جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گوشت مرغ » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Chicken meat, as one of the most important sources of protein in the world, shows a high rate of contamination with Escherichia coli, which can widely spread antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance to colistin and aminoglycosides in E. coli isolated from broilers. In this study, during 2021, a total of 122 E. coli isolates were collected from the heart and liver of 20- to 45-day-old chickens with clinical signs of colibacillosis. Aminoglycosides and colistin resistant strains were identified by disk diffusion and MIC determination, respectively. Subsequently, the presence of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, aph (3′)-IIa, aac (3) -IIa and ant (3″)-Ia genes in the isolates was analyzed by PCR. Out of 122 isolates, 35 isolates (28.68%) were resistant to neomycin sulfate and 1 isolate (0.82%) was resistant to gentamicin. All isolates were sensitive to amikacin, tobramycin and streptomycin and 5 isolates (4.10%) were resistant to the colistin. In the detection of mcr genes by PCR method, none of the studied genes were identified, but aph (3′) -IIa, aac (3) -IIa and ant (3″)-Ia genes were detected in 25.41%, 23.77% and 36.88% of isolates respectively. The results of this study indicate a decrease in the sensitivity of poultry isolated E. coli to aminoglycosides and colistin. The spread of such resistant isolates is a serious warning about the reduction in treatment choices of colibacillosis and indicates the risk of transmission of resistance genes to the human microbial flora.

Meat is one of society's most important nutritional needs, the price of which is higher than other food groups. In recent years, the use of meat products has increased due to human lifestyle changes. Fraud in meat products occurs for various reasons, including the economic value of meat. Therefore, it is crucial to use fast and accurate methods of identifying these frauds.

The purpose of this study is to determine the unauthorized tissue by a histological method as well as to determine the unauthorized species used in meat products of factories in Hamadan province.

In the summer of 2021, fifty samples were collected from active production units of the Hamedan province that were available in the Hamadan city market and transferred to the laboratory for histological laboratory and animal species determination by PCR test. For the histology test based on the national standard 6103, the samples were subjected to fixation, passage (dehydration, clearing, impregnation with molten paraffin), blocking, sectioning, and H&E staining. PCR method was used to determine the type of animal species used in the production of the collected samples.

The results confirmed the presence of unauthorized tissues, including bone, cartilage (articular and respiratory cartilage), skin, and glandular organ in meat products. Also, PCR test results showed that chicken meat was found in 100% of the samples labeled with beef.

The presence of illegal tissue and the use of chicken meat in products labeled as beef meat is evident in the sausages produced in Hamadan province.

Bacteriocins produced by bacteria have antimicrobial properties and are used to preserve food. In recent studies, special attention has been paid to these bacteria in order to use them as food preservatives. In this study, 100 chicken meat samples were analyzed after bacterial isolation and definitive diagnosis in the presence of specific primers related to enterocin genes. The gene related to enterocin A was in 17 isolates (32.07%), the gene related to enterocin P was in 16 isolates (30.18%), the gene related to enterocin As-48 was in 11 isolates (21%). The simultaneous presence of several genes with each other was observed in 10 isolates (18.86%), so that the gene related to enterocins A and P in 3 isolates (9.43%), enterocins A and As48 in 2 isolates (3.77%). The gene related to enterocins A, P and As48 was observed in 3 isolates (5.66%). Considering the presence of a relatively large number of enterocin genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates isolated from chicken meat, conducting research to investigate the antimicrobial properties of enterocins produced by this bacterium seems necessary.

This study investigated Salmonella contamination in food of animal origin in different cities of Khuzestan province, Iran. This study was conducted for 6 months a year in slaughterhouses in various cities in Khuzestan province. Sixty-five samples, including red meat, chicken, and shrimp, were sampled and tested. A total bacterial count, identification, and confirmation of Salmonella infection were performed using microbial tests and general and specific culture media. The highest average bacterial load was related to chicken wings in Behbahan city and was higher than the standard. Also, the highest rate of Salmonella infection in fresh chicken in Khorramshahr city and beef (frozen) in Ramshir city was higher than the standard. No Salmonella infection was observed in farmed, frozen, and peeled shrimp in Khorramshahr, Abadan, and Dezful. The high prevalence is often due to poor hygiene measures during transportation from food preparation and distribution centers to the animal feed market and is associated with Salmonella contamination. To reduce the burden of microbial contamination, periodic microbial tests and implementation of monitoring and control plans for critical points from slaughterhouses to supply and distribution centers, especially in cities with higher pollution levels, and improving the level of hygiene in slaughterhouses and food preparation and distribution centers of animal origin

Escherichia coli is one of the most important members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and is a factor in causing generalized bacillosis in birds, followed by gastrointestinal upset in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance and pathotyping of Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat stores in Shiraz. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the rectum of 183 chickens offered in chicken meat shops was sampled. After phenotypic diagnosis, 16S rRNA specific primers were used for genotypic confirmation.  Antibiogram test was performed for Escherichia coli samples by using disk diffusion method based on CLSI standard tables.Then, with PCR test and using specific primers of eae, LT, aatA, ipaH, stx genes, different pathotypes were isolated from each other. Using phenotypic and genotypic tests, 100(55%)  Escherichia coli samples were isolated. The frequencies of isolated pathotypes were EPEC (34%), ETEC (26%), EIEC (23%), EHEC (10%) and EAEC (7%), respectively. Antibiogram testing of Escherichia coli isolates showed that the highest antibiotic resistance was related to tetracycline (83%) and the lowest resistance in all pathotypes was related to gentamicin (10%). Also, the study of multiple resistance patterns showed that ETEC pathotype had the highest multiple drug resistance with 96%. The results of this study confirmed the transmission of various Escherichia coli pathotypes from farm animals to humans. Therefore, correct and timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent their spread in the community.

Today, the use of biodegradable film is considered due to its environmental friendliness and ability to store biologically active compounds. A novel antimicrobial film was made from the soluble-phase of the Persian gum (SPG) incorporated methanolic extracts of Croccus sativus L. stigmas alone or in combination with nisin. Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactricidal concentration (MBC) value of saffron and nisin extracts was determined by micro-dilution method and films by disk diffusion method against Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aerogenesis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Then saffron extract (MIC: 31.25 mg/ml and MBC: 62.5 mg/ml), and nisin (MIC: 0.256mg/ml) was added to the film formulation. The effect of films on the control of total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., mold and yeast of chicken breast during 12 days of storage at 4±1 °C, was studied every three days. The results showed that nisin compared to saffron extract has a better inhibitory effect on controlling the population of pathogenic bacteria. Also, the addition of nisin to the Persian gum film containing saffron extract showed a synergistic effect (%25) on inhibiting the growth of microbes. Based on the acceptable limit for total viable count (<7 log CFU/g) in fresh poultry meat, growth inhibition of target bacteria and shelf life (up to 12 days), Persian gum + nisin + saffron (MBC) film seems appropriate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacteriocin-nisin-producing strains of standard pathogenic strains in culture medium and raw chicken meat at 12°C. The number of bacteria studied in the control and experiment groups was measured on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 after inoculation. Protein and pH levels in meat were examined on days 0, 3, 5, 5 and 7 after inoculation and the presence of nisin gene in probiotics were evaluated. The data showed that Lactococcus lactis had significant inhibitory effects (p≤0.05) on the pathogens studied in liquid BHI and chicken meat. The pH of chicken meat inoculated with Lactococcus lactis increased significantly (p<0.05) during 7 days of storage at 12°C, from 5.9 ± 0.1 on day 0 to 6.9± 0.2 on 7th day. The average amount of protein in chicken meat inoculated with Lactococcus lactis at 12°C decreased from 17.93 ± 1.05 on day 0 to 14.23±1.25 on 7th day and this reduction in protein was statistically significant (p<0.05). Regarding to the prevalence of probiotic foods and the emergence of positive potential of this type of food products, the present study showed that lactococcal producing nisin can maintain the freshness of chicken and reduce its spoilage by decreasing population of pathogenic bacteria.

Rosa canina fruit extract with its high content of bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenolic compounds, can be used as a natural preservative in meat products. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina fruit extract to improve durability at refrigerator temperature. For this purpose, ethanolic extract of Rosa canina fruit was prepared by microwave at three concentration levels (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) and added to chicken samples. An extract-free sample was considered as a control. All specimens were kept at 4°C for 10 days. Microbial properties including Total bacterial count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, and Salmonella, physicochemical properties including fat oxidation, free radical inhibition, methemoglobin absorption, pH, and volatile nitrogen during the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth days were tested. The results showed that Rosa canina Fruit extract significantly reduced the mean (P<0.05) in Total microbial load count, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli bacteria compared to the control sample. Salmonella's search results were negative. The amount of fat oxidation, free radical inhibition, methemoglobin absorption, pH, and nitrogen volatility decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the treatments compared to the control sample. In this regard, the concentration of 2% (highest concentration) of the extract was introduced as the selected treatment. According to the results, Rosa canina fruit extract has a high potential to increase the shelf life of chicken meat kept at refrigerator temperature and as a suitable alternative for chemical preservatives will be able to be used for industrialization.

Aim. An antimicrobial and antioxidant propolis and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil was added to chitosan (chitosan), an edible coating agent. The effects of this coating material on the shelf life and quality of the coated chicken breast samples were evaluated. Material and Method. In this study, chicken breast meat samples were examined in six groups including: control, chitosan, chitosan-alcohol, chitosan - 1% thyme oil, chitosan - 1% propolisexract and chitosan - 1% thyme oil - 1% propolis extract. These samples were stored at 4 ° C for 16 days. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total psychophilic aerobic bacteria (TPAB), Lactobacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. counts and chemically; pH, aw, Thiobarbutyric acid Reactive Substans (TBARS) and color (L *, a * and b *) values were analyzed on 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th days of storage. Result. In reviewing the microbiological results; TMAB, TPAB, Lactobacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. counts were observed to increase more slowly in the coated groups (P<0.05) during storage. Concerning the results of the physicochemical analysis; TBARS values in the coated groups were lower and observed to increase slower during the storage period (P<0.05). Compared to the ph values of other treated groups, ph value variations in coated groups were observed to be lower (P<0.05). However, it was determined that the coating applications (chitosan, propolis extract, thyme oil) had no effect on aw and color (L *, a * and b *) (P> 0.05).  Conclusion. In this study, the addition of thyme essential oil and propolis extract to the chitosan coating material has been shown to reduce bacterial growth, lipid oxidation and pH change in chicken breast meat samples and to have a positive effect on shelf life. The most effective application on product quality was the treatment gruop of the combination of thyme essential oil, propolis extract and chitosan. As a result, the addition of thyme oil and propolis extract to chitosan coating material could be used for preserving foods. However, more scientific studies are needed on the use of such applications in food preservation.

Irradiation is one of the most effective technologies for reducing the microbial load of food. This method can help improve the health of food products and increase their shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation and freezing storage as a combined method to improve the shelf life of a chicken. Chicken samples were divided into four treatments: untreated (control) and irradiated (0.75, three, and five kg) and stored in freezing conditions for 0, 3, 6, and 9 months. The samples were stored at -18°C, and then microbial and chemical analyzes and their sensory quality were performed every three months. Microbial analysis showed that irradiation and freezing maintenance decreased mesophilic, coliform, Salmonella, and E. coli (P <0.05). Results showed that there was no significant difference in sensory quality and chemical analysis parameters such as volatile total nitrogen (P> 0.05) in treated and control groups but increased significantly (p> 0.05). P) Peroxide index was observed. The results of this study indicate that the combined use of irradiation and freezing reduces the bacterial burden and increases the shelf-life of chicken meat. However, there is no change in sensory quality and biochemical analyzes.

Nowadays due to the extensive use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a global concern for the health of animals and humans. The consequences of antimicrobial resistance are resistance of zoonotic pathogenic factors and reductions in the effectiveness of treatment for many diseases.

The aims of this study are the monitoring and prevalence of antimicrobial residues of the poultry carcasses in Kerman poultry abattoirs.

A cross sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to October 2016. A total of 474 samples were collected from Kerman province poultry abattoirs and tested with four plate test (FPT) method. Data were analyzed  using Descriptive statistics for qualitative data with 95 % confidence interval.

A total of 38 samples were positive (8/02 %), Antibiotics isolates included: Fluoroquinolone, Macrolide, Cephalosporin, β-lactam, Tetracycline, Sulfonamide and Amino glycoside. The highest rate of antibiotics isolated in positive samples was Fluoroquinolone (36/1 %) and the lowest rate was cephalosporin (4/1 %). Half of the samples were positive for one type of antibiotic (Fluoroquinolone), 28/9 % for two types of antibiotics, 13/1 % for three types of antibiotics, 5/2%  for five kinds of antibiotics and 2/6 % for six kinds of antibiotics.

The results of the study showed that about 10 percent of the meat consumed in this province has antimicrobial residues. Therefore, it can be suggested that proper management strategies for controlling the veterinary drug usage in poultry farms be implemented.

In spring 2016, 25 poultry meat samples were collected from slaughterhouses in Shahrekord and tested by HPLC for fluorophenyl residues in meat. The samples were extracted after preparation and mixed with hydrochloric acid and transferred to the cartridge. After purification in 20 µl volume, the samples were injected into HPLC. The results showed that out of 25 samples, 5 samples (20%) had florfenicol residues, one of which had a higher concentration of florfenicol residues in poultry meat. The minimum concentration of florfenicol in the studied samples was 15.6 µg / kg and the maximum concentration was 119.07 μg /Kg. In general, given the widespread use of antibiotics in poultry farming, it is better to have more control over the use of antibiotics, to reduce the antibiotic residues in poultry meat.

Today, one of the concerns of consumers of animal protein sources is the presence of heavy metals. The accumulation of these elements in meat and its consumption by humans can cause acute and chronic disorders in the function of vital organs. In order to estimate heavy metal cadmium, zinc and silver in meat and poultry products, 100 samples of chicken breast and chicken thigh and 100 samples of heart and liver were collected in Isfahan province. After tissue digestion and passing from filter paper, the elements of cadmium, zinc and silver were measured in tissue samples by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the mean (± SD) of cadmium concentration in chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples was 0.055 ± 0.07, 0.048 ± 0.063, 0.074 ± 0.091, and 0.012 ± 0.034 mg/kg. Mean (± SD) of zinc concentration in chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 17.18 ± 9.10, 15.45 ± 7.75, 22.36 ± 10.87, and 19.55 ± 7.38 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of cadmium and zinc in all examined samples is below the international permissible limit. The mean (±SD) of silver concentration in chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples was 0.0080 ± 0.0094, 0.0048 ± 0.0063, 0.012 ± 0.014 and 0.0036 ± 0.0060 respectively. The amount of silver in tissue samples has not been detected in most samples. هn this study, the storage of elements in meat and poultry is less than the international permissible limit, but monitoring of heavy metals is necessary.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of liver contamination in broiler chickens slaughtered in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province in two species of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and to investigate the virulence and antibiotic resistance of isolated strains. In this study, 186 liver samples from broiler chickens slaughtered in the slaughterhouses of the province were randomly collected. After the isolation of Campylobacter by microbial culture, for definitive confirmation of Campylobacter in isolated strains and definitive differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, the detection of 16SrRNA, mapA and ceuE genes was performed by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance pattern and distribution of virulence factors were evaluated. Of the 186 liver samples collected, 94 samples (50.53%) were infected with Campylobacter species, of which 62 cases were infected with Campylobacter jejuni (65.95%), 26 infected samples were Campylobacter coli (27.6% ) and 11 samples were contaminated with both species (6.45%). All virulence genes except the iam gene were present in Campylobacter jejuni isolates, and in Campylobacter coli strains only 5 cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, ima and racR genes were detected. All of the 88 isolates studied had multiple antibiotic resistance and in 26 isolates of Campylobacter coli, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed for streptomycin (96.15%) and the lowest was chloramphenicol (7.69%). In Campylobacter jejuni strains, the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance levels belonged to the two antibiotics ciprofloxacin (72.58%) and erythromycin (4.83%), respectively. High prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in broiler chickens slaughtered in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari slaughterhouses and high antibiotic resistance of these isolates indicate a potential risk of liver contamination in human transmission.

Chicken meat is one of the high-freshness foods and is capable of keeping it in refrigerated conditions for 3 days. Four chicken slaughted day under sterile conditions, 24 samples of chicken meat (fillet) 70 gram per samples were prepred. The samples were immersed in 4% gelatin films with three concentrations of essential oil of cumin (0.3.0.6.0.9) and 0% control group of essential oil of cumin under refregrator conditions. Aerobic bacteria, Psychrophile bacteria, Anthrobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and lactic acid bacteria and organoleptic properties were studied in these groups during 0, 2, 4, 7 and 12 days. The results showed that with the increasing use of essential oil of cumin, the number of enterobacteriacea, pseudomonas, lactic acid, mold and yeast and total number of bacteria decreased, and especially with concentrations of 0.6 and 0.9, decrasing was more significantly. In the sensory evaluation of chicken's color and odor, the unpopularity was evident from the seventh day onwards. The best 4% gelatin film (due to the smell and taste of cumin essential oil) is recommended at 0.6% cumin essential oil and 7 days in refregrator conditions.

Meat is considered as an excellent and nutritious source of protein. However, due to the high cost of this animal protein and economic profit access of some producers, frauds like usage meat species of commercially lower value are noticeable. In this study is tried to identifiy low cost protein such as chicken meat that is not commonly used in meat products, but there is the possibility of this fraud by molecular method. DNA was extracted from 10 kind of industrial premium burgers with beef´s title mention, and control samples involve raw beef and chicken meat. Then, simplex-PCR and duplex-PCR were run on the extracted DNA using specific primer´s of cytochrome b gene in beef and 12s rRNA gene in chicken. Specific genes of beef cytochrome b and chicken 12s rRNA amplified 274bp and 183bp fragments respectively in all premium burger samples in simplex-PCR and duplex-PCR. Amplification of fragments of 183 bp by simplex and duplex-PCR suggests adulteration of premium hamburgers by partial replacement of beef with chicken.

Lactobacilli are known to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of a wide range of food spoilage and foodborne pathogens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus plantarum (5 logs cfu/g) and also the combined effect of Lactobacillus plus EDTA (50 mM) on the shelf life of chicken breast meat. Treatments were grouped into the following: 1. without Lactobacillus and EDTA (C); 2. with Lactobacillus without EDTA (AP); 3. with Lactobacillus and EDTA (APE). Samples were stored at 4 ± 1°C and evaluated periodically for microbial counts (aerobic mesophilic count, coliform count and psychrotrophic count). Microbial analysis indicated that using of Lactobacillus species and Lactobacillus EDTA had significant effects (p

The residue of antibiotics and other chemical compounds in chicken meat is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source. In this research, for study of correlation between antibiotic consumption and chicken meat contamination, in summer of 2014, 10 chicken farms in Isfahan province that reared under conventional condition and 5 chicken farms that reared broilers under without antibiotic consumption were monitored from start of growing period. At end of growing period, in slaughter stage, one piece of breast muscle and cecum content were sampled. The percentage of carcass contamination and number of Escherichia coli (E.coli) in cecal content were determined in chickens reared under conventional and without antibiotic condition. Also, the shigatoxogenic E.coli was examined by PCR.Furthermore, the carcass contamination and E.coli colony count in cecal content in chickens with or without colibacillosis background were determined. The results showed that the chicken meat contamination to E.coli and the E.coli population in cecal content in chickens reared under conventional condition were not significant different from chickens reared without antibiotic, while these indices in chickens with colibacillosis history were significant higher than chickens without colibacillosis history. In this study the shigatoxogenic E.coli was not detected. In overall, this study revealed microbial infection in chicken farms that lead to antibiotic consumption could decrease hygienic quality of chicken meat. Therefore, in addition to controlling of withdrawal time for antibiotic consumption, the withdrawal time for infections incidence must be observed for decrease the risk of transmission of pathogens along the food chain of human.

Antibiotics are widely used for preventing and treating several diseases, as well as for promoting growth in food-producing animals. This widespread use of antibiotic may cause residuals in foodstuffs, as well as the induction of allergic reactions in humans. In addition, resistance to pathogenic bacteria has been constantly weakening as a result of antibiotic use. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of common three groups of antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide in chicken meat and table eggs consumed in Islamic Republic of Iran Army (IRIA). A total of 70 poultry samples, including chicken meat and eggs from IRIA‘s cold storages, were analyzed using ELISA for determination of antibiotic residues. Of the chicken samples analyzed, 35 (100%), 30 (85.71%) and 28 (80.00%) were contaminated with fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively. The mean levels (±SE) of fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide were found to be 72.59±4.30 µg/kg, 15.35±1.6 µg/kg and 36.52±3.61 µg/kg in chicken samples, respectively. 4 (11.43%) of chicken samples exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL). The study revealed that 4 (11.43%), 8 (22.85%) and zero of 35 egg samples were positive for fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively. The mean levels (±SE) of fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide were found to be 1.23±0.6 µg/kg, 2.84±0.94 µg/kg and zero µg/kg in egg samples, respectively. This study indicated that some consumable chicken meat and eggs of IRIA contain residues of antibiotics, therefore, it is necessary to monitor protein products regarding to antimicrobial residues for public health.