جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "lamb" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Foot-and-mouth disease produces high mortality in lambs, and the cause of their death is often myocardial injury. ELISA test and molecular methods are among the routine methods for diagnosis of infected animals. Although these methods are very efficient, they are usually expensive and time-consuming. This study was designed to evaluate cardiac biomarkers and their relationship with the severity of histopathologic lesions. 25 diseased lambs that were diagnosed based on ELISA test were selected as the disease group and 25 healthy lambs were used as the control. To determine cardiac biomarkers, blood was collected from infected and healthy animals. After necropsy of the affected lambs, samples of the heart tissue were taken to histopathological studies. The main histopathologic findings were hyaline degeneration, necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, muscular atrophy, vasculitis and congestion. Mean troponin I, myoglobin and ROS concentrations and CK and LDH activities were significantly higher in FMD cases compared with controls (p<0.05). The rate of increase in cardiac biomarkers was directly related to the extent and severity of pathologic lesions. These results showed that the increase in the serum level of these biomarkers can potentially provide comprehensive evidence about cardiac lesions in animals with FMD. The increase in cardiac biomarkers, particularly troponin I, was directly related to the severity pathological lesions. It seems that the assay of troponin has high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of cardiac lesions, and together with taking the history of the flock, clinical examinations and necropsy symptoms can help in diagnosing the disease.

The set of non-specific antioxidant activities is called Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). The aim was to determine the serum TAC level following selenium and Vit.E supplementation in lambs. Thirty two male Macuei lambs under 2 months of age and average weight of 10 kg were selected. Lambs were classified into 8 groups including control, Vit.E, Se nanoparticles (NanoSe), Oral sodium selenite (NaSe), NaSe Injection, NanoSe/Vit.E, Oral NaSe/Vit.E and Se/Vit.E (E/Se) injection and studied for 90 days. Lambs were bled 6 times around 5 ml at days 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 and sera were used to assess TAC consentration. In all, the lowest TACs in lambs was observed in the NanoSe group (1.17 μmol/l) and the highest was in the injected E/Se group (1.32 μmol/l) on day 60, but the differences among 8 groups during the 90 days were not significant. During the 90 days of investigation the most stable and lowest changes in TAC concentration was observed in the Vit.E group and the most unstable changes were revealed in the NanoSe and injected NanoSe/Vit.E groups. The mean TAC concentrations on days 14 and 60 were significant among groups, which was mainly predominant in the injected sodium selenite and injected selenium/vitamin E groups, respectively. Comparison of TAC concentration among sampling times revealed the difference in NanoSe and NanoSe/vitamin E in which the lowest concentration belonged to NanoSe. The results of the interaction effect of sampling time and groups on TAC concentration showed a significant time difference, especially on days 14 and 60, with no significant difference between groups. TAC concentration in the first day was correlated with day 60 in the control group, day 7 and 14 in NanoSe/Vit.E, group and day 60 in injected E/Se. In conclusion, selenium and Vit.E supplements had no effect on TAC levels, whereas TAC levels were time-dependent. Therefore, the activity of nonspecific antioxidants (TACs) is not affected by specific antioxidants such as selenium and Vit.E and changes over time.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Artemisia leaves on yield, hematological parameters and worm infestation. For this purpose, 20  female Kurdish lambs with average weight of 30±5 kg and 5-6 months old were used in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 10 replicates for 30 days. Treatments were: 1- control (diet without artemisia), 2- basal diet + 20 g of artemisia, where artemisia was mixed with basal diet and given to the lambs of this group. In order to determine the effect of Artemisia leaves on hematological parameters and worm infestation, blood sampling and fecal sampling were performed on days zero, 15 and 30, respectively. The number of white blood cells on day 0 was the highest in the control treatment (P <0.05). The percentage of lymphocytes on the 15th day was significantly affected by the treatments and increased with the addition of artemisinin leaves (P <0.05). Also, with the addition of artemisinin leaves, the mean number of phagocytic masses on the 30th day increased significantly (P <0.05). On day 0, parasitic infection was highest in the control group (P <0.05) and with the addition of artemisinin leaves, worm parasites decreased numerically on the 15th and 30th days but were not significant. In general, the results showed that the addition of artemisinin increased the percentage of lymphocytes and the average number of phagocytic mass and was effective in reducing worm infection in the studied periods.

Hydrocephalus is a nervous system disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure and head enlargement. Increased intracranial pressure is a direct consequence of fluid accumulation in the ventricular system. This condition can affect almost all animal species, including domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, and cats.A lamb that was born by caesarean section and had hydrocephalus abnormality was evaluated biometrically and anatomically after dying in the dissection hall of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, as well as cerebrospinal fluid culture was evaluated in the department of microbiology and mycology.The results of this study showed that this abnormality did not have a bacterial or fungal cause, so it is very likely that it can be caused by the issue of nutrition and contamination in the feeding of the mother sheep, or a lack of micronutrients, or a viral factor.Cognitive and physical defects can occur as a result of hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of hydrocephalus is unclear. While the circulation theory is widely accepted as a hypothesis for the development of hydrocephalus, there is a lack of sufficient proof in clinical situations and in experimental settings. However, there is increasing evidence that osmotic gradients are responsible for the water content of brain ventricles, similar to their presence in other water-permeable organs in the body. Therefore, brain disorders that result in excess macromolecules in the ventricular CSF alter the osmotic gradient and lead to hydrocephalus.

Investigation of cryptosporidiosis in lambs in Gonabad city, Khorasan Razavi provinceSummary Cryptosporidium is an enteric zoonotic protozoan that causes cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals. To investigate the infection of lambs in Gonabad city (located in the southeast of Khorasan Razavi province) with Cryptosporidium, fecal samples were collected from the rectum of 138 lambs of 5 to 60 days old from some sheep herds in different villages of this city. Stool samples were mixed with potassium bichromate 2.5% and transported in a cool box to the to the laboratory. Age, sex, breed, rectal temperature, presence of other animal species and herd size were recorded. Fecal smear was prepared and stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Results showed that 19 samples out of 138 were positive (13.8%). There was no statistically significant difference between the protozoan infection with age, sex, fecal consistency, body temperature, breed and herd density (P>0.05).This study showed that the prevalence and intensity of Cryptosporidium infection in Gonabad city is significant, so this parasite should be considered a potential threat to the livestock economy and human health.

The purpose of this project is to investigate the genetic resistance of Ghezel and Ghezel-Romanov lamb to gastrointestinal parasites in East Azerbaijan province. For this study, were used 10 male and female Ghezel lambs and 10 male and female Ghezel-Romanov lambs. The anti parasitic drug was administered on day of the test and then 2 weeks later. The studied traits included: Famacha test, hematocrit test, fecal score and number of nematode eggs per gram of feces. Data were analyzed using SAS software in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the Famacha test was significant in male and female Ghezel and Ghezel-Romanov mixed breeds (p<0.05). number of nematode eggs in male and female Ghezel-Romanov lambs had a significant decrease compared to Ghezel lambs (p<0.05). number of parasite eggs in Ghezel-Romanov lambs was lower than Ghezel breed, in which male Ghezel-Romanov lambs had the lowest number of parasite eggs (16.2) (p<0.05). Crossbreeding of Ghezel and Romanov increases the relative resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in terms of traits measured in this study.

In March 2020, three 5-15 day old mixed breed lambs were referred to the University of Tehran Veterinary Hospital. The farmer complained of 20% mortality rate (42 heads) in 4-17 day old lambs of his flock that they were exclusively breastfed. In observation and clinical examination, recumbency, depression, weakness, 40 ° C temperature ,abomasal dilation with fluid, tachypnea, tachycardia and hyperemia of the mucosa were recorded. After clinical examination, the lambs were examined by hematology and then necropsied under sterile conditions. In hematologic examination, normocytic-normochromic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, left shift, the presence of schistocytes, keratocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes were observed. In necropsy, there were abomasal petechiae hemorrhages, coffee grain-like blood masses in the contents of the abomasum and pale kidneys. The direct gram smear from the abomasum had a large number of positive gram rods. All organs were subjected to aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures. Clostridium perfringens type A and non-pathogenic E coli were isolated from the abomasum and intestine of patients. The highest antibiotic susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens A isolate was to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone antibiotics. This study showed that Clostridium perfringens A may be involved in the pathogenesis of abomasitis in lambs. . . . . . .

This study was conducted to investigate the hematological and biochemical changes caused of Eimeria ahsata during to 42 days of post-infaction. Twelve Lori-Bakhtiari lambs were provided and randomly divided into the Two groups after confirmation of their healthy. The animals in the experiment group were orally infected with 1× 10 5 sporulated oocysts Eimeria ahsata. From day 7 post-infection, the faeces were sampled separately on a daily basis and the number of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) were counted by McMaster method and were recorded for each lamb. The blood sampling recording was done on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 post-infection. The blood samples containing EDTA were examined for hematological and sample without EDTA, after centrifugation and isolation of serum, were examined for analysis of the biochemical parameters. The serum levels of ALB (Albumin), ALP (alkalin phosphatase), ALT (alamin aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (gamma glutamyltransferase), PRO (protein total) and CBC (Cell Blood Counter) were measured. the highest rate of oocyst excretion was observed in 32-33 days after infection. The CBC findings indicated that the mean number of lymphocytes and neutrophils were increased in the infected group compared to the control group on day 28 post-infection and The activity of ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, GGT enzymes as well as PRO showed no significant different between two groups Based on the results of the present study. Amongst the hematological, biochemical factors and OPG and CBC only showed significant difference between the control and the infected groups.

The defects of the central nervous system caused by viruses are associated with tissue changes in certain areas of this system.

We conducted the current work to determine and categorize the pathologic pattern of central nervous system lesions in stillbirths and newborns small ruminants with neurological symptoms in Semnan province.

Primarily, we selected the affected animals and carried out systematic post mortem examination of lambs and kids. Subsequently, brain and spinal cords were completely removed. Processing, sectioning, and staining from different regions of the central nervous system was performed and 15 different regions of the brain and 10 different levels of the spinal cord were prepared. Subsequently, the histopathological study was performed and the observed lesions were arranged.

This study was performed on 20 lambs and kids with nonsuppurative inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord. In the gross examination of the brain and spinal cord, we observed 4 cases of arthrogryposis, 1 case of spinal cord hypoplasia, 2 cases of hydranencephaly, 2 cases of porencephaly, and 1 case of cerebellar hypoplasia. According to the presence of nonsuppurative inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, 20 positive cases were categorized into 4 groups. In the first 3 groups, the main lesion was nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and the main lesion of the fourth group was nonsuppurative encephalitis. Accordingly, 6 cases in the first group had extensive and inclusive nonsuppurative inflammation in over 75%  of the brain and spinal cord sections; in the second group, five cases had multiple scattered nonsuppurative inflammation in 50% - 75% of the brain and spinal cord sections; in the third group, five cases had non-inclusive and focal nonsuppurative inflammation in less than 50% of the brain and spinal cord sections, and in the fourth group, 4 cases had nonsuppurative inflammation in the brain without lesion in the spinal cord.

It seemed as though in each of the four pathological patterns, certain viral agents were responsible for the pathological changes.

Small ruminants are one of the main sources of income for rural farmers. Nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting income sustainability in this industry.  This study was designed to investigate the effects of different level of Bio-Rumina as a probiotic supplement on performance, growth and blood metabolites of Farahani lambs. Lambs were divided into three groups including: Group 1: control (no supplementation ), treatment 1: one gram of Bio-Rumina supplementation (low level), treatment 2: two gram of Bio-Rumina supplementation (high level).The results of this study showed that high level of Bio-Rumina supplementation had negative effects on serum concentration of liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase) and glucose. These effects were similar to Hormesis (biphasic) effects  which lambs receiving Bio-Rumina in high level had lower average daily gain, final body weight and feed efficiency compared with other groups. However, low level of Bio-Rumina supplementation had  positive effects on the final body weight of the lambs. In general, Bio-Rumina supplementation in low level could improve performance and final body weight in Farahani lambs.

Transfer of immunoglobulin from mother to baby through placenta or colostrum is called passive transfer (PT). The ruminant placenta is a syndesmochorial type and is a barrier against the transfer of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood to the infant. Therefore, in ruminants, the inability to transmit colostrum immunoglobulins is called Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT). This study aimed to determine the percentage of FPT in lambs and kids in Garmsar County and the effect of factors such as race, gender, mother's age, mother's parturition and type of livestock (lamb or kid) on FPT. This study was performed on 101 healthy 2-4 day-old lamb and kid in 10 herds of sheep and goats in Garmsar County. After examination, confirmation of clinical health, sex, age, race, birthday time, number of mothers, parturition, maternal age and newborn weight, 3 ml of sterile blood was obtained from the jugular vein. These samples were immediately referred to the lab in without anticoagulant tube and adjacent to the ice. The biuret method and Zn-sulfate turbidity test were determined on the level of total protein and immunoglobulin G serum. The results of this study revealed 50/50% occurrence of FPT in the lambs and kids understudy, the relationship between race and sex with the incidence of FPT, and the lack of relation between maternal age, mother's parturition and type of livestock with the incidence of FPT.

Abomasal hypomotility plays an important role in pathogenesis of some abomasal disorders such as abomasal bloat which has the same serious side effects associated with using synthetic drugs for its treatment, such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance. To decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine is a good way.

To determine the effect of oral administration of turmeric aqueous extract on rate of abomasal emptying rate in neonatal lambs.

This study was conducted on twelve five-day-old Sangsari-female-lambs (average weight 3 kg). All lambs received five oral treatments, including saline (30 ml), erythromycin (400 mg), turmeric 200 mg/kg, turmeric 250 mg/kg, and turmeric 300 mg/kg, respectively. At 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after each treatment, plasma samples of lambs were taken. The rate of abomasal emptying was determined with acetaminophen absorption test.

Treatment with erythromycin and three different doses of aqueous extract of turmeric (200, 250, 300 mg/kg) increased the rate of abomasal emptying in comparison to the negative control treatment, significantly (P<0.05). The stimulatory effect of erythromycin on abomasal emptying was higher than aquatic extract of turmeric, significantly (P<0.05). No clinical side effects were observed following the administration of erythromycin and turmeric in lambs.

This study showed that aqueous extract of turmeric has a stimulatory effect on lamb's abomasal emptying but more studies are needed on the effect of this plant’s components on abomasal emptying.

Selenium play a crucial role in the formation of selenoprotein, hormones and intrinsic factors. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme (SCD) is present in many tissues of the body and its activity leads to the formation of a single-stranded fatty acid from saturated fatty acids. Present study was carried out on fat tail weaning male lambs to evaluate the effect of oral selenium nanoparticles administration on transcription rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme. For this purpose, 14 male lambs were selected at weaning time and divided into three groups: treatment 1 (5 heads), treatment 2 (5 heads) and control (4 heads). Selenium nanoparticles were administered for 20 consecutive days at a dose of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg B.W. to treatment groups 1 and 2, respectively and distilled water to the control ones. Tail fat tissue samples were collected at days 0, 20 and 30 via core biopsy needle gauge 14. Transcription rate of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme gene was performed by RT-PCR method and data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA test at the level of p