جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "استخوان" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Thermal injury to the bone during drilling action is one of the primary concerns in orthopedic surgery. The temperature and length of time during which bone tissue is exposed to it, causes thermal injury. In this study, the effect of drill head friction on thermal necrosis in goat tibia was investigated histopathologically.    

Five healthy male Iranian goats were selected and 8 holes were made on the body of the tibia using a sharp spiral and split point drill and a medial approach in both hind limbs at 50, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 1000 rpm. To study the effect of cooling agent on reducing the incidence of thermal necrosis in the left hind limb, sterile normal saline was used, but normal saline was not used in the right hind limb. Then, on each of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th days after the operation, one of the animals was humanely slaughtered and the tibia of both limbs was sent to the laboratory for histopathological study.

Pathological results indicated that thermal necrosis was observed in 36 of 40 holes made in the right hind limb, with approximately 90% of the holes made in the left hind limb, while thermal necrosis was observed in 55% of the 40 holes made in the left hind limb. Thermal necrosis was also observed in 60% of the holes made at 250, 300, 350, and 1000 rpm in both limbs.

The results of this study indicate that speeds above 250 rpm/min contributes significantly to thermal necrosis because reducing the time by increasing the force applied to the head will reduce the likelihood of thermal necrosis. Also, using a cooling solution during drilling is one of the effective ways to reduce the incidence of thermal necrosis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) can differentiate into the mesodermal lineage. The use of nanocomposite mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of the bone defect of the rat femur. In this study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups on days 15, 30, and 45. The studied groups include Sham; the defect was left without scaffolding, and the area was closed. HA: The defect was first filled and then closed using hydroxyapatite. Autograft: The defect was filled using pieces of bone from the drilled area and the stem cells (MSCs); that was the same as the control group, but the injection of mesenchymal stem cells was done locally at the time of surgery. In this way, a 5 cm long incision was made in aseptic conditions along the right hind limb on the medial diaphysis of the femur. The periosteum was separated from the diaphysis by a periosteal lifter. A defect with a diameter of 2 mm was created in the femur. Bone samples were fixed, decalcified, and processed for histopathological evaluation on days 30 and 45 to grade lesions and repair rate. The restorative effects of using stem cells were significantly different in all cases compared to other groups. It can be acknowledged that the presence of mesenchymal stem cells positively affects the healing process and shows satisfactory bone strength. Mesenchymal stem cells can be widely used in orthopedic surgery and tissue engineering.

Orthopedic diseases of young animals affect the musculoskeletal system of juveniles, and most of these diseases can be traced to pathological processes (such as diseases, toxins, improper nutrition, trauma) during this period. These diseases related to bones and joints begin and develop during skeletal development after birth, in the first 26 weeks of life. This group of pathological conditions of young dogs and cats, including congenital and neonatal orthopedic diseases, includes diseases that occur in the prenatal period or in the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. During the growth period, the morphology of the joints develops, the bones also mature and reach their length and shape in an adult animal. Orthopedic diseases of young animals are deviations of these regular processes. These diseases are a common problem in dogs and cats, can be painful and are not easily noticeable. These diseases can affect the bones, cartilage and joints of young animals and cause lameness, stiffness and difficulty moving. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for successful outcome in these diseases. Veterinary clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of these diseases, including lameness, joint pain, swelling, and difficulty moving. Diagnostic tests such as radiography and blood tests can help make the diagnosis. According to the type of disease, the treatment options are different and can include drugs, surgery or other interventions and may even be incurable. Prevention is also important in reducing the risk of orthopedic diseases in young dogs and cats, by preventing the mating and sterilization of animals with genetic disorders, it is possible to prevent the next generation from getting genetic diseases. Nutrition, exercise and weight management can also contribute to healthy bone and body growth in young animals. Veterinary course checkups can also help identify potential problems at the right time and prompt interventions and treatment.

Bone fractures in dogs and cats are usually see and we concern with those in the clinic. Usually, fractures occur after a traumatic accident such as being hit by a car or falling from a height, some fractures occur following pathological bone weakening, which is seen with some neoplastic conditions such as osteosarcoma. The main goals of fracture stabilization; Immobilization of broken parts, quick repair of the damaged bone, return of primary mobility, full function and stability to weight bearing of the bruise limb. All internal and external fixation methods that allow significant intersegmental motion under weight bearing are considered flexible fixation. The best important point in the stabilization of fractures is that a possibility of repair, that is, the blood supply to the place is maintained and the fixation is not so tight that it leads to a delay in bone fusion. Open fixation and internal fixation have been used to restore bone anatomy and original mobility and to overcome the limitations encountered when treating fractures with skeletal traction or cast immobilization. The main goal of internal fixation is to achieve rapid and, if possible, full function of the affected limb with rapid rehabilitation of the patient. The selection of the internal fixation method is based on the classification of the fracture, break bone, synchronize injuries, open fracture, and of course the forces that are neutralized by the fixation method. Internal stabilization implants are made of stainless steel and include; There are intramedullary pins, orthopedic wire, plates and screws.

There are different kinds of phytase from different sources used in poultry nutrition.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of addition of 2 sources of 6- phytase to the diet of male broilers in terms of growth performance, Tibia biometric, breacking straight, mineralization, blood biochemical parameters, and carcase yield.

Herein, we recruited 216 1-d-old male Ross broilers and divided them to three experimental groups and six replications for 42 D. The treatment (T) diets included: T1 (without phytase (control)), T2 (supplemented with 500 FTU/kg diet of Aspergillus niger phytase (fungi phytase)), T3 (supplemented with 500 FTU/kg diet of phytase produced by a genetically modified strain of Aspergillus oryzae by doner Citrobacter braakii gene (genetically modified phytase)).

Serum P in the birds supplemented by genetically modified phytase was higher compared with that in the control birds (P<0.05). Additionally, Tibia P in this group was higher than that of birds supplemented by fungi phytase (P<0.05). However, Tibia breaking straight in birds supplemented by genetically modified phytase did not differ significantly with those fed with a diet with fungi phytase. Meanwhile, Tibia breaking straight in birds supplemented by genetically modified phytase was higher than control (P<0.05). Growth performance, Tibia length, diameter, ash, Ca, dry weight, average serum HDL, Triglyserid, Cholesterol, Ca, Alkalin phosphatase, Glucose, Total Protein, and Carcase yeild were not significantly different among any of the treatments.

Supplementation of male broilers diet with genetically modified phytase (500 FTU/kg), without any differences in terms of performance, could increase P of serum, P of Tibia and breacking straight of Tibia compared to supplementation diet with Aspergillus niger phytase.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 200 Ross- 308 broiler chicks in 4 treatments and 5 replicates(with 10 birds in each replicate) in completely randomized design, reared for 42 days. The results showed thatall levels of dicalsium phosphate in diet of broiler chickens had a signifcant difference on daily weight gain andfnal weight compared to control group signifcantly (P>0.05). There was no signifcant difference between testand control groups as feed intake, but FCR was lower in test group signifcantly (P<0.05). In characteristics ofbone, the weight of the bones in test groups was signifcantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).But the other characteristics (bone length, width bone, bone strength, bone ash) were not signifcant. Also, the testgroup had lower intestinal microbial flora signifcantly compared to controls group (P<0.05). Rate of intestinalmicrobial flora in treatments with 0.5 % dicalsium phosphate was less than the others. It can be concluded that thesupplementation of diet with dicalsium phosphate has positive effects on broilers performance.

Pelvic bones injuries may cause lameness in horses. Radiography of pelvic region in horse is usually unsatisfactory due to difficulties and dangers. Meanwhile، advanced radiographic machines are not easily available which result in delay in diagnosis and treatment. In the current study، ultrasonography of the pelvic bones in 5 healthy horses، the approaches، and normal views were evaluated using A 2-5 MHZ convex probe for transcutaneous and 5-10 MHZ rectal probe for transrectal techniques. Ultrasonographic approaches for evaluating different parts of the pelvic region were defined and the bony structures were nominated. Pelvic sonography was indicative by the smooth and strong echo of the bone surface in most parts. Iliac body showed rough surface، Ischial tuber and arch just beneath the tail. The most difficult region for evaluation was coxofemoral joint. The dorsal surface of the joint was assessed by transcutaneous approach. Our findings showed that sonography can provide useful information about possible injuries of the pelvic region. This technique can be recommended for horse peluic evaluation either before pelvic radiography or in the absence of advanced radiographic equipments