جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « طرح واره های هیجانی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Social anxiety disorder is considered one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Considering the role of various factors in its creation and continuation, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationships between emotional schemas and cognitive fusion and social anxiety symptoms with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.

In terms of methodology, the current research was a descriptive-correlational type of structural equations. The statistical population in this research consisted of all secondary school students of Qazvin City who started studying in the academic year 2023-2024. Four hundred of them (200 girls and 200 boys) were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and answered the questionnaires on emotional schemas, cognitive fusion, social people, and adolescent experiences. The analysis of research data was done through structural equations modeling.

The results of structural equations modeling showed that emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.35 and cognitive fusion with a coefficient of 0.20 have a significant direct relationship with the symptoms of social distress (p<0.001). Also, emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.19 and cognitive fusion with a path coefficient of 0.09 have a significant indirect relationship with social anxiety symptoms with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity (p<0.001).

The results of the present study indicated that emotional schemas and cognitive fusion can be risk factors for the symptoms of social anxiety disorder in adolescents. These variables can also intensify social anxiety by increasing anxiety sensitivity. It is recommended that mental health professionals pay attention to these factors in order to improve the quality and speed up treatment in their treatment plans.

A person's attitude towards drugs is a type of thinking that may be logical or irrational. This type of attitude is often spontaneous, unconscious and permanent and cannot be easily changed. One of the methods that helps an addict to get to know himself is to examine the type of attitude and create a negative attitude towards addiction. Researchers have identified various reasons, including pressure from friends and peers, rebellion against parents, escape from life's adversities, emotional turmoil, alienation or rejection by others, life history, attachment styles and personality traits. Addiction is considered effective. As mentioned, one of the important factors that can have a significant effect on a person's attitude towards addiction is the person's attachment style. Many believe that addiction is a coping mechanism and attachment style can play an important role in the development of addiction, such as addiction to smoking, drugs, alcohol, and the InternetIn general, despite the fact that the student period is a sensitive and risky period and there is a possibility that students will be drawn towards drug use and addiction, modifying students' attitudes towards drugs can help prevent addiction in the university and society. May it be useful. In this regard, the current research intends to investigate the role of attachment styles and emotional schemas in predicting the general attitude towards addiction among students; Therefore, the researcher is looking for an answer to this question: do attachment styles and emotional schemas predict the general attitude towards addiction in students?

The current research is descriptive (correlation) and survey in terms of its purpose and applied. The statistical population of this research includes all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch in the academic year 2019-2019. available (online method due to the spread of corona disease through virtual networks by distributing the link of the online questionnaire-press online-) participated in the research. The attempt was to select the sample in such a way that all students such as natives and non-natives , girls, boys and different faculties should be present in the research.

After higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment has the largest contribution in predicting attitude towards addiction. The correlation coefficient of these three variables with the attitude towards addiction is 0.437, and these three variables have been able to predict nearly 20% of the changes in the attitude towards addiction, which is significant. The weight of avoidant attachment (B=0.246) (t=3.684) shows that this variable with 99% confidence can, along with variables of higher values and mental rumination, attitude In relation to addiction, in this research sample, explain that if the study sample is generalized to the main population, the weight of avoidant attachment will be 0.246 (Beta), finally, the higher the score of avoidant attachment, the more positive attitude towards addiction. It will be more. Table 3 shows that about 20% of the total variance of attitude towards addiction is explained by higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment. Other variables did not have a significant role in predicting positive attitude towards addiction.

The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' attitudes towards addiction based on attachment styles and emotional schemas. The results of the regression analysis showed that higher values, mental rumination and avoidant attachment in three steps are able to explain about 20% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction in a meaningful way in students. These schemas cause bias in people's interpretations of events, and these biases manifest themselves in interpersonal psychopathology in the form of misunderstandings, distorted attitudes, false assumptions, unrealistic goals and expectations. When emotional schemas are activated, it negatively causes bias in information. On the other hand, the temptation of materials goes through a process and each of the parts of this process can have a different contribution in speeding up this process, which according to the contribution of each one can prevent the temptation. This cycle starts with an arousing stimulus, and this stimulus, by affecting each part of the process, causes the person to be tempted. Inconsistent emotional schemas such as mental rumination increase temptation in people suffering from substance abuse. Maladaptive emotional schemas, such as being uncontrollable, which mainly refer to the suppression, avoidance and non-acceptance of emotions, prevent emotional processing and lead the person to use ineffective strategies, causing the continuation and intensification of unpleasant emotions.

People with physical-motor disabilities face different emotions due to special conditions during life. This research aimed to study the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on distress tolerance and emotional regulation in physical-motor disabled people.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all physically disabled people aged twenty to fifty years old who had a rehabilitation record in 2019 in the welfare of Mashhad, where fifteen people were selected and randomly assigned for each experimental and control group by available sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both groups completed the distress tolerance and emotion regulation questionnaire as the pre-test. The experimental group was trained in eleven sessions of sixty minutes according to the protocol of emotional schema therapy (Leahy 2015), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS25 by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed a significant difference between the scores of distress tolerance and emotional regulation in the experimental group in comparsion to control in the post-test stage. (P<0.05) Therefore emotional schema therapy was effective on distress tolerance and emotional regulation variables.

The results indicate that emotional schema therapy could be effective in increasing distress tolerance and improving emotional regulation.

Due to the fact that the main sources of psychology are not indigenous, one of the challenges of therapists in Iran is how to present psychological materials and interventions to clients. Designing and using metaphors appropriate to the culture and conditions of Iranian authorities helps to solve this problem. This research was carried out with the aim of designing and validating a psycho-educational package based on metaphor to explain and conceptualize the initial maladaptive schemas in the field of hyperactivity and inhibition.

This research was conducted as a qualitative and content analysis type study with the participation of 45 people who referred to office in 2021 and 60 participants of social networks in one day. The sampling method was available as a model. Based on the principles of schema therapy and the qualitative review of the metaphors of clients and participants, which had a schema content and theme, five metaphors (20 metaphors in total) were designed and compiled for each schema in the field of excessive listening and inhibition, and were provided to a panel of 13 experts for validation. In addition to qualitative validity, content validity can also be done quantitatively. In quantitative validation, two relative coefficients of content validity ratio and content validity index were used.

Among the 20 schema metaphors in the domain of vigilance and inhibition, 18 metaphors obtained the value of relative coefficientof content validity and index of content validity higher than the required size (CVR ≤ 0.54 and CVI ≤ 0.79) and were recognized as valid. For the entire training package, the value of the relative content validity coefficient was 0.88 and the content validity index was 0.93.

The study showed that the metaphor-based psycho-educational package designed to explain and conceptualize schemas in the field of vigilance and inhibition is valid.

A person's attitude towards drugs is a type of thinking that may be logical or irrational. This type of attitude is often spontaneous, unconscious and permanent and cannot be easily changed. One of the methods that helps an addict to get to know himself is to examine the type of attitude and create a negative attitude towards addiction. Ellis believes that the thinking and attitude of addicted people leads them to use again or stops them from using forever. Researchers have identified various reasons, including pressure from friends and peers, rebellion against parents, escape from life's adversities, emotional turmoil, alienation or rejection by others, life history, attachment styles and personality traits. Addiction is considered effective. As mentioned, one of the important factors that can have a significant effect on a person's attitude towards addiction is the person's attachment style. Many believe that addiction is a coping mechanism and attachment style can play an important role in the development of addiction, such as addiction to smoking, drugs, alcohol, and the Internet. Attachment theory was created by John Bowlby and developed by Mary Ainsworth). Young people who tend to smoke have more conflicts in their families and are therefore influenced by external things, such as cigarettes, to overcome their psychological needs. Nakhol and his colleagues evaluated the relationship between attachment styles (secure, disturbed, anxious and avoidant) and addiction (cigarettes, hookah, alcohol and internet) among this population. The results showed that secure attachment style was significantly associated with less addiction to alcohol, smoking and hookah, while insecure attachment styles (disturbed, anxious and avoidant) were significantly associated with more addiction to smoking, hookah, alcohol and They were connected on the internet. In general, despite the fact that the student period is a sensitive and risky period and there is a possibility that students will be drawn towards drug use and addiction, modifying students' attitudes towards drugs can help prevent addiction in the university and society. May it be useful. In this regard, the current research intends to investigate the role of attachment styles and emotional schemas in predicting the general attitude towards addiction among students; Therefore, the researcher is looking for an answer to this question: do attachment styles and emotional schemas predict the general attitude towards addiction in students?

The current research is descriptive (correlation) and survey in terms of its purpose and applied. The statistical population of this research includes all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch in the academic year 2019-2019. available (online method due to the spread of corona disease through virtual networks by distributing the link of the online questionnaire-press online) participated in the research. The attempt was to select the sample in such a way that all students such as natives and non-natives , girls, boys and different faculties should be present in the research.
Reults: After higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment has the largest contribution in predicting attitude towards addiction. The correlation coefficient of these three variables with the attitude towards addiction is 0.437, and these three variables have been able to predict nearly 20% of the changes in the attitude towards addiction, which is significant. The weight of avoidant attachment (B=0.246) (t=3.684) shows that this variable with 99% confidence can, along with variables of higher values and mental rumination, attitude In relation to addiction, in this research sample, explain that if the study sample is generalized to the main population, the weight of avoidant attachment will be 0.246 (Beta), finally, the higher the score of avoidant attachment, the more positive attitude towards addiction. It will be more. Table 3 shows that about 20% of the total variance of attitude towards addiction is explained by higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment. Other variables did not have a significant role in predicting positive attitude towards addiction.

The present research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' attitudes towards addiction based on attachment styles and emotional schemas. The results of the regression analysis showed that higher values, mental rumination and avoidant attachment in three steps are able to explain about 20% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction in a meaningful way in students. The results of testing this hypothesis with the findings of Hori and his colleagues. In explaining this finding, it should be said that the presence of emotional schemas by disrupting people's cognitive function greatly increases the possibility of their tendency to use drugs. In explaining the results, it can be said that emotional schemas interact with negative events and psychological pressures of life. Negative emotional schemas are ineffective mechanisms that directly or indirectly lead to psychological distress. These schemas cause bias in people's interpretations of events, and these biases manifest themselves in interpersonal psychopathology in the form of misunderstandings, distorted attitudes, false assumptions, unrealistic goals and expectations. When emotional schemas are activated, it negatively causes bias in information. On the other hand, the temptation of materials goes through a process and each of the parts of this process can have a different contribution in speeding up this process, which according to the contribution of each one can prevent the temptation. This cycle starts with an arousing stimulus, and this stimulus, by affecting each part of the process, causes the person to be tempted. Inconsistent emotional schemas such as mental rumination increase temptation in people suffering from substance abuse. Maladaptive emotional schemas, such as being uncontrollable, which mainly refer to the suppression, avoidance and non-acceptance of emotions, prevent emotional processing and lead the person to use ineffective strategies, causing the continuation and intensification of unpleasant emotions.

People with disabilities feel different emotions due to their special circumstances, which significantly impact the quality of work and their daily activities throughout life. These emotions can cause people with disabilities to adapt and their presence in the social environment to diminish. In psychology, emotions have a very sensitive and fundamental place, because their relationships to needs and motivations are significant and can be the root of many mental or emotional disorders. Emotional schema therapy argues that individuals have implicit theories about emotion and emotion regulation. Dialectical behavior therapy is another treatment that is considered in emotion regulation today. This treatment aims to achieve behavioral stability and emotional processing. Because of insufficient and necessary research in a society with disabilities and the importance and necessity of paying attention to this vulnerable group, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and emotional schema therapy on emotional regulation in physically disabled people.

The method of the present study was a quasi–experimental design with pretest–posttest and three–month follow–up with a control group. The statistical population was all 20 to 50 years old physically disabled people covered by Mashhad Welfare Organization, Mashhad City, Iran, in 2019. Forty–five subjects with inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study by a convenience sampling method. With personal consent, they were randomly divided into two experimental groups (dialectical behavior therapy and emotional schema therapy) and one control group (15 in each group). The inclusion criteria in the study were as follows: having only physical or mobility disabilities based on the diagnosis of the Welfare Medical Commission, participation of both sexes (male and female), having an age range between 20 and 50 years, holding a minimum diploma degree, not receiving concomitant therapies with research, having enough motivation and interest in treatment. The exclusion criteria included having major psychiatric disorders such as personality disorders, undergraduate education, severe medical and physical disorders, acute psychosocial problems, severe family and occupational problems affecting the treatment process; being abscent two sessions or more from intervention or concurrent participation in other psychotherapies. The study data were collected via the Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2001) in the pretest and posttest phase for subjects in all three groups. For the experimental groups, dialectical behavioral therapy was performed in eleven 60–minute sessions based on the McKay et al. (2007) treatment protocol, and the emotional schema therapy based on Leahy treatment protocol (2015) was performed in eleven 60–minute sessions. No intervention was provided for the control group. Descriptive statistics indicators (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test) were used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 25. The significance level was considered 0.05 or less.

The results showed that the effect of time and the interaction of time and group on the mean scores of the emotion regulation variable (adapted strategies and non–adapted strategies) were significant (p<0.001). The effect of the group on the mean scores of emotion regulation variables, including adapted strategies (p<0.001) and non–adapted strategies (p=0.043) was significant. Also, the mean scores of adaptive strategies of emotion regulation in the dialectical behavior therapy group were significantly lower than the emotional schema therapy group (p<0.001). The mean scores of adaptive strategies of emotion regulation in the emotional schem therapy group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). The mean scores of non–adapted emotion regulation strategies in the emotional schema therapy group were significantly lower than the control group (p=0.039). Also, in the experimental groups, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of emotion regulation (adapted strategies and non–adapted strategies) in the pretest and posttest stages (p<0.001) and pretest and follow–up (p<0.001).

Based on the findings, the effectiveness of emotion therapy schema on adapted emotion regulation strategies is greater than dialectical behavior therapy. Therefore, therapists can use the schema of emotional therapy as one of the new models of cognitive–behavioral therapy to improve emotion regulation in people with physical and motor disabilities.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables affecting family function that is affected by various psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotional schemas and marital satisfaction. 

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. Three hundred four married female students of Yazd University were selected by the available sampling method and fill out the marital satisfaction (Enrich, 1989), emotional schemas (Khanezadeh et al., 2008), and five facet mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. 

The results showed that the model was acceptable for fitting and showed that emotional schemas and mindfulness had a direct effect on marital satisfaction. Mediating results also showed that emotional schemas through mindfulness indirectly affect marital satisfaction and mindfulness can significantly play the partial mediating role. The direct and indirect effects of emotional schemas on satisfaction were negative twenty-three hundredths and negative thirteen hundredths respectively. 

According to the findings of this study, paying attention to variables such as emotional schemas and mindfulness can play a role in increasing the marital satisfaction of couples.

The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on the mood symptoms and impulsivity of women with bipolar disorder (I, II).

Methods and Materials: 

Present research was semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with control group that was performed on 30 female patients with bipolar disorder referring to the Farabi hospital in Isfahan in 2016. Participants were selected by available sampling, then they were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). Participants responded to Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (2004), Hamilton Questionnaire and Young Mania Scale in three steps pretest, posttest and follow-up. Experimental group in addition to medication, they received emotional schema therapy in group method during 14, 90-minute sessions while the control group did not received any cognitive intervention. Descriptive statistics methods and analysis of multivariate Covariance and were used for analyzing the data

Findings showed that emotional schema therapy had impact on the dimensions of impulsivity and mood symptoms (depression and mania) of bipolar patients and this effectiveness continued to be sustained in fallow up 3 months later.

Applying emotional schema therapy along with drug therapy can be effective intervention for treatment of mood symptoms and impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder.

Somatic symptoms make a significant part of admittances to health centers. Since clinical observations have linked these symptoms with emotions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on decreasing negative emotional schemas, Alexithymia And Signs of Patients with somatic Symptoms.

The present study was a type of semi-experimental research with pre-test post-test design with control group. The population of this study was all female patients with somatic symptoms of Isfahan province and sample included 30 referents from counseling centers of Isfahan and Khomeini shahr with somatic symptoms that were selected based on Judgment sampling and with psychiatrist's and psychologist's discriminant and divided into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions of emotional schema therapy approach. The Leahy Emotional Schematic Scale (LESS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS_20), and the B-Score Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSD-12) were used for participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS 24.

After the implementation of emotional schema therapy, there was a significant difference in the negative emotional schemas (F: 8. 24, P<0. 008), alexithymia (F: 250. 89, P<0. 001) and somatic symptoms (F: 374. 59, P<0. 001) in the experimental group compared to the control group and the mean scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group.

The results of this study showed The Emotional Schema Therapy Model, based on the existence of a relationship between negative emotional schemas and alexithymia with somatic symptoms, by modifying the underlying emotional processes and improving the maladaptive strategies of individuals toward emotions, reduced the negative emotional schema and alexithymia and somatic Symptoms. Keywords: Emotional Schema Therapy, Negative Emotional Schemas, Alexithymia, somatic Symptoms.