جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Schoolchildren » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Head louse infestation, pediculosis, is a serious health problem worldwide. Infected children usually suf-fer from itching, allergies, and secondary infections besides psychological disorders such as depression and lack of self-confidence leading to school failure. This study aimed to investigate the status of pediculosis and its determinant factors among schoolchildren in Amol City, Northern Iran.

This study included 228 schools frequented by about 20017 students. Pediculosis was determined by careful examination of students’ hair on the scalp, back of the neck, and around the ears. The diagnosis was based on observa-tion of live adults, nymphs, and nits. A questionnaire was used to record the personal and demographic characteristics of participants.

This study revealed that the prevalence of pediculosis among schoolchildren during all schooling seasons (au-tumn, winter, and spring) correlated with sex: the prevalence being higher among girls than boys (p= 0.00). In addition, the highest rates of pediculosis occurred during the autumn season (p= 0.00). The public schools accommodated higher numbers of louse-infected students than the private ones (p= 0.00). While head louse occurred at higher frequencies in long hair over the schooling year, dandruff had anti-louse effects (p= 0.00) during cold seasons, autumn, and winter. Socioeconomic status and educational level of parents played determinant roles in head louse prevalence (p= 0.00). Schoolchildren coming from socioeconomically well-situated families had lower rates of head louse infestation.

Our results showed that head pediculosis was a serious health problem among schoolchildren in Amol city and its prevalence and severity tended to be multifactorial.

Physical fitness in Cameroonian students has been assessed previously, but most have focused on urban areas. This study aimed to objectively evaluate two components of physical fitness and factors associated with it among urban and semiurban secondary school students in two municipalities in the Littoral province, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2021 in three randomly selected secondary schools in the Littoral Province. The study included 459 students aged 10 to 15 years, comprising 252 students from urban areas (UA) and 207 from semi-urban areas (SUA). Each student’s height, weight, and blood pressure were assessed, and two field tests (20-m shuttle test and 4x10-m test) were performed to estimate maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and measure agility. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 21.4%, with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity among boys in semi-urban areas and an equal prevalence of overweight among urban and semi-urban girls. SUA students performed significantly better in the speed test (4x10-m) and VO2max (P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively) compared to UA students. A comparison of age groups [ (10-12 yrs) and (13-15 yrs)] showed no significant difference in VO2max values between urban and semi-urban dwellers (P=0.06 and P=0.29, respectively). VO2max values were above the threshold values associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Urban students were less physically active than semi-urban students, but the prevalence of overweight/obesity was similar in both settings.

To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in Shiraz schoolchildren aged between 6 and 12 years.

In the present population‑based study, stratified random sampling was used to select 2400 schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from all four educational districts of Shiraz, Iran. Using the definitions of the World Health Organization, VI was defined as best‑corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤0.5 logMAR (20/60) in the better eye, and blindness as BCVA worse than 1.3 logMAR (20/400) in the better eye. The low vision was defined as BCVA equal to or worse than 0.5 logMAR (20/60) in either eye. Data were recorded from a detailed interview and ocular examination of each eligible student.

The mean age of the students was 9.1 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of VI was 3/2001 (0.14%). The cause of VI in all these three patients (100%) was amblyopia due to high refractive errors (high ametropia and astigmatism). Regarding the main refractive errors leading to VI among these three patients, one patient had bilateral high hyperopia (compound hyperopic astigmatism), one of them had bilateral high astigmatism, and the other one had compound myopic astigmatism. According to a visual acuity of less than or equal to 20/60 in at least one eye, 9/2001 (0.4%) of children had low vision.

This study revealed a low prevalence of VI in a sample of

Despite an agricultural country, India confronting malnutrition as a major public health challenge, where every second child is at risk of malnutrition. The nation ranking second in population with disproportionate rural and urban demography, further poor penetration of government assisted programs in remote, underserved areas fuelling the malnutrition in rural areas. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital. Total 465 schoolchildren in rural and urban areas of Bareilly district were screened for malnutrition and their socio-demographic profiles were studied. Overall, the prevalence of malnutrition in schoolchildren of Bareilly district was 40.2%. Fraction contributed by urban and rural territories was 35.2% and 43%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was found higher in rural area as compared to urban area and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The study shows 43% prevalence of malnutrition in rural areas and under nutrition was the main cause of malnutrition attributed by poverty and illiteracy. However, urban areas reported 7.8% lower prevalence of malnutrition, but alarming trends of overweight and obesity 15.2%.

Back pain is one of the most important public health problems that is on the rise among the schoolchildren’s population. The aim of this study was to determine cognitive factors related to back care-related behavior based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) among female schoolchildren.

A cross-sectional study was directed among 5th-grade female students through a convenience method. Structured questionnaire data were collected from 610 students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran from October 2018 to March 2019. The initial model was formulated based on the SCT. Based on these data, the hypothesized model was confirmed via a structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS (version 24.0) and LISREL (version 8.80).

The skills (r=0.73, t-value=13.42), self-efficacy (r=0.87, t-value=15.51), and expectation beliefs (r=0.61, t-value=6.68) were verified as key cognitive factors that cause a back behavior. Finally, various indicators such as comparative fit index, normed fit index, and root mean squared error of approximation demonstrated the fitness of the models (P<0.0001).

The results showed that those schoolchildren having more self-efficacy, skills, and expectation beliefs are more likely to do proper back behavior. In this regard, school-based back pain prevention interventions should further focus on predefine key cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.

The background is to determine the influence of speed and strength training of schoolchildren aged 13–14 on the indicators of the ability of children with different nervous system strength to switch attention.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted on sixty schoolchildren in a class 7, located in the city of Kirov, in Russia. The data were collected using an independent pedagogical experiment. Physical education at the school was held two times a week for 40 min each lesson. Children from class 7a (20 people) were engaged in the usual program and formed a control group. Children from class 7b (20 people) formed an experimental group, they performed an additional set of physical exercises at each lesson, aimed at developing speed and strength abilities. The strength of the nervous system was determined by tapping test, and the indicators of switching the attention of schoolchildren were determined by the test “Method of Numbers”. T-student was used.

After the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of attention switching in the control group improved. In children with a strong nervous system, the indicator was higher by 7%, and in children with a weak nervous system, the indicators increased from 33.7 ± 3.1 s to 32.0 ± 2.9 s. At the same time, in the experimental group, in both subgroups, the indicators increased significantly. Children with a strong nervous system improved performance by 14%, and children with a weak nervous system improved performance from 34.4 ± 3.9 s to 29.2 ± 3.3 s.

The indicators of switching the attention of children aged 13–14 years will improve if they perform physical exercises at each physical culture lesson at school, which are aimed at developing speed and strength abilities. The components of the load for the development of abilities should be differentiated taking into account the strength of the schoolchildren nervous system.

At the present stage of the development of society, one of the priority tasks of the state is to improve the system of physical education for schoolchildren. Recently, the problem of reforming the school system of physical education has become extremely urgent.

The purpose of our study is to form a model for implementing the health care system for the formation of sports education among schoolchildren.

The basis of our methodology is the functional modeling system IDEF0, which allows us to form a model according to the goal set in the study.

Our research has brought an original result, which consists in the formation of a model for implementing a health care system for the formation of physical education among schoolchildren.

Further research will be aimed at analyzing the attitude of physical culture teachers to innovations that are declared in the curriculum based on the principle of variability, as well as the willingness of specialists to work according to modular programs.

This study aimed to determine the effect of speed-strength exercises on the vestibular stability of schoolchildren with different nervous systems. The pedagogical experiment was conducted from January 12 to March 20, 2020 in Kirov, Russia, school number 60. The study involved children aged 13-14, 20 students from grade 7a and 20 students from grade 7b. The participants from class 7a were considered as the control group, being engaged in the usual program; and those from class 7b additionally performed speed-strength exercises. Children from grade 7b were divided into two subgroups taking into account the strength of their nervous systems, determined based on a «tapping test». Vestibular stability of schoolchildren was measured using the test of «Turns on the gymnastic bench». The data was analyzed using the Student's T-test. After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of vestibular stability in schoolchildren in all subgroups were improved, but in different ways. In the control group, the indicators were improved slightly, only by 6-7% (p>0.05). However, in the experimental groups the indicators improved significantly. In children with a strong nervous system, the indicators improved by 21% (p>0.05), and in children with a weak nervous system, by 18% (p>0.05). If at each physical education lesson at school children will additionally perform speed and strength exercises, then the indicators of vestibular stability will improve. Physical activity should be differentiated taking into account the strength of the nervous system of schoolchildren

The adverse health effects of air pollution have been observed in many epidemiological studies. The aim of this research was to study the effects of air pollution on pulmonary functions in schoolchildren in Tehran city.

Total number of 167 schoolchildren were selected to participate in this study. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized estimating equation (GEE) to determine the relationship of air pollution and lung function tests.

The result of this study showed that there are statistically significant differences in value of air pollution between areas. The results present that concentration of O3, PM10, NO2 has a negative association with lung function tests but concentration of CO, PM2.5, and SO2 had no association with decreased lung function tests. Time variable of air pollution was not statistically significant effect on lung function test.

In this study, we conclude that air pollution in Tehran city can be decreased lung function test indexes that may be affected by short-time exposure to air pollutant.

Handwriting dysfunction may harm children’s wellbeing. Therapists and elementary school teachers help to identify and improve children’s handwriting performance. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between therapists’ assessment and teachers’ perception of handwriting performance in first graders.

This cross-sectional study involved (n=31) first-grade students, aged 6-8 years from an international school in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Teachers evaluated the handwriting proficiency using the Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaire (HPSQ), and the explored students were rated as proficient and non-proficient hand writers. Furthermore, therapists assessed students’ handwriting proficiency using the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA) (manuscript & D’Nealian styles) scores. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess the differences in MHA scores between proficient and non-proficient hand writers. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the scores of MHA and HPSQ.

There was a significant difference in all component scores of MHA (except the rate) and both writing styles between the proficient and non-proficient writers (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the MHA and the HSPQ scores (P<0.05). However, further analysis of these scales’ components suggested no significant association between teachers’ and therapists’ evaluation of the handwriting speed domain.

There was a significant relationship between the teacher’s and therapist’s evaluation of handwriting performance using standardized measures. Thus, therapists should work in collaboration with teachers to identify and treat handwriting difficulties in school children.

Background:

 The aim of this study was to determine the influence of speed and strength abilities of children aged 13-14 years on the indicators of speed of movement, taking into account the differentiated physical activity, which is based on the strength of the nervous system.  

This case-control study was conducted in an ordinary school in Russia, 40 seventh-graders took part in the experiment. Children from the control group (n=20) were engaged in the usual program, and children from the experimental group (n=20) additionally performed speed-strength exercises at each physical education lesson. Physical activity for children in the experimental group was differentiated, taking into account the strength of the schoolchildren nervous system. All schoolchildren took tests: tapping test, speed-strength abilities were determined by three tests. The speed of movement of schoolchildren was determined by the test «Running on the spot». Two results of two groups were compared.  

After the pedagogical experiment, the indicators for all tests in all subgroups increased. In the control group, the indicators of speed and strength abilities in both subgroups improved by 2-4% (p>0.05), and the indicators of speed of movement by 4-6% (p>0.05). At the same time, the children from the experimental group the indicators of speed and strength abilities improved by 11-16% (p <0.05), and the indicators of speed of movement improved by 17-19% (p <0.05).  

After focused work in physical education classes at school on speed and strength abilities the indicators will improve not only speed-power abilities, but also increase the speed of movement taking into account the typology of the nervous system of schoolchildren.

Self-efficacy is an important predictor of spine-related behavior among adults. This article aimed to assess the self-efficacy toward healthy spine-related behavior among schoolchildren in Iran.

Method and Materials: 

A cross-sectional study was done in region 22 of capital Tehran, Iran , through a simple random sampling method. In this regard, 104 schoolchildren participated in the study. To collect data, a self-reported questionnaire was used. Descriptive/ analytical statistical analysis was applied. Chi-square test was used to obtain relationship between self-efficacy and participants characterizes. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 24.

In all, 104 female elementary schoolchildren who were studying in 5th grade participated in this study. The findings demonstrated that the rate of back pain during last week was 23.1% (n=24). Only, 16.3% (n=17) of participants had a high level of self-efficacy. There were significant relationships  between father’s job (P=0.019) and presence of back pain (P=0.048) with self-efficacy.

Perceived self-efficacy toward healthy spine-related behavior was needed to be improved among schoolchildren by applying potential change strategies in educational program.

Background:

 A physical education lesson at school allows comprehensive physical development of children at school. The present study was aimed at studying the effect of physical exercise on the memory of schoolchildren in general education schools in Russia. We aimed to determine the impact of exercise Classics on the development of memory in children 9-10 years old.

Materials and Methods :

A pedagogical study was conducted in Kirov (Russia) in 2020, at secondary school No. 60. The control group was engaged in a standard program of physical culture. The children in the experimental group additionally used the exercise Classics in each lesson. The study was conducted over a period of 9 months, in which forty 9-10-year-olds took part. Physical education classes were held 2 times a week for 40 minutes each lesson. The level of development of coordination abilities was assessed by the Shuttle run test, and the children's memory indicators were assessed by the Jacobs Method test. Data were analyzed using Bio-stat 2009, Microsoft excel 2016 programs.

Results:

 In control group, in the Shuttle run test, the indicators improved by 2.9% (P>0.05), and in the test for the level of memory development, the indicators improved from 5.7±0.6 to 5.9±0.4 (P>0.05). In experimental group, in the Shuttle run 3x10 m test, performance improved by 14.1% (p <0.05), and in the Jacobs Method test, performance improved from 5.4±0.3 to 6.5±0.4 (p <0.05).

Conclusion :

These results indicate the effectiveness of using Classical exercises in physical education lessons when working with younger schoolchildren.

A smart vision screening instrument was applied for screening low eyesight in primary school students in Wuhan, China. We aimed to compare the differences in test results between this instrument and lamp-box visual acuity charts, assess the validity of the screening results, and perform a preliminary comparison of the cost inputs of the two approaches.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in Wuhan, China in 2017, vision tests were performed on the same day among enrolled primary school students by using the two approaches. The t-test and kappa test were performed to compare the differences, and the indicators of validity were calculated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. Existing cost-input data were collected and the budget was analyzed.

In total, 1001 schoolchildren were included, and the prevalence of low eyesight was 21.18% (95% CI: 18.71-23.87%). The test results of the two approaches were not statistically different (t=1.929, P>0.05) and showed moderate consistency (kappa=0.519, P<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the instrument were 84.90% (95% CI: 79.21-89.30%) and 91.63% (95% CI: 89.42-91.64%), respectively; positive predictive value was 73.17% (95% CI: 67.10-78.51%); and negative predictive value was 95.76% (95% CI: 94.00-97.04%). Area under the ROC curve was 0.883 (95% CI: 0.853-0.913) and significantly differed from 0.5 (P<0.001). The budget when using the instrument decreased 48.07% compared to that when using lamp-box visual acuity charts.

The test result of the instrument is reliable, and using it to conduct screening is cost-saving. Therefore, it might be popularized for vision monitoring in schoolchildren.

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between height and dental caries among 13‑year‑old adolescents in schools of Bangalore, India.

A cross‑sectional study was undertaken on 1900 schoolchildren aged 13 years from both government and private schools of Bangalore using stratified random sampling. Demographic data; family‑related factors; and general and oral health‑related factors such as frequency of sugar consumption, dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and dental attendance were interviewed using both open‑ended and close‑ended questions. Anthropometric measurements for height and weight were performed. Clinical examination was done and caries was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index (WHO criteria, 1997). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0, and descriptive statistics including percentages, mean, and frequencies were performed. Student’s t‑test and ANOVA were applied to find the significant differences between mean DMFT among groups. Categorical data were analyzed by Chi‑square test for differences between groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the correlation among dental caries and height and body mass index (BMI). P value was set at a statistical significance level of 0.05.

The prevalence of dental caries among the study population was 36.3% which was higher among girls as compared to boys. Dental caries was found to be significantly associated with socioeconomic status, family structure, birth order, use of oral hygiene aids, mouthrinsing, last dental visit, weight, and BMI. Height and BMI showed a strong negative correlation with dental caries.

The present study showed a significant negative correlation between height and dental caries. However, since both caries and height are a dynamic phenomenon, hence a longitudinal study exploring the possible relationship should be considered.

Soil–transmitted helminth infections constitute a public health problem in the rural areas of tropical and subtropical regions, including Thailand. We aimed to determine the prevalence of soil–transmitted helminth infections and underlying risk factors among the schoolchildren living in the rural areas of southern Thailand.

A cross–sectional survey was conducted between Sep and Nov 2018 in the district of Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. A total of 192 children, aged 6–12 yr were enrolled. Each child provided a single stool sample that was subjected to a suite of microscopic diagnoses for soil–transmitted helminth. A questionnaire was administered to determine risk factors of the infections. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate associations.

The overall prevalence of soil–transmitted helminth infections was 3.13%; Strongyloides stercoralis 2.08%; hookworm 1.04% and Trichuris trichiura 0.52%. Children who cutting fingernails short can prevent soil–transmitted helminth infections highly up to 90% (crude OR = 0.1; 95% confidence interval = 0 – 0.8; P = 0.020).

The finding of the study shows a sharp decrease in the prevalence of soil–transmitted helminth among schoolchildren in the southern Thailand in the past two decades with prevalence dropping below 5% for soil–transmitted helminth. However, the prevalence of S. stercoralis remained stable over time. These results suggest that the culture method should be used to access strongyloidiasis situation in the older age group who greater contact with soil for agriculturists.

Parental factors, including social and anthropometric factors, play a vital role in children longterm nutritional status. The objective of this study was to investigate correlations between parental factors and nutritional status of the schoolchildren in a rural setting of Indonesia.
This cross-sectional study was carried out during May 2018. Totally, 146 schoolchildren from ten primary public schools in Sepatan Timur, Tangerang, Indonesia, were involved in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data (educational level, employment status and number of children) and estimated anthropometric measures (body weight and height). Digital weighing scales and standard microtoises were used to measure children weight and height, respectively. Anthropometric indices, height for age (HAZ) and body mass index for age (BAZ) Z-scores were calculated using WHO AntroPlus. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used in the study.
Nearly 19.2, 11.6 and 16.4% of the schoolchildren were stunting, wasted and overweight, respectively. Maternal nutrition status were significantly associated with schoolchildren HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.367 [0.009–0.724]) and BAZ (β 95% CI = 0.926 [0.428–1.423]) scores. The BAZ scores of the children were inversely associated with maternal education levels (β 95% CI = -1.206 [-2.000; -0.441]). Paternal nutrition status were significantly associated with children HAZ (β 95% CI  = 0.419 [0.075; 0.762]) scores.
Parental anthropometric measure and educational status significantly contribute to development of schoolchildren nutritional status in the rural setting.

The burden and pattern of unintentional child injuries in Yemen are not yet studied. This study aimed to determine the rate of unintentional injuries and their associated factors and describe the pattern of these injuries among schoolchildren in Sanaa city, Yemen.
A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among students in grades 9 –12 in Sana’a Capital City. A total of 10 schools were selected using multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.
A total of 1140 students (558 girls and 582 boys) participated in the study. Of all students, 550 (48.2%) students reported unintentional injuries during the last 12-months. In the multivariate analysis, boys were more likely to be injured compared to girls (OR = 1.6) and being a child of divorced or widowed parents was significantly associated with increased odds of injury (OR = 1.7). Age of the household head ≤ 45 years was associated with deceased odds of injuries (OR = 0.76). Fall was the leading cause of injury. More than half of girls (58.9%) and 30.9% of boys were injured at home. About two thirds (64.9%) of injuries affected the lower or upper extremities. One quarter of students (24.5%) received care for their injuries in outpatient clinics and 15.3% were hospitalized because of the injury. About 26.0% of injured students missed schools for one week or more. The vast majority of students (98.4%) recovered the injury while 1.6% of injuries resulted in disability.
Schoolchildren in Yemen had a high rate of unintentional injuries being higher in boys and in children of divorced or widowed parents. These injuries should be recognized as a public health problem in Yemen and should be included in the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health agenda. The reported injury mechanisms and activities posing injury risks should have implications for future interventions and awareness programs