جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Quail » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

The hypothesis of this study was to investigate how Japanese quail chicks in post-hatching period can response to delayed feeding through their growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development. One hundred and twenty as hatch Japanese quail chicks were randomly assigned to 12 pens. Four replicate groups of 10 chicks were randomly assigned to each of the three treatments. Experimental treatments included; chicks early feeding (EF) for 3h, and delayed feeding (DF) for 24 and 48h after hatching. After that, all birds were fed a mash diet ad-libitum until 15 days of age. At 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15d of ages, one bird of each replicate (four birds of each treatment) was randomly selected, weighted and euthanized. Samples from the middle part of jejunum dissected free and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian blue-van Gieson and Periodic acid-Schiff stain. Morphometric indices were included villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villus width (VW), tunica muscular thickness (MT) and villus surface area (VSA). Birds subjected to treatments showed no significant differences in feed intake and residual yolk weight. In the EF birds the 15d live body weight and weight gain during the 1-15d of ages were significantly higher, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower than DF birds. Similarly, in the EF birds, the VH and VSA were significantly higher than DF birds. In conclusion, delayed access to feed after hatch has adverse effects on Japanese quail chick growth and gastrointestinal tract development.

The development of proper immune responses to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines is important in controlling the disease. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is involved in regulating the immune system.

The current study evaluated the effects of EcN on immune responses to ND live vaccines in Japanese quails.

A total of 150 one-day-old quails were divided into three equal groups. Groups A and B received 107 and 106 CFU/ml/day of EcN, respectively, sprayed on their diets, while group C received 1 ml/day of PBS. All birds were vaccinated with B1 and Lasota vaccines at 10 and 20 days of age, respectively. Serum samples were collected in order to assay the levels of IgA and certain cytokines, including IL4, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, as well as antibody titers to NDV by HI and ELISA methods.

No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in serum IgA and IFN-α levels among the groups. However, concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in 42-day-old chicks in group A were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in both other groups. After 15 days of the second vaccination, the mean HI titer following NDV was significantly higher in group A than group C. Groups B and C showed significantly lower HI titer than group A after 22 days of the second vaccination. Mean ELISA titer to NDV was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group A than in groups B and C after 22 days of the second vaccination.

It seems that the spraying of 107 CFU/ml/day of EcN on quail diets enhances the immune response to NDV vaccines by increasing serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4.

Due to the importance of the respiratory system in vertebrates, especially in birds, and due to the fact that birds need more oxygen to fly, important and special anatomical changes and adaptations have occurred in these animals. In this study, the histoanatomical and radiological examination of lungs in birds was carried out.

For this purpose, 16 Healthy male and female adult white English quail with average weight of 160 ± 5.35 grams was studied. At the beginning, lateral and ventro-dorsal radiographs of the birds were prepared. Then the birds were examined anatomically, and parameters related to the weight, length, width and thickness of the lungs were obtained. Finally, the lungs were removed from the coelomic cavity of the bird and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue sections of the samples were prepared and subjected to histomorphometric evaluation.

Radiological examination shows that the right and left lungs in English white quail are located in the first intercostal space to the sixth intercostal space. Anatomical examination, while confirming the radiological results, shows that the average of lung weight, ratio of lung weight to total body weight, lung length, lung width and the number of lung incisions in the male birds are 0.981±0.065 grams, 0.00623±0.00045, 2.57±0.030 cm, 1.53±0.021 cm, and 5.00±0.00 respectively, and in the female birds, are 0.935±0.028 grams, 0.0587±0.00023, 2.50±0.033 cm, 1.34±0.024 cm, and 5.00±0.00 respectively. According to histological results, primary and secondary and Para bronchioles (tertiary bronchioles) have ciliated stratified columnar, simple cuboidal and simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelium.

The lungs are pyramidal and unlobated in shape and light pink in color, located in the 1st to 6th intervertebral space. There were no significant differences in the radiological, anatomical and histological structure of the lungs in male and female English white quails.

Aspergillosis is an important infectious fungal disease; caused the genus of Aspergillus that affects humans, mammals, and mainly wild or domestic birds. The following case report describes a clinical case of aspergillosis in a quail flock. A thousand flocks breeding quail originated from a hatchery located in Iran, in late spring, from the age of one week, have been encountered with breathing difficulties. The daily mortality of infected chicks was 20-30 chicks (total of 50%). The most prevalent clinical signs were respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, open beak breathing, and increased respiration. Other clinical signs included depression, anorexia, decreasing weight, and in some stance cyanosis. The large number of white caseous nodules with an average diameter of 1-3 µm, often in the lungs and also in the liver, mesenteric intestine vessels, muscles of the chest, and heart were observed. Lungs, beak cavity, pharynx, and air sacs frequently consisted of the caseous nodules. The large numbers of germinating conidia centrally and hyphae extending peripherally through the layer of macrophages were found on the granulomas stained by Gomori’s methenamine silver. In some other tissue samples, conidiophores of A. fumigatus, and conidial heads were formed. Mycological examination of the postmortem samples demonstrated A. fumigatus. Poor husbandry, ventilation, sanitation were common conditions that predispose quails to aspergillosis in the present report.

Kidneys comprise the paired organ essentially responsible for excreting nitrogenous wastes, excessive water, inorganic salts, and toxic substances produced during the process of body metabolism. The maintenance of osmotic regulation and homeostatic fluid balance of the body is also performed by the kidneys. The current study investigated the histological features in quail birds of both genders at different age stages. A total of thirty-six adult male and female Japanese quail were allocated randomly into four different age groups of 30, 90, 180, and 270 days. They were fed high-protein food and water for two weeks, after which the kidneys of the quail were obtained and histological changes between males and females were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22. The results showed a 24% increase in Bowman's space in male quail compared with females after 30 days. Moreover, a 10% increase in Bowman’s space was recorded at 270 days in male quail compared with females. The results showed a 12% increase in glomerular diameter in females compared with males. The data also showed a 12% increase in the diameter of Bowman’s capsule in females compared to males. The outer diameter of the thin tubule in the loop of Henle in females increased by 4% compared to males. A 12%increase was noted in the outer diameter of the thickened tubule and the collecting tubes in male quail compared to the females at 30 days of age. Increases in the outer diameter of the proximal tubule of 6%, 16%, and 2% in female quail compared to males were recorded at 30, 180, and 270 days, respectively. Finally, the outer diameter of the distal tubule in males increased by 4% compared to females at 30 days and by 2% at 270 days. The current study described in detail the effect of a high-protein diet on the histology of different genders in quail kidney.

Gammacoronaviruses, which are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, are responsible for a wide variety of existing and emerging diseases in birds. The Gammacoronaviruses primarily infect avian hosts.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Gammacoronaviruses in quail population in Iran.

In the period from 2016 to 2018, samples from 47 quail flocks with or without enteric signs, were collected from four provinces in Iran.

Gammacoronavirus was detected in samples of 4 flocks by using RT-PCR and characterized by N gene sequencing. The isolates formed a distinct group from other Gamma- coronaviruses groups.

The finding suggests the existence of a novel Gammacoronavirus circulating in quail farms. The phylogenetic relationship of the isolates concerning different sequences and geographical regions displayed complexity and diversity. The present study is the first detection of Gammacoronavirus in quail farms in Iran. Further studies are required and should include the isolation and experimental studies of Gammacoronaviruses in Iran.