جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کادمیوم » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Vit C on Ca, P, Fe and Cu in cadmium toxicity in Japanese quail. A total of 60 1-d-old Japanese quail were randomly distributed among 4 dietary treatments with 3 replicate pens per treatment. In group1, chickens were fed on basal diet without added Cd (control group). In group 2, chickens were fed on basal diet with 40 ppm Cd in drinking water. In group3, quails were fed on basal diet + 500 ppm of Vit C; and in group 4 treatment, quails were fed on basal diet + 500 ppm Vit C and 40 ppm Cd in drinking water. Cd was added as cadmium chloride. On day 35, three quails per replicate pen were killed for collection of liver and breast and tight muscle samples. Samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. The results of our study showed that Cd toxicity led to an increase of liver and muscle Cd concentration and decreased levels of Fe, Ca, P and Cu in the body tissues. The results also showed that supplementation of vit C decreased Cd content in the liver and muscles of japanese quails. The present study revealed several correlations between essential and toxic elements, illustrating the importance of the balance between oxidant elements and antioxidants.

Among the environmental pollutants, heavy metals are very dangerous for human health.  The present study aimed to determine the amount of lead and cadmium in the fall of 2017 and spring of 2018 kinds of honey in Lorestan. Sixty honey samples were collected randomly from the central, Kakavand and Kaveh areas of Delfan city of Lorestan. The samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Lead and cadmium were determined in all samples. The maximum levels of lead and cadmium in samples were 32.2 and 0.32 µg/kg respectively.  The mean concentration of lead in spring and autumn honey in the central part was 21.57 ± 2.84 and 28.83 ± 2.47, in Kakavand was 10.8 ± 1.3 and 13.66 ± 1.89 and in Khaveh was 7.72 ± 1.76 and 16.44 ± 1.55 µg/kg respectively. In Khaveh, the amount of lead in the honey sampled during spring was significantly lower than in other areas (p<0.05).  The mean concentration of cadmium in spring and autumn honey in the central part was 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.03, in Kakavand was 0.11 ± 0.014 and 0.18 ± 0.02 and in Khaveh was 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.08 ± 0.01 µg/kg respectively. The amount of cadmium in the spring honey of Khaveh was significantly lower than in other areas (p<0.05). Due to lower levels of lead and cadmium in the spring and autumn samples produced in Delfan city, compared to international standards, it could be concluded that consumption of these honey is safe, in terms of lead and cadmium metals.

Cadmium is a heavy metal harmful to animals and humans. Exposure to it causes inflammation, apoptosis, or necrosis in numerous tissues, including the adrenal.

The present research investigates the effect of cadmium toxicity on the expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Inflammation increases the rate of parenchymal cell death, and fibrosis will only fill the place of dead cells without being able to perform the function of the primary parenchyma.

In this research, cadmium chloride with a concentration of 20 mg/kg was added to the diet of ten mice in two groups of five. On the 30th day of the study, the adrenal glands were quickly sent to the laboratory. The expression of NF-kB/MAPK, hematoxylin, eosin tissue staining, and immunohistochemistry (CD163) were performed.

The inflammation mentioned in others’ research can also be associated with the activation of the nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) pathway. NF-κB gene products initiate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38 pathways. Previous studies indicate that MAPK induces necrosis or apoptosis in tissues. In histopathology, dense and possibly pyknosis nuclei are more common in the cadmium group. The higher expression of the CD163 molecule in the cadmium group reveals the beginning of the fibrosis process after chronic inflammation.

This report provides more basic data to investigate the mechanism of adrenal damage in cadmium poisoning. Cadmium causes the death of cells by affecting the inflammatory pathways. Additionally, the stimulation of the fibrosis process causes greater irreparable damage to the damaged tissue of the adrenal gland.

Today, food safety is one of the most important issues in the world, and food contamination with heavy metals is considered a serious risk for the quality and safety of human and livestock food. Heavy metals are not biodegradable, so they can enter the food chain and contribute to the development of kidney, nervous, and bone diseases as well as cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of lead and cadmium contamination of waste recycling from poultry slaughterhouses in Shiraz city.

For this purpose, 30 samples were collected from 6 poultry slaughterhouses in Shiraz. Acidic digestion of the samples was performed according to AOAC method. Then, the concentration of lead and cadmium was measured according to the furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method. SPSS software was used for statistical processing of the results.

The results showed that according to the Iranian national standard and international standards (Codex), the average concentration of lead (1.15 mg/kg) and cadmium (cadmium <0.25 mg/kg) in the samples of all 6 poultry slaughterhouses in Shiraz city are within the natural range, and none of the studied samples exceeded the limitation.

Considering the harmful effects of heavy metals on animal and human health, continuous monitoring of contamination with these metals in animal waste and animal and poultry feed is recommended.

Goat and sheep milk has received much attention due to the amount of salts, breeding and increase compared to cow's milk, and based on this, it is important to evaluate their quality in terms of chemical consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption of raw milk in goats and sheep to cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometer method in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

In this study, 74 samples of raw goat and sheep milk from Lordegan, Saman, Kiar, Kohrang and Ardel cities were randomly collected and transported to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University for testing. This test was performed according to the AOAC standard. This cadmium was measured based on the furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) method.

The raw amount of cadmium in sheep milk sample was 3.31±1.53 and in goat milk was 2.33±1.23 ng/g. This range is within the normal range. The results of the study showed that raw cadmium in all sheep and goat milk samples was lower than the allowed amount reported by Codex (500 ng/g).

According to the results obtained from the present study, cadmium in sheep and goat milk samples is low and there is a risk of consuming consumables with the sample, but the consumables of sheep and goat milk obtained from industrial areas such as Lordegan are high compared to other areas. So, it is better to avoid in these areas and near busy highways and the aforementioned factories, including petrochemicals.

Environmental pollution by cadmium (Cd) is increasing. The entry of this heavy toxic metal into the food chain is a serious danger to human and animal populations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder (TP) containing 2.96% of total curcuminoides (TCM) in modulating the adverse impacts of Cd in Japanese quail. 180 22-day-old male Japanese quails were randomly divided into six groups for 23 days and fed a basal diet (BD) supplemented with 3 gr/kg TP (containing 88.18 mg of TCM), 5 mg/kg TP (containing 148 mg of TCM), 100 mg/kg Cd, 3 mg/kg TP plus 100 mg/kg Cd, and 5 gr/kg TP and 100 mg/kg Cd. The addition of TP to the Cd-contaminated diet reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-6, improved total antioxidant capacity, increased SOD and CAT activity, as well as decreasing MDA concentration. The TP supplementation significantly (p<0.05) reduced the harmful effects of Cd on body weight loss, relative liver weight gain, and total protein concentration, besides increasing serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP enzymes. The findings of this study suggest that TP may reduce the toxic effects of Cd in Japanese quail by improving antioxidant status and reducing the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The addition of 5 g/kg TP to the Cd-contaminated diet results in more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than 3 g/kg TP.

Today, cow's milk is one of the most important and widely used animal milks fed by humans and a unique source of food for all ages. Contamination of milk with heavy metals such as lead, mercury and cadmium is regarded a risk to human health. Poisoning with lead, mercury and cadmium has adverse effects on human health, which is much more common during childhood. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of investigating lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in raw milk of cattle ranchings located around Jiroft city in 2021.

After selecting 10 cattle ranching randomly around Jiroft city and preparing 10 samples in the laboratory, the acidic digestion of the samples was performed according to AOAC method. Then, the elements concentrations were measured based on Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. SPSS software was used for statistical processing of the results.

The results showed that the mean concentrations of elements for lead, cadmium and mercury were 0.013647, 0.0012520 and 0.002 mg/l, respectively. According to international standards (Codex) and the national standard of Iran, the accumulated mean concentration of lead (ppm 1), cadmium (ppm 0.01) and mercury in the samples was within the permissible range and samples measurement showed that the amount of lead, cadmium and mercury was less than standard and in only one sample, the amount of lead exceeded the standard.

The result of this study showed that the levels of lead, cadmium and mercury in Jiroft are standard and permissible. However, in order to increase the safety and health of the consumers, it is suggested that more monitoring be done on livestock farms and industrial centers adjacent to livestock farms.

Cadmium is a trace metal that chronic exposure to it leads to poisoning in humans and animals. This heavy and toxic metal has deleterious effects on vital organs such as the liver, kidneys and immune system. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of extract and powder of peel of pomegranate on the lipid profile and tissue structure of the kidneys following the experimental cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail. For this purpose, five hundred and ten 7-day-old quail chicks were divided into 10 equal groups. Group 1) and Group 2) were selected as negative control and cadmium control (20 ppm) respectively; Group (3) and Group (4) received 0.1% and 0.2% pomegranate peel extract with 20 ppm of cadmium, Group (5) received 1% pomegranate peel powder with 20 ppm of cadmium; group (6) received 2% pomegranate peel powder along with 20 ppm of cadmium; Group (7) received 0.2% pomegranate peel extract; Group (8) received 0.1% pomegranate peel extract; Group (9) received 1% pomegranate peel powder; Group (10) received 2% pomegranate peel powder. On day 42, blood samples were collected from the brachial vein, and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes. The plasma was isolated from samples and kept at -20°C until lipid profile analysis. The concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the serum of birds in different groups were determined using specific kits (Pars Azmoon -Iran). The low density lipoprotein (LDL) was evaluated using Friedewald equation. Then, the birds were slaughtered and the kidney samples were removed from the abdominal area and transferred to formalin. 5 micrometers sections were prepared and stereological study was performed using a point grid. The statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison tests using 5% level of significance. All results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (S.D). The results showed that the highest number of proximal tubes was in the 1% pomegranate peel powder group which was significantly higher than the positive control group (p

This study was conducted to investigate protective effects of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum peel against Oxidative stress following cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail in a completely randomized design with 4 with 3 replicates (10 birds in each replicate). The treatments were: 1. basal diet, 2. Basal diet + 50ppm cadmium (through drinking water), 3. Basal diet + ethanolic extract pomegranate peel 0.2%+50 ppm Cadmium (through drinking water), and 4. Basal diet + ethanolic extract pomegranate peel 0.2%+50 ppm Cadmium (through drinking water). At the end of the experiment, the level of cadmium in the muscles, Serum biochemical and growth factors weekly and intestinal morphology were measured by ICP-OES, auto-analyzer and by histology, respecity. The accumulation of cadmium in the muscles of the various groups showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the group receiving the ethanolic extract pomegranate peel 0.2%. There was no significant difference in AST, glucose, cholesterol, total protein between different treatments (P>0.05). Serum ALT levels were significantly lower in the group receiving 0.1% alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel compared to the cadmium group (P<0.05). Serum urea levels in the recipient groups of ethanolic extract was significantly lower than cadmium group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth factors (P>0.05) among different groups. In groups receiving extract, a significant increase in height and width of villous was observed (P<0.05). Punica granatum peel extract an additive in quail diet can reduce cadmium accumulation, protect against side effects of cadmium, and improve the performance of Japanese quail.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a widespread weed. Purslane has been used in folk medicine in many countries as a diuretic, febrifuge, antiseptic, antispasmodic. The present study was performed to assess the possible protective roles of purslane ethanolic extract on cadmium-induced testicular damage in adult Wistar rats. The 60 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: normal control, purslane extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), testicular damage control rats (cadmium chloride 3 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), purslane extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), together with cadmium chloride. After 28 days of treatment, the animals sacrificed and the testes were removed. Antioxidant enzyme status and lipid peroxidation levels in testicular tissue were determined. Our results showed that cadmium chloride significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, whereas increased malondialdehyde levels in testis. Administration of purslane extract significantly increased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, whereas decreased malondialdehyde levels in testis. Our study demonstrated that purslane extract proffers a measure of protection against cadmium-induced antioxidant enzymes in rats.

Environmental pollution and occupational exposure to toxic metals, such as mercury, cadmium and lead, causes chronic and malignant diseases with significant complications in the majority of body tissues. Increased production of free radicals and reduced antioxidant activity is considered as the main factor for the incidence of lesions resulting from cadmium poisoning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clove essential oil and vitamin C on growth performance, intestinal villi morphology and immune response to Newcastle live vaccine of Japanese quails challenged with cadmium. A total of 240 one-day old quails were divided into 8 groups with 30 quails in each group (3 replicates with 10 birds). Groups 1 and 8 received basal diet; groups 2 and 7 basal diet + 500 ppm vitamin C in the diet; groups 3 and 5 received basal diet + 150 mg/kg of the diet clove essential oil; and groups 4 and 6 received basal diet + 450 mg/kg of the diet clove essential oil. Cadmium chloride (40 ppm) was added to the drinking water of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 during the experimental period (days 7-35). On day 21, 9 blood samples were collected from each group and segments of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 9 quails from each group were isolated and sampled on day 35. The results indicated that groups 6 and 7 had significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight, villi dimensions and absorptive surface than the control group. Also groups 2, 4 and 8 had a significant increase of the intestinal villi dimensions and absorptive surface in different segments of the intestine compared to group 1 (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that adding vitamin C and clove essential oil to the diet of Japanese quails had positive effects on growth parameters and intestinal villi absorptive surface and also alleviated the negative effects of cadmium on body weight and intestinal villi absorptive surface in these birds.

Honey is the nectar of living flowers which produced by honey bees (Apis mellifera). Honey could be used as an environmental pollution indicator and because of developing and industrialization of cities, levels of three metal elements were investigated in five regions of Chahar-mahale-Bakhtiary Province.
The amounts of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury for 75 honey samples were analyzed by potentiometric analyses. According to the results, mercury was not detected in all samples. Cadmium level was determined significantly higher (P

Cadmium is a wide-spread heavy metal that causes a wide range of health problems in animals and humans. Many reports showed the biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of probiotics bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans against cadmium adsorption in rats. Twenty four male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Cadmium treated groups received 1 ml of 100 µg/ml CdCl2 and probiotics groups were administrated 1 ml of (109 CFU/ml) of probiotics during 24 days by special gavage needle once daily. Levels of cadmium were determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Probiotics B. coagulans and L. plantarum caused 29.8% and 19.3% increasing in removal of cadmium through defecation and decreased 10.9 and 21.5 % of cadmium accumulation in kidney of Wistar rats. The results showed that oral administration of both probiotics offered a significant protective effect against cadmium adsorption in rats.

This study was carried out to investigate the accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with municipal sewage sludge of Qods town’s treatment plant, Tehran. For this purpose, after soil preparation, sampling of sewage sludge and assessment of the physicochemical properties of the samples, leek and peppermint plants were divided as treatment and control groups. Afterwards, using ICP-OES the concentrations of Pb and Cd were determined in the tissues of peppermint and leek. Results showed that the concentration (mean ± SD) of Pb in the control and treatment groups was 0.26±0.08 and 0.55±0.16 mg/kg, respectively. Pb concentration in peppermint samples was estimated as 0.26±0.06 and 2.41±0.79 mg/kg for control and treatment group, respectively. Moreover, the mean concentration of Cd in control and treatment groups of leek was 0.083±0.003 and 0.26±0.05 mg/kg and for peppermint 0.057±0.002 and 0.14±0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Comparative evaluation of the evaluated treatments showed that except for Cd in leek and peppermint treatment samples, the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in both vegetables were significantly lower than EPA permissible limits for human consumption. The results of this study indicated that for reducing the health risks of long-term use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, further monitoring should be performed.

The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of Cadmium (Cd) and its weekly intake among imported rice and the rice samples cultivated in Isfahan and Borojerd in 2011. For this reason, a total of 30 Indian imported rice samples together with 5 Iranian rice specimens were obtained from Hamedan and Tehran retails. The samples were subjected to acid digestion and afterwards the Cd concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. According to the results the mean ± SD values of Cd concentrations in imported and Iranian rice samples were determined as 107.60 ± 19.54 and 44.760 ± 12.55 µg/kg dry weight, respectively. Moreover, comparison of the mean concentrations of Cd in recent study with FAO/WHO permissible limits revealed that the Cd concentrations were below the approved limit. Data suggested that weekly intake of Cd through the consumption of imported and Iranian rice samples was 2.07 and 0.86 µg/kg body weight, respectively which was below the WHO/FAO limit. Based on the results of this study, both imported and Iranian rice do not pose a Cd-related health problem for the consumers. However, long-term accumulation of Cd in critical tissues could have health consequences.

Useful effects of black tea in treatment of many diseases have been shown . the protective effects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipid oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of black Iranian tea on cadmium(cd)-induced hepatotoxicity .For this purpose 30 male wistar rats were randomly divided to six study groups including 1-negative control, 2-treatment control (received 10% black tea brewed drink (BTBD)),3-positive control which received cd(5 mg/kg body weight (bw.)/day) and 4 to 6-treatment groups in which BTBD was administered orally (2,5 and 10%) with oral cd(5mg/kg bw./day). The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and blood samples were collected to assess liver biomarkers. liver samples were fixed in buffered formalin solution . They were then conventionally embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxilin - Eosin for pathology studies as well. In positive control group, activities of alanine transaminas (ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in compare with negative control group. Granular degeneration, chromatin and nucleus concentration and necrosis were evidenced in pathological study of the liver sections of this group. On the other hand, 5 and 10% BTBD administration significantly prevented ALT,AST and ALP increasing activity. Pathological study confirmed the latter serological results. Whereas, 2% BTBD administration didnt have any significant protection. in conclusion, our results suggest that daily black tea drinking may prevent cd-induced hepatic lesions.

Contamination of dairy products with heavy metals, lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in particular, induces their toxic effects on humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the contamination levels of Pb and Cd levels in milk powders produced in Tehran area. In this study, a total of 25 samples of milk powder was obtained from four different dairy establishments. The samples were digested and extracted prior to analysis. Pb and Cd concentrations was determined using atomic absorption method with graphite furnace. The results were showed a mean value 57.36 ppb (18.99 to112.90 ppb) for Pb and 14.11 ppb (5.73 to 39.43 ppb) for Cd. According to Codex Alimentarius, approved levels for Pb and Cd in milk are 1000 and 100 ppb, respectively. Based on results, Pb level was less than standard limit in all samples, whereas Cd concentration in 68% of the samples was estimated higher than the standard limit. Since the percentage of Cd-contaminated samples was high, there is a necessity for frequent monitoring of the contamination levels in dairy products as well as to discover the potential contamination sources.