جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بیماری های باکتریایی" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

The initial step in the prevention and control of any disease is the epidemiological investigation and evaluation of its health and economic importance .This is considered a reliable starting point for combating the disease. In this regard, the present study investigated the prevalence of parasitic and bacterial diseases in nine cities of Tehran province during the years 2019-2023 and the damages caused by them. This study employed a cross-sectional  design ,and the required data were obtained from the Iran’s  Veterinary Organization and the Agricultural Organization of Tehran province. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to ascertain the variance of the data. Subsequent mean comparisons were made using the post hoc Tukey test, while paired percentages were compared using the x2 non-parametric test. The findings revealed that hydatid cyst had  the highest prevalence in Tehran Province in comparison  to other diseases among slaughtered animals. The prevalence  of infection with the majority of  diseases in cattle was significantly higher than that  in sheep (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the trend of disease contamination over the course of the study period  (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was noted between the cities in terms of the prevalence of contamination with bacterial and parasitic pathogens (P<0.05). The assessment of economic losses resulting from diseases also indicated that in 1398-1402, the main cause of damage was brucellosis among cattle and cyst hidatosis among sheep. The findings of this study provide fundamental data regarding economic losses associated with bacterial and parasitic diseases of cattle and sheep slaughtered in Tehran Province, offering a valuable reference  for relevant organizations and officials.

Antibiotic therapy of bacterial diseases has some side effects including antibiotic resistance. There is need to investigate new and natural antibacterial agents because of various side effects of antibiotics. According to antibacterial effects, essential oils (EOs) are suitable alternatives. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae cause various diseases in human and animals. Also, these three bacteria are major bovine mastitis-causing bacteria. So, this study investigated antibacterial activity of Mentha piperita (peppermint) and Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) essential oils in comparison with lincospectin, gentamicin and amoxicillin/clavulanate antibiotics on these bacteria. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of EOs. Antibacterial effects of the EOs on bacteria were evaluated with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), disk diffusion method, and time- kill assay in tryptic soy broth (TSB). Major components of peppermint EO were carvone (63.02%) and limonene (24.48%), and those of pennyroyal EO were pulegone (48.16%), eucalyptol (14.57%). According to MIC and MBC results, the antibacterial activity of peppermint was the same or higher than lincospectin and pennyroyal effect on Streptococcus agalactiae was higher than lincospectin. The inhibition zone of peppermint and pennyroyal had no significant difference with gentamycin but the effects of two EOs against the other two bacteria were lower than gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Sub-MIC concentrations of oils decreased Escherichia coli count at 24 h. Generally, the essential oil of peppermint and pennyroyal had a significant antibacterial effect and the effect of peppermint was higher than pennyroyal.

There is need to investigate new and natural antibacterial agents because of various side effects of antibiotics. Essential oil of medicinal plants is one of these agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis (sage) and Satureja hortensis (savory) essential oils in comparison with Gentamicin and Amoxicillin / Clavulanate antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli. Chemical compositions of essential oils were determined by GC/MS. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of oils and the inhibition zones of oils and antibiotics were determined using serial broth dilution and disk diffusion method, respectively. The effect of MIC concentrations of oils on growth curve of bacteria were obtained at 0, 6, 10 and 24 hour. Major compositions of sage and savory oils were carvacrol (61.01%), thymol (20.41%) and eucalyptol (32.45%), thymol (28.24%), respectively. According to MIC and MBC results, the most antibacterial activity of sage was against Staphylococcus aureus (0.009% and 0.019%, respectively) and those of savory were against Streptococcus agalactiae (0.078%, 0.156%, respectively). The inhibition zone of oils had no significant difference with antibiotics and antibacterial effect of sage was more than savory. MIC concentrations of oils decreased bacterial count at 24 h. Generally, the essential oil of sage had a stronger antibacterial effect than savory because of more strong antibacterial components (carvacrol and thymol) and Antibacterial effects of two oils had no significant difference with gentamycin and amoxicillin/ clavulanate that show satisfactory antibacterial effect of oils.

The bacterial infection attacks to all of chickens. Poultry is infected with various diseases, including bacterial diseases. The special nature of poultry breeding, which grows in large numbers and in a dense form, makes it impossible to examine the individual situation. Some bacteria live in the air and some in the water or soil, or inside or outside the plants, and inside the body or on the skin of animals and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial diseases such as E. coli, Salmonella enteretedis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter agglomerations, In broiler chickens at different altitudes from sea level, based on the height of two climate zones 136 m for warm zone and 1050 m for cold zone in Ilam province. The Research took effect between March and December the 2015. Diagnosis of diseases was done based on clinical history, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. To analyze the results, SPSS 21 software was used.As a result contributions to identified sanitary problem were made. It was concluded that colisepticaemia in broiler was most prevalent disease and confirmed that the bacterium Escherichia coli is the causative agent.