among them and based on specified aspects, 31 manuscripts were identified as prominent ones, 21 of which were Materia medicas; 6 in Materia medica and Qarabadin together, and 4 in the medical Encyclopedias that have been devoted to Materia medica besides other medical subjects.

Evaluation of these manuscripts demonstrates that political, social, and cultural changes in the realm of Islamic lands have not stopped the process of authorship of Materia medicas books. Although with varying quantities, this process has continued for the past 10 centuries.

Menopause is a period in women’s lives with complications and consequences that can reduce the quality of life. The most common complications are vasomotor disorders which can affect sleep, life enjoyment, social activities and work. The usual treatment for these effects is hormone therapy but due to its side effects, most people tend to have complication-free treatments. One of these strategies is nutritional measures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group counseling about the nutritional measures of Iranian traditional medicine on vasomotor disorders in postmenopausal women.

Methods & Materials:

 This clinical trial study with multistage sampling was performed in 2018-2019 on 62 postmenopausal women referred to health center number 2 in Mashhad. Two health centers were selected as control or intervention group by Heads or Tails method in order to prevent the dissemination of the material. The intervention group received three sessions of the group counseling about the nutritional measures of Iranian traditional medicine. There was no intervention for the control group. The data collection tool was a questionnaire on the quality of life in menopause that was completed two months before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed on the SPSS software version 24 using independent t-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests.

There was no significant difference in the mean score of vasomotor between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05) but after the intervention, the difference between the mean score of vasomotor before and after the intervention was -2.18±4.08 for the intervention group and 0.59±3.30 for the control group. A significant decrease in the vasomotor score was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Group counseling about the nutritional measures of Iranian traditional medicine can help reduce vasomotor disorders. Clinical trial registry: IRCT20180626040239N1