Causes of tension between Ilkhanids and the Golden Horde

After the invasion of Mongols led by Hulagu Khan to the West and establishment of Ilkhanid Government, Iran political ties entered a new phase and experienced a remarkable and unprecedented development in terms of direct relations with the East and the West. The relations between the Ilkhanids and the Golden Horde which shared vast borderlines in the West and East of the Caspian Sea were mostly based on opposition and enmity rather than interaction and amity. The vicissitudes of hostile relations between the two governments both ruled by descendents of Genghis Khan, started since the establishment of Ilkhanid government and existed until the end of it. These tensions and conflicts were generated by various factors among which the most important ones were undefined borders, attempted expansionism by both sides, conflicts on ruling over regions such as Caucasus and Azerbaijan, trade and economic factors, differences in religion, interventions made by other rival governments such as Egypt that provoked more hostility, and ill-treatment toward the Nationals of the rival government practiced by both sides.