جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Child abuse » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Child abuse is considered a major public health issue worldwide. The knowledge and attitudes of parents and health service providers are of great importance in the prevention and control of child abuse. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of healthcare providers (HCPs) and healthcare clients (HCCs) regarding child abuse in Tabriz.

This cross-sectional study was performed among 445 HCPs and 390 HCCs in Tabriz in 2021. The samples were selected via random sampling methods, and the information was gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire. In this study, knowledge, attitudes, and performance were considered dependent variables, and demographic variables were regarded as independent variables. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the association between dependent and independent variables. The data were analyzed using Stata statistical software (version 17).

The mean score of the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of HCPs was 73.2, 87.89, and 85.12, respectively. The mean score of knowledge, attitudes, and performance of HCCs was 58.81, 64.3, and 48.18, respectively. The knowledge and performance of HCPs had a significant relationship with passing a training course in the field of child abuse, jobs, and education, so that passing the training course increased the knowledge score by 3.33 units. In addition, the knowledge and attitude of HCCs were significantly associated with gender, education, and marital status, so that the knowledge score of people with postgraduate education was 8.03 units higher than that of those having a diploma.

Overall, the knowledge, attitude, and performance of HCPs toward child abuse were favorable. Therefore, they may have a high potential for detecting child abuse and developing preventive initiatives. Additionally, considering the medium level of knowledge and performance of HCCs toward child abuse, it seems necessary to design family education programs for future parents and launch community-based support services in health centers to prevent child abuse.

The findings of this study can be presented to the policymakers of the Ministry of Health to provide an opportunity to improve the knowledge, attitude, and performance of HCPs and HCCs by developing national guidelines for dealing with child abuse.

Physical child abuse refers to the severe punishment of a child, as well as the child's excruciating pain due to physical punishment. When this type of child abuse is very severe, it can lead to broken bones of the child. Objectives review published studies to identify the characteristics that diagnosis fractures in children resulting from physical child abuse. Data sources All language literature search of Medline, Medline in Process, Embase, CINAHL, ISI, Scopus, SID, Magiran for original study articles, references, textbooks, and conference abstracts until March 2023.The results showed that in the diagnosis of child abuse, points such as history taking, laboratory tests, and physical examination should be considered. When infants and toddlers present with a fracture in the absence of a confirmed cause, physical abuse should be considered as a potential cause. During the assessment of individual fractures, the site, fracture type, and developmental stage of the child can help to determine the likelihood of abuse. The number of high quality comparative research studies in this field is limited.

Child abuse and neglect are global problems with negative outcomes in the quality of life among children. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group training on child-abuser mothers and the quality of life of children.

This interventional study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in kindergartens in Khorramabad, Iran. Using the cluster sampling method, 23 children who gained the abuse score were selected, along with their mothers were selected and randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) and a control (n=13) group. The mothers in the experimental group received cognitive-behavioral training for eight 90-minute sessions. The tools used to collect data consisted of the Child Abuse Scale (Mohammadkhani, 2011) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Fakkes, 2000). The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of <0.05.

The data analysis of this study showed that group cognitive-behavioral training had a significant effect on the reduction of all dimensions of mother’s child abuse (P<0.05) and a positive effect on evaluating the quality of life of children from their mother's point of view (P<0.05).

In general, the results of the study indicated that cognitive-behavioral training was effective in reducing mothers’ child abuse and improvement of the quality of life of preschool children.

Child abuse refers is a wide range of destructive behaviors include not meeting emotional needs, physical punishment, sexual abuse, malnutrition, and neglect of child health. The aim of this study was to determine the status of child abuse and mental health in children of psychiatric patients.

This descriptive cross-sectional study investigates child abuse in the children of patients with psychiatric disorders admitted to Zare Hospital in Sari, Iran in 2020. The questionnaires used in the study were SDQ and the CASRS. All data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. Significance level is considered P<0.05.

Patient’s age were 22-61 with mean and SD of 34±6.7 years and children were 12.1±2.6 years. 182(51.9%) children were girls and 169 (48.1%) were boys. The highest frequency of psychiatric disorder in patients was mood disorder 144 (41%), and schizophrenia 127 (36.2%). According to the CASRS scale, the mean and standard deviation of the subscales were 7.0±5.4 for physical abuse, 0.4±0.9 for sexual abuse, 8.5±2.1 for emotional absuse, and 8.8±5.0 for neglect. The scores of the SDQ of a healthy parent and the child themselves had a mean and standard deviation of 15.4±5.8 and 15.8±5.4, respectively.

The results of this study showed that the incidence of child abuse in the children of patients with psychiatric problems is high and this group needs social support as a shield and protective factor against the negative consequences of abuse that can prevent violence cycle and the occurrence of psychological disorders to victims.

The purpose of this study was to model the causal behaviors related to bullying based on the experience of child abuse mediating the role of emotional security.

Method of this research was correlational. The statistical population of this study included male high school students in Ardabil city in the academic year of 97-98 in which 385 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster random sampling. Bernstein's Child abuse (CTQ) and Emotional Security Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using AMOS22 and SPSS22 software.

The results of the study were in line with the hypotheses that showed child abuse (p<0.05) had a positive effect and emotional security (p<0.05) had a negative effect on bullying-related behaviors. Also, the fit of the proposed model has a good fit and the variable power of emotional security in mediating the impact of child abuse on bullying-related behaviors was confirmed.

According to the results, parents should be aware of the devastating consequences of child abuse on their children's mental and physical health and the importance of emotional security and safety in their children's healthy development, to prevent and reduce bullying-related behaviors. Teachers and school officials should also be aware of bullying and related behaviors to reduce and prevent harmful effects on students.

According to the available evidences regarding the consequences of sexual harassment, it is necessary to provide appropriate and effective treatment measures for the victims.The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused and existential group therapy on the adjustment of victims of childhood sexual abuse in Isfahan.

This was a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up experimental research with a control group. The samples were 45 individuals with a history of being victimized by any kind of sexual abuse in childhood, referring to psychology centers in Isfahan city. They were selected based on purposeful sampling, and they were randomly allocated into three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). One experimental group was intervented by emotion-focused therapy and the other was intervened by existential group therapy. All of them were compared with the control group after completing the intervention therapy procedure. Also, after three months, the groups were followed up.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that existential and emotion-focused therapy effectively increased home adjustment (p=0.037, p=0.021, f=3.480, eta=0.142) and health adjustment (p=0.023, p=0.050, f=3.230, eta=0.133) in victims of child sexual abuse in Isfahan. The results also showed that out of the two treatment methods, only the existential therapy could have a significant effect on the overall adjustment score of victims of child sexual abuse in Isfahan (p=0.048, f=3.620, eta=0.141).The emotion-focused therapy could not have such an effect.

Based on the findings, it is suggested that victims of sexual harassment undergo intervention to improve their adjustment with emotion-focused or existential therapy.

Child abuse is one of the most common psychological and social problems. One of the most important aspects of child abuse is its effects and consequences. Child abuse can have many detrimental effects on the children, parents and society as a whole. This study intends to investigate the physical and psychological consequences of child abuse in Kermanshah province.

This research was conducted using a qualitative method and content analysis approach. The statistical population of the study included all abused children and experts intervening in the phenomenon of child abuse in Kermanshah province in 2021. The sampling method was purposive with theoretical saturation criteria. In this study, ten abused children or their families and 16 experts active in the field of child abuse were interviewed in the semi-structured way. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method and categorization and coding were performed several times.

After analyzing the data obtained from interviews with experts and children, symptoms  such as "skin bruising, night sickness, bone fracture, fracture, stuttering, experience of persistent sore throat and bruising" were classified under the consequences  physical child abuse and the symptoms  such as "feeling miserable, low self-esteem, sense of victimhood, escaping from the crowd, being pessimistic about those around you, experiencing guilt, feelings of vengeance against the abuser, nervous tics, lack of concentration, thoughts and intention to commit suicide, parental hatred, future sense of destruction and persistent curse and profanity of abusers" have been classified into the category of consequences of child psychological abuse.

The findings showed that the phenomenon of child abuse is increasing in our society which is associated with many consequences. Hence to reduce these consequences, society needs comprehensive and coordinated planning from the government for appropriate changes in family, social, legal and administrative structures.

Objective:

 Child abuse is not a new phenomenon, it exists in different forms in any country and culture. Health care workers in health centers provide health-based services to families from pre-pregnancy to early childhood. Therefore, they should have the ability to identify the occurrence of child abuse. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a PRECEDE-based educational program in empowering health care workers to identify child abuse.

Methods :

This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 88 health care workers in health centers of Semnan city in Iran in 2017 who were randomly selected. They were divided into intervention (n= 44) and control (n=44) groups. The data collection tools were a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of the PRECEDE model. Educational program was provided in the intervention group at 4 sessions of 60 minutes. Data were collected before and one month after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 using statistical tests including Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and paired t-test.  

Results:

 The mean age of participants was 34±7.81 years. At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups. After intervention,  the mean scores of knowledge (P<0.0001), attitude (P<0.0001), enabling factors (P<0.05), and reinforcing factors (P=0.0001) were significantly different between the two groups. The mean pretest score of behavior in the intervention group was 41.41±4.150, which reached 47.34± 2.820 after the educational intervention which was significantly different (P<0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the behavior scores of control group.

Conclusion:

 The education based on PRECEDE model increases predisposing factors (knowledge and attitudes), enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and behavior of health care workers in identifying the cases of child abuse.

Horizontal violence toward nurses is known as an occupational injury agent around the world that has serious consequences for them. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nurses’ horizontal violence and the rate of child abuse against their children.

This study was a correlational descriptive study. 230 married nurses with children under 18 years old working in Isfahan social security hospitals were studied according to Cochran's formula by quota sampling method. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires of the parent-child conflict tactics scale (1995) and the Dumont horizontal violent questionnaire (2012). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive (frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA) with SPSS v.25.

Findings showed that the mean score of nurses' horizontal violent and abuse against children among nurses was higher than the average. There was also a positive and significant relationship between nurses horizontal violent and nurses' child abuse (neglect) against their children (r=0.257, p>0.001).

According to the results, horizontal violence in nurse's professional environment can increase the nurse's abuse (neglect) against their children. Therefore, paying more attention to horizontal violence and holding awareness-raising workshops and training on complications horizontal violence of nurses can help reduce the multifaceted effects of this phenomenon, including neglect against their children.