جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « oral » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between oral and dental health literacy of mothers and the oral and dental health status of their children.

This analytical study was conducted in 2023. The sample size was 167 mothers with 6-12-year-old children who referred to comprehensive health service centers of Shahrekord. Sampling was done in a simple random way. Data collection was done by using the standard oral and dental health literacy questionnaire of adults and oral and dental examination of children. The data collected after coding was analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests.

The mean age of mothers participating in this study was 37.23 ± 4.99 years. The distribution of the mean score and SD of oral and dental health literacy of mothers was 66.65±15.19 and the distribution of the mean score of the number of decayed, filled and missing teeth was 2.38±1.58. There was an inverse and significant relationship between the total oral and dental health literacy score of mothers and the average number of decayed, filled and missing teeth (p=0.026 r=-0.025).. Also, there was an inverse and significant relationship between oral and dental health literacy of mothers with the number of decayed teeth (p=0.025 r=-0.032) and missing teeth (p=0.045 r=-0.045), but it did not show a significant relationship with filled teeth (p=0.229).

It is necessary to improve the oral health literacy of mothers and take care of their children's teeth, training should be planned according to the education.

  Diabetes may increase the incidence of tooth decay due to dry mouth and high blood sugar levels. Identifying the factors influencing oral health behaviours in diabetic patients is thus an essential step toward promoting oral and dental health. As a result, this study aimed to predict oral health in people with diabetes and compare them to healthy people.

The available sampling method was used to conduct this study from  2021 to 2022. The study group consisted of 261 persons (men and women), 131 of whom were healthy and 130 of whom were unhealthy (diabetic), and information was gathered through a questionnaire, medical records, and an examination. These people looked at six variables: age, gender, decayed teeth, extracted teeth, filled teeth, and oral health index. Using the Spss Modeler program, two decision tree methods and a support vector machine and spss Modeler soft ware were used.

The most important findings of decision tree analysis are 1- If the person's age is less than or equal to 37 years, then the person is 100% healthy. 2- If the age is over 37 years and the number of decayed teeth is less than the average of 7, and we do not have any extracted teeth, there is an 82% chance of diabetes. If the age is over 37 and the number of decayed teeth is less than the average of 7, and the number of extracted teeth is more than 1, then people under the age of 49 with an OHI index greater than 0.9 are 100% diabetic. Also, the total accuracy of the linear support vector machine is 70.73%, which indicates that decayed teeth with the least amount of weight have little effect on diabetes or health.

 Decision tree algorithms and support vector machines could predict oral and dental health in diabetic patients.

An increase in the use of oral and dental health services and routine examinations can lead to better health and improve health equity indicators. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the utilization of oral and dental health services in the households of Ahvaz in 2022.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study in which 715 households including 2680 people living in the city of Ahvaz were studied by using the stratified-cluster sampling method. The collection of the required data was performed through a questionnaire, and the logistic model and Stata software were used to analyze the data and estimate the elasticity of the influencing factors.

According to the results of this study, the utilization rate of oral and dental health services is 80.55%, and the odd ratio of the utilization of these services is 0.26% less for women compared to men, which is a statistically significant result. People with tertiary education also have a 1.83 times higher chance compared to other people to receive the services, which is statistically significant. People with income but without work have a 0.29 lower chance of receiving these services compared with unemployed people, although this result is not significant. Furthermore, people who have private insurance have 5.84 times more chances to receive these services, and this result is completely significant. Also, the individuals who exercise less than 3 times a week have the chance of receiving these services by 1.25 times compared to people who do not exercise at all, which is a significant result.

Based on the results of this study, it can be mentioned that employment and household income status, increased insurance coverage, higher education level, and a healthy lifestyle, including engaging in physical exercise, increase the chance of benefiting from dental services.

Nowadays, implant-based treatment of edentulous areas has gained significant popularity. However, in many patients who have been edentulous for a long time, changing the position of the sinus causes complications during implant placement, which is necessary to solve Many of these cases can be moved to the required extent with different techniques. This study aims to evaluate the mediolateral distance of the maxillary sinus using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

This observational-cross-sectional study of 160 patients who needed CBCT imaging were selected from among those referred to the radiology department of Isfahan Islamic Azad University. A sagittal section of the middle part of each missing tooth was selected to measure the mediolateral sinus distance (sinus width). In the selected sagittal section, the residual ridge height and sinus width were measured at 5, 10- and 15-mm height from the alveolar crest. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Man-Whitney (p value < 0.05).

The average sinus width in women was greater than that in men at the 5 and 15 mm intervals, and in the interval of 10 mm, the sinus width in women was less than that in men. The average residual ridge for women and men was equal to 9.69 and 8.27, respectively, which indicated that the amount of residual ridge was higher in women, but this difference was not significant. The premolar area exhibited the highest remaining ridge height, while the first molar area had the lowest.

As we move from premolars to molars in edentulous areas, the maxillary sinus tends to widen, and also, the less the remaining ridge is, we may encounter the sinus at a lower level.

The purpose of this study is to answer the following PICO question: "What is the risk of bleeding in patients who take oral anticoagulants and undergo oral surgery with or without discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy?" Accordingly, by conducting this systematic review, we aim to determine the risk of bleeding during and after dental surgery in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy, as well as provide guidance that will assist dental professionals in making informed clinical decisions.

In this meta-analysis study, we performed searches for eligible clinical trial studies in the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Unit for Controlled Trials) and Medline (Ovid and EMBASE) from the databases listed with the keywords oral surgery, extradontia and implants. We performed dental implants, the risk of bleeding events and their synonyms, and oral anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists). Analyzes were performed for each anticoagulant and expected outcome. For studies that reported dichotomous outcomes, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval was calculated. Random effects associated with meta-analysis were determined using STATA software (version 10/1).

One to three times higher risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin compared to patients who stopped using anticoagulants during the operation (RR=1.67 and CI: 0.97-2-2.89) and after surgery (RR=1.44 and CI: 0.71-0.2-92) have shown.

There is a risk of bleeding during and after surgery in patients who do not discontinue their anticoagulant medication compared to patients who discontinue their medication during minor oral and dental surgery; however, the findings should be interpreted with caution and new studies on this topic should be initiated.

The present study aimed to determine the oral health status related to the quality of life among patients with beta-thalassemia major in Ahvaz city.

This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on two groups: individuals with beta-thalassemia major and healthy individuals. The case group consisted of 120 patients with beta-thalassemia major who had referred to Shafa Hospital in Ahvaz in 2022, and the control group included 120 healthy individuals who accompanied the patients. Data collection tools included two standard questionnaires on dry mouth and oral health-related quality of life. All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 22, with a significance level of less than 0.05.

There was a significant difference in the mean score of overall oral health-related quality of life and its dimensions between patients with beta-thalassemia major and healthy individuals (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean score of functional limitation between patients with beta-thalassemia major and healthy individuals based on age (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean score of physical disability between patients with beta-thalassemia major and healthy individuals based on age and dry mouth (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean score of disability between patients with beta-thalassemia major and healthy individuals based on gender, education level, tobacco use, and dry mouth (P<0.05).

Appropriate psychological interventions and strategies should be implemented to improve the oral health-related quality of life among patients with beta-thalassemia major.

The treatment of oral and dental diseases is expensive all over the world and these diseases are considered the fourth most expensive diseases. The aim of the present study is analysis of exposure of households to catastrophic expenditures of oral and dental health care in Ahvaz city.

The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 715 households living in Ahvaz city in 2022using multistage sampling. Collecting the data was done through a questionnaire, and logistic model and Stata 17  software were used to analyze the data and estimate the elasticity of influencing factors.

According to the results of the study, the ratio of oral and dental health expenditures to household payment capacity was 59.03 %, and 52.16 % of households faced catastrophic expenditures. Also, supplementary insurances with Odd Ratio (OR) = 1.39, living in the southern region with OR = 1.08, and being in the 2nd income quintile with OR = 1.1 had a strengthening role in facing catastrophic expenditures.

According to the results of this study, in order to reduce the negative effects of oral and dental health expenditures, it seems necessary to modify the financing policies of these services and move towards equity in financing through increasing insurance coverage.

Oral and dental health is crucial to public health. The primary indices used to assess oral and dental health are DMFT and CPITN indices. This study aimed to evaluate the oral and dental health status of 11 to 13-year-old students in Mashhad City and its relationship with their water consumption and other related factors.  This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2021 on 1,232 students. Sampling was done from all hand-dug wells, semi-deep wells, deep wells, and qanats (underground channels) in the Mashhad region in 2021. All drinking water parameters were measured according to the standards outlined in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater." Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The mean DMFT index among Mashhad students was 0.98. The average fluoride content in drinking water was 0.38 milligrams per liter(mg/L), lower than the permissible fluoride level in drinking water. According to the relevant statistical tests, there was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between the DMFT index and daily water consumption, fluoride content in drinking water, and daily flossing. Furthermore, a significant relationship (p<0.05) was found between the CPITN index and toothbrush usage.     Given the significant association between fluoride content in drinking water and daily flossing with the DMFT index, it is essential to maintain fluoride levels in drinking water within the standard range. Moreover, oral health care practices, such as flossing and toothbrushing, should be taught to students.

Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba that can be found in various environments. It is found in ear, nose and pharyngeal mucosa of patients with respiratory problems .This is the most common protozoan found in the environment. The antibodies against Acanthamoeba antigens have been found in the serum of more than 80% of people with complete immunity, which indicates high human contact with this amoeba. Acanthamoeba is the cause of human diseases such as amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis, which is mostly seen in immunocompromised people.Skin wounds and nasopharyngeal infections caused by this amoeba have also been observed, mostly in people with AIDS. Based on rRNA gene sequence determination, Acanthamoeba genus is divided into 12 different genotypes (T1 to T12). Most human Acanthamoeba infections are related to the T4 genotype.Studies have shown that the number of amoebic keratitis is increasing worldwide due to use of contact lenses. Acanthamoeba genotyping is a useful tool for taxonomic and epidemiological studies. It explains the relationships between infectious isolates and the phenotype of the disease. Since different strains show different pathogenic power, determining the strains with high pathogenic power can have more therapeutic importance. More studies to identify pathogenic features and genetic markers are needed to clarify this matter. The present study aims to determine the genotype of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from the oral cavity of people with immunodeficiency.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted for 18 months.
The samples were collected with a sterile swab from pharyngeal or nasal secretions of 179 eligible patients in Golestan and Shafa hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran in 2019. The patients who had immunodeficiency with various underlying diseases including diabetes, AIDS, those who were under treatment with chemotherapy drugs and steroids, as well as dialysis patients were included in the study. In the university laboratory, the swab soaked in secretions was cultured on basic agar medium. Before closing the environment, it was autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121°C and divided into plates under the hood. The plates were fixed with parafilm and kept in refrigerator at 4°C. To detect Acanthamoeba, all samples were cultured separately in a non-nutrient medium (1.5% Bacto agar) along with an old medium of Escherichia coli. Then, bacteria were added to the medium to provide a good source of food for amoeba. The media were incubated at a room temperature and microscopic observation was done on days 2-14 to identify the samples positive for Acanthamoeba. All positive amoebae isolates can be cloned by subculturing method to produce pure culture for extracting pure DNA. Therefore, the existing parasites were transferred to new plates. To determine the genotype of the target sample, after cultivation using the primers presented in Table 1, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2.The primers were diluted. For this purpose, 180 µL of distilled water and 20 µL of primer were added to two micro-tubes named as diluted G₁ and diluted G₂.To determine the genotype of Acanthamoeba isolated from patients, the PCR product was finally determined and the information related to sequencing of the fragment for each sample was compared with the information available in the gene bank, and the genotype of the amoeba was finally determined. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, version 22.

In this study, 110 men and 69 women participated. Most of them (n=48, 26.8%) were at the age group of 60-69 years, and the mean age of participants was 48±1 years. As shown in Table 4, 99 samples were taken from the throat and 80 samples were taken from the nose of patients.Among the samples examined by PCR, 6(3.4%) were positive to Acanthamoeba, collected from the oral (n=4) and nasal (n=2) cavities of patients. Acanthamoeba was identified in the medium by observing star-shaped cysts. The PCR analysis was successfully performed on these samples and the nucleotide sequence was determined for them. All positive samples of T4 genotype were obtained. The PCR analysis was confirmed by observing the 500-bp band on agarose gel (Figure 1).

The prevalence of infection with Acanthamoeba parasite in patients with immunodeficiency is higher. The Acanthamoeba positive samples identified in these people belong to the T4 genotype.