جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « EXTROVERSION » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Speaking anxiety in educational settings is among the most prevalent and important social anxieties playing a critical role in the anxiety experienced by students.

The current study aimed to test the structural relations model of personality traits with speaking anxiety among students.

The present research was descriptive-correlational of structural equations type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, in the academic year 2021-2022, among them 136 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. McCrae and Costa’s Personality Traits Questionnaire (1985) and Bartholomay and Houlihan’s (2016) Public Speaking Anxiety Scale were used for data collection, and data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS software version 18 and Amos software.

According to the results, the personality traits of extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were significantly and negatively related to speaking anxiety (p<0.05), and the personality trait of neuroticism was significantly and positively related to speaking anxiety in students (p<0.05). Also, according to the results of structural equations, extroversion (β=-0.033), conscientiousness (β=-0.162), and agreeableness (β=0.001) negatively and neuroticism (β=0.533) positively affected speaking anxiety.

The results demonstrate that personality traits significantly affect speaking anxiety, and the structural relations model has the necessary fit. Therefore, teachers should be aware of personality traits because conducting personality assessment may be very beneficial in directing students in learning and improving speaking.

Exposure to environmental sounds (noise pollution) is a key global public health concern that has implications for health and well-being (1). According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO), noise pollution has direct and indirect effects on the psychological and physiological health of people (2). As mechanical, irregular, unpleasant, unwanted and unavoidable waves, sound is an important source of physical and mental stress that is known as the most important physical harmful factor in developed and developing countries and it causes disorders in the hearing system (3, 4). The significant impact of sound on human health is a well-known fact (5). The adverse effects of sound on human health are related to various parameters such as sound type, frequency, intensity, pressure, duration of exposure and personal sensitivity to sound (4). In most researches, the effect of sound level is raised and related to sound frequency or low frequency sound (LFN (little research has been done. Low-frequency sound has a frequency range of 20 to 200 or 10 to 250 Hz, and the equivalent level of their sound exposure varies between 51 and 65 decibels, which is caused by the conversation of employees, the sound of the ventilation system, the sound of the telephone, and the sound of equipment such as printers(5,6). Previous studies showed that in open office offices, LFN mainly affects the cognitive performance and mental workload of employees (4). There are several studies that have investigated the effect of internal factors of office environments such as temperature, indoor air quality, light and sound on people's performance and have come to the conclusion that people's cognitive performance is also affected by the factors of the work environment (6). According to Carroll (1993), cognitive performance refers to abilities related to cognitive tasks such as learning, memory, language, problem solving, and reasoning (7). Although sound characteristics such as sound intensity and frequency are the main cause of harmful effects of sound, it is of particular importance to pay attention to the characteristics and personality traits of people as hosts of effects (8). Studies on the effects of noise on performance indicate that noise may cause some job problems and the number of errors increase work, but these effects depend on the type of sound and the type of work being performed and the personality type of people (5).Considering the mentioned materials and the existing contradictions regarding the effect of sound on the cognitive performance of people, as well as the effect of personality type on the level of said effect, the upcoming research aims to investigate the effects of exposure to low-frequency sound on the cognitive performance of employees of health, paramedical and Nursing of Kashan University of Medical Sciences and the role of personality types on the amount of effects and accepting or rejecting the existence of a logical and direct relationship in this regard. Considering that previous studies on the effect of sound with different frequencies on people's cognitive functions (especially selective attention and interference time) were conducted under controlled conditions and students were used to perform the test, in this study the effect of sound in the workplace it is investigated on the cognitive performance of employees in real working environments.

This study was conducted among faculty members and staff of health, paramedical and nursing faculties of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. At first, a letter was sent to the staff and faculty members of paramedical, health and nursing faculties of Kashan University of Medical Sciences through the administrative automation system, and the staff of these three faculties were invited to participate in the study. At the same time, and in order to familiarize all personnel with the research plan, the pamphlet introducing the research plan was also distributed among them. After reading the pamphlet and getting familiar with the objectives of the research project, 66 people volunteered to participate in the study by completing the informed consent form.
In order to ensure the health of the auditory and visual systems (full color vision) of the volunteers, audiometry (5) and Ishihara (5,8) tests were performed and 5 volunteers were excluded from the study due to hearing loss.In order to determine the personality type of people (extrovert/introvert), the volunteers were asked to complete the Eysenck personality questionnaire (5). After completing the Eysenck questionnaire by the participants, at first, the answers were checked from the perspective of factor L (reality of the answers), and 18 candidates were excluded from the study due to giving false answers. Then the personality type of the people participating in the project was determined.In order to perform the complex Stroop test (5) in an isolated environment, after 1:30 minutes from the start of work, the volunteers were asked to go to the designated room for the test (isolated room) and perform the Stroop test in that environment. In this stage and the following stages, in order to eliminate interfering factors, the participants were asked to have a full 8-hour sleep the night before the test and to refrain from drinking coffee, chocolate and caffeinated drinks in the hours before the test. Then, in order to determine the effect of the noise of the open-plan office environment on the employees' cognitive performance, on a specific day after 1:30 minutes from the start of work, the employees were asked to perform the Stroop test at their workplace. At this stage, 3 candidates failed to complete the Stroop test and were excluded from the study. Finally, the total number of participants in the research project was 40 people, who were divided into two equal groups of introverts and extroverts according to their personality type. After conducting the Stroop test at the workplace by the employees, by comparing the results obtained from the Stroop test in an isolated environment and the Stroop test at the workplace, the hypotheses of the study were examined. Figure 1 shows the method of conducting this research.

According to the frequency composition of sample population, it is clear that based on observations, %35 of the respondents are men and %65 are women. Among the introverts, 12 people (%60) were women and   8 people (%40) were men, and among the extroverts, 14 people (%70) were women and 6 people (%30) were men. The average age of introverts was 40.75 and the average age of extroverts was 42.4. The average score of personality type in extroverts was 76.45 and in introverts was 23.95. Table 1 shows the comparison of average Interference time 1 and 2 / sum of errors 1 and 2 / Interference number 1 and 2 in the population of introverts. As can be seen, the highest average value is related to Interference time 1 – Interference time 2 with a standarddeviation of 20.57. The results of the statistical test showed that there is a significant relationship between the Interference number of answer 1 and the Interference number of answer 2.Table 2 shows the comparison of average Interference time 1 and 2 / sum of errors 1 and 2 / Interference number of answer 1 and 2 in the extrovert population. As it can be seen, the highest average value is related to the Interference number of answer 1 – the Interference number of answer 2 with a standard deviation of 48.27.Chart 1 shows well the results of the test in the isolation room and the workplace among the introverts and extroverts population. According to the graph, the test results of the two groups of people at the workplace are close to each other. In fact, it can be said that the performance of extroverts in the workplace is better than the performance of introverts.According to diagram 1, the interference time of introverts is longer than extroverts during the test in the isolation room (introverts have responded to the stimulus later and more accurately), and this has caused the number of errors of introverts less than extroverts; Extroverted people have a faster response to the stimulus, and as a result, the number of their errors has also increased, which is in line with Eysenck's theory (5), according to which extroverts act faster than introverts in performing intelligence tests, but Their accuracy is less. It is noteworthy that according to the results of the complex Stroop test at the workplace, the duration of interference of introverts is less than that of extroverts (they responded to the stimulus faster than the time in the isolated room) and the extroverts compared to the time of the test in the room. In isolation, they responded slower to the stimulus, but the number of errors of extroverts was still higher than introverts, which can be a strong reason for the low accuracy of extroverts compared to introverts.According to the results of the present study, the interference time and the number of errors of introverts in the workplace are less than those isolated from extroverts, which are in line with the findings of Jalil Derakhshan et al. (5) in the research of Jalil Derakhshan et al. Introverts performed better after exposure to noise than before exposure to noise, while it was expected that introverts would perform lower than extroverts according to related research. These findings can be explained based on the theory of adaptation; adaptation refers to the gradual adaptation of a person to environmental conditions (5). From the point of view of the interference score factor (the difference between the number of correct responses to the congruent stimulus and the number of correct responses to the incongruent stimulus), which expresses the individual's focus and selective attention, as clearly shown in Figure 1, the performance of extroverts is better than introverts. It is indicative of the higher concentration of extroverts than introverts in the workplace that the results of this study are in line with the results of similar studies. The sound components of attention, tolerance and concentration are reduced. The similar results in this field can be mentioned in Babamiri's research that in introverted people, the problem related to concentration and fatigue in the condition of playing sound is clear compared to the condition without sound(5).

The results obtained from this research show that the sound of the open-plan office (low frequency sound) has an effect on cognitive performance and the individual differences of people (in the present study, personality type) are effective on the amount of this effect in such a way that extroverts at the work place have a higher concentration and selective attention compared to introverts. On the other hand, according to the findings of the current research and the Yerkes & Dodson law, the stimuli of the work environment (presence at an optimal level) can motivate people and increase their performance. During exposure to sound, extroverts have higher cognitive performance components than introverts compared to the time before exposure to sound. The better performance of introverts during the test in the isolation room is an indication of their avoidance of stimulation and their tendency to silence is a natural and genetic issue.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.

Personality traits are one of the important variables in explaining behavior. Many behavioral psychologists have been motivated to produce a variety of theories about personality. On the other hand, a wide range of characteristics and their roles in humans, performance have been classified and introduced. Matching these two view points can provide a more precise and useful viewpoint in this regard. The purpose of this study is compare the indicators of extroversion from the perspective of psychology and Islam.

This is a review study. For extracting and analyzing the indexes of extroversion, psychological books and sources and Islamic texts i.e. the Quran and the hadiths (statements from the Prophet and Imams) were used. Then, the indexes of extroversion were compared from the perspective of Islam and Islamic texts. The authors reported no conflict of interests.

All the six indicators of extroversion in psychology can be found in Islamic texts as well, but in the latter, the concept and the criteria are more accurate and extensive than those in psychological texts. The indicators of extroversion in psychology have been merely based on behavioral and psychological factors while in Islam, there is a relational triangle between human, others and God, The purpose of psychology in explaining the indicators is individual and social well-being. But in Islam, in addition to this purpose, attention to each of the indicators provides the ground for eternal salvation.

Without taking the theoretical and virtual dimension into account, it is impossible to achieve an explicit meaning of the indicators of extroversion. Godliness paves the way for a desirable human relationship with others and Islam provides people with the opportunity to become more extroverted through practical measures and incentives.

Currently, the corona virus has spread all over the world and has left various psychological effects on people in the community. In the meantime, some people are more caring about their behaviors, which can be for a variety of reasons.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits (conscientiousness and extraversion) and gender differences with self-care behaviors in the community of Kermanshah.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 304 adults in Kermanshah in 2020 were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants responded online (WhatsApp) to the Extraversion and Conscientiousness subscales of the short form of the 60-item Neo Questionnaire and the Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-25 and linear regression analysis.

The results showed that in the first model, among the studied variables, gender was the best predictor of self-care. Gender 0.09 explained the changes in self-care variable (P<0.001 and F=17.30). In the second step, the variables of gender and conscientiousness were included in the study. These two variables together predicted 0.14 of the variances of the self-care variable (P<0.001 and F=13.98).

These results showed that individuals with conscientious characteristics, as well as women, were more likely to follow corona-related self-care behaviors. These results will have practical implications for the development of interventions for current and future crises.

Religion has played a significant role in people's life. Iran, as a religious country, has tried to highlight its role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between five personality dimensions and religiosity among students of Mazandaran University.

Data were collected from 407 male and female students of Mazandaran University based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. Glock and Stark’ as well as Costa and McCrae’s scales were applied to measure religiosity and personality dimensions, respectively.

The results showed that respondents had higher scores on religiosity such as ritual, emotion, and consequence. In personality dimensions, they scored higher in neuroticism and pleasantness and lower in extroversion, openness and conscientiousness. Moreover, the results indicated that personality dimensions of extroversion, openness and conscientiousness had a positive and significant relationship with religiosity of students, while neuroticism and pleasantness had no significant relationship with religiosity. Besides, the regression demonstrated the conscientiousness and openness of personality dimensions as predictable factors of students' religiosity.

Considering the high level of neuroticism of the students and trying to treat it, it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in personality dimensions in order to increase religiosity among male and female students. That is, first by identifying their personality type and desires, the method of religious propaganda should be chosen among them.

Living with chronic pain can cause a great deal of mental and emotional stress. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between social support and the personality traits of extroversion and neuroticism and psychological well-being in patients with chronic pain referred to specialized clinics in the city of Rasht. The present study is descriptive and shows a correlation. The study sample included 150 women with pain chronic. They were selected from female and male patients with chronic pain that received treatment in the Clinic of Chronic Pain and Hospital in Rasht. To evaluate the variables, NEO personality traits, Filips social support and Riyf Psychological well-being questionnaires were employed. In order to analyze the data, the statistical methods of Spearman correlation and regression analysis were used. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between psychological wellbeing in women with chronic pain and extroversion and social support (P<0/01). There is a reverse and significant correlation between neuroticism and psychological well-being (P>0/01). Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that the variables of neuroticism, extroversion and social support predicted 74% of the changes in psychological well-being (P>0/01). Therefore, with the planned curriculum in order to improve the psychological well-being and personality traits in these women with chronic pain we should work to improve their social support.

Central serous retinopathy is one of the eye diseases and one of the risk factors of it is psychological stress. The aim of this study was to compare the emotional control and extroversion in men and women with retinopathy and to examine the relationship between these two variables. It was also attempted to calculate the relative effect of emotional control and extraversion on the state and severity of retinopathy based on fuzzy logic algorithm. Roger and Najarian (1989) emotional control questionnaire and the 5 big factor personality test were used. After conventional selecting a sample, with a volume of 50 (40 male) from Isfahan ophthalmology hospitals, they were asked to answer the questionnaires. There was no significant difference between the women and men in emotional control and extroversion. Extroversion showed a negative correlation with the subscale of emotional suppression (r = -0.36, p <0.009), and positive correlation with benign control (r = 0.38, p <0.006). Considering to the allocation of input and output parameters, their effects on retinopathy using fuzzy logic algorithm has been figured out. According to the proposed fuzzy rules and ianterference engine the effect of variables categorized very well. Reviewing two important personality variables in retinopathy accompany with appropriate fuzzy algorithm were proposed to predict the effect of extroversion and emotional suppression on severity of retinopathy. This rate is achieved by applying the proposed fuzzy logic rules and algorithm. Statistical results showed the effect of the parameters well.

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the relationship personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) and self-efficacy with aging depression in retiree male teachers in Harsin City, Iran.
Methods & Materials The present study followed a cross-sectional descriptive correlation method. In this research, a total of 173 retiree male teachers in Harsin were selected by random sampling method. Research tools included geriatric depression scale, NEO five-factor inventory and generalized self-efficacy scale.
Results The obtained information was separately analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression. This research showed significant negative associations between aging depression with extraversion (r=-0.65, PConclusion Neuroticism can affect aging depression of retiree male teachers. And more extraversion and self-efficacy can result in decrease in depression of retiree male teachers.

Disproportion between personality characteristics and the proportion of job dissatisfaction with their jobs, the major challenges that forensic directors in connection with its staff faced. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality characteristics and job satisfaction forensics is Lorestan province in 1393.

This cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical. Legal Medicine Lorestan Province was studied population of employees. Staff of forensic Medicine Lorestan Province was studied population. Smith and colleagues gauges to measure job satisfaction questionnaire and personality characteristics of Eysenck, which had a total of 61 questions, is used. Data from the study were analyzed using partial least squares method.

The total number of participants (n = 44) were 60% male and 40% female. The correlation coefficient between personality characteristics and job satisfaction was 0/726. The correlation coefficient introverted character, extroverted, stable, neuroticism and job satisfaction, respectively was, 0/231, 0/448,0/ 613,- 0/453.

The characteristics of personality (introverted, extroverted, emotional stability) had relationship with the components of job satisfaction (nature of the work, manager’s behavior, job commitment, payments, citizenship behavior, colleagues’ behavior, promotion and enhancement). But the neurotic personality type there is a significant negative correlation with job satisfaction. As a result, employees who are neurotic are slower than job satisfaction.

It has been emphasized in different studies that personality traits of the couples are important in marital satisfaction and adjustment. However, there have been some inconsistencies and discrepancies in previous researches regarding the possible relationships between extroversion as a personality trait, and marital satisfaction, the present study was aimed at integrating the results of different researches, and assessing the size of effect of extroversion and marital satisfaction, by the use of meta analysis.
Twelve researches were selected from 20 researches which were acceptable according to their methodology. The selected researches were meta analyzed by a checklist. The total size of sample was 2535, and 12 size of effect was drawn from it.
The findings have shown that the size of effect for the relationship between extroversion and marital satisfaction was equal to 0.024 (P>0.001). The size of effect was obtained as medium - low according to Kuhn table.
According to the obtained size of effect, extroversion as a personality trait has a significant relationship with marital satisfaction, and hence, it seems that extrovert couples have more marital satisfaction.

Commitment is one of the most important components of a successful marriage that without it, the marital commitment will be superficial, apparent and without direction. In this case, the couples are not able to experience the depth of love and intimacy which create because of loyalty, commitment, and marriage. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between marital commitments and personality traits.

This study is a descriptive study of correlation. The study population consisted of all the married staff of welfare agencies in North Khorasan Province in 2013. The sample consisted 155 (67 males and 88 females) persons who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data gathering was conducted by using standard questionnaires of Adams and Jonas Marital Commitment inventory (DCI) (1997) and McCrae & Costa personality Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (1991). Data analysis was performed by SPSS v.18 software and using Pearson Correlation and linear regression methods.

Results showed that personality traits of extroversion, adaptability and responsibility have positive and significant relationship (0.217, 0.534 and 0.529 respectively), and personality trait of neuroticism and openness to experience have negative and significant relationship (-0.49 and -0.59 respectively) with marital commitment. Findings also showed that neuroticism, adaptability, openness to experience, responsibility and extroversion which explained changes of marital commitment by 0.24, 0.28, 0.34, 0.28 and 0.04, respectively, are significant at 0.99 confidences.

The findings showed that personality traits of persons are important factors in predicting their marital commitment. According to the findings, it is recommended that the role of personality factors as an affecting factor on the marital relationship can be investigated much more.

manpower in any organization, resulting in improved individual and organizational performance and achieve the goals of the screw. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the components of the Five Factor Model of Personality and Social lazy employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2014. This study was descriptive correlation. The research samples consisted of 203 employees working in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling was used. The NEO Personality Inventory data collection tool properties (NEO) and social laziness sets. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation and variance) and inferential statistics for research hypotheses test (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression) were used to analyze data from SPSS18 software. Results showed that among all the independent variables, personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) to a variable relationship with the dependent variable, Openness to Experience There is social laziness (P<0.05). Also, the results of multiple regression of independent variables on the dependent variable of social laziness indicates that the former variables, Conscientiousness and Extraversion variables significantly explain the social laziness stems(P<0.05). The coefficient of determination shows that 15.7% of the variance in social laziness by other variables, personality traits (Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness) is unjustified. The results show that the personality of many aspects of their performance and ultimately organizational performance-'s impact.

Learning style is performance indicators for each individual in the process of receiving information for learning. Personality traits are the factors affecting learning styles and Knowledge of personality is helpful to effectively tackle the problems of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and and kolb learning style that among Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences was conducted.
Research method was correlation, and statistical population included and 300 students participated in this study Participants were asked to complete the five factor personality questionnaire (NEO-FFI) and kolb leaning style questionnaireThe reliability and validity of the scales were reported optimal. In order to test study hypothesis multiple regression analysis and MANOVA were used.
The results showed that there were significant relationships among the components of personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness desire for new experiences) and their lerning style. But there was no significant relationship between neuroticism and duti fulness. In addition, there is the significant negative correlation between extraversion and converging learning style (P=0.00, β=-0.48) and the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style (P=0.01, β=-0.29). There is the significant negative correlation between agreement and divergent learning style (P=0.02, β=-0.27) and the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style (P=0.001, β=-0.37).
The results showed that there were significant relationships among the components of personality traits and their lerning style. But there was no significant relationship between neuroticism and duti fulness. In addition, there is the significant negative correlation between extraversion and converging learning style. And the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style. There is the significant negative correlation between agreement and divergent learning style. And the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style.

Consideration of suicide attempt and related factors has valuable clinical outcomes in domains of prevention and crisis intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive role of age, gender and psychological factors accompanied with suicide attempt in general population. In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 154 subjects included 43 persons with suicide attempts with drug poisoning that attended to the two poisoning referral hospitals in Tehran and 111 persons without suicide attempt among staffs in these hospitals were selected by convenience sampling. Data collected with NEO-Five Factor Personality Inventory, Symptom Check-List Revised, the defense Style Questionnaire, The Beck Scale for suicide Ideation, The Beck Hopelessness Scale and demographical questionnaire, then analyzed by T test and Logistic Regression with PASW. Suicide thoughts (OR=8/714; %CI:1/616-18/033), aggression (OR=5/006; %CI:1/829-16/115), psychoticism (OR=2/035; %CI:0/008-7/551), neuroticism (OR=4/991; %CI:1/704-9/417), extroversion (OR=2/818; %CI:1/014-8/965), neurotic defense style (OR=3/615; %CI:1/399-8/946), immature defense style (OR=2/215; %CI:1/008-7/466) and hopelessness (OR=8/922; %CI:1/834-21/058) significantly differentiated persons with suicide attempt from persons without suicide attempt (P<0/001). Discussion & In this model, risky psychological factors increase the odds ratio of suicide attempt. These finding have applied implications in designing of preventive interventions and crisis intervention programs for self-harm behaviors.

Aim and

Using a correlational method، the present research was done to study the inter-relations between early maladaptive schemas and five main factors of personality traits. Method and Materials: The statistical population consisted of bachelor’s، master’s، and doctoral degrees students of the University of Tehran from which a sample group of 200-subject (100 males and 100 females) was selected through available sampling method. Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and revised Five-Factor Inventory of personality (NEO-FFI) questionnaires were used as the tools of the study while Pearson correlation and canonical correlation tests were used for the data analysis.

The findings suggested that personality trait of neuroticism and maladaptive schema of abandonment/instability had the most prominent role in the first canonical root. Maladaptive schema of social isolation/alienation and personality trait of agreement، and maladaptive schema of mistrust/abuse and personality trait of conscientiousness had the most prominent role in the second and third canonical roots، respectively.

According to results، it can be concluded that there was a statistically significant convergence and overlap between the early maladaptive schemas and personality dimensions.