Analysis of fields of convergence of Iran and Pakistan (a statement of 3 approaches of Geoculture, Geoeconomy and geopolitics)

The importance of investigating relations of convergence of Iran and Pakistan is due to the fact that during several recent decades (especially, after Islamic revolution of Iran), they could not make acceptable relations as what is deserved because of some problems – mostly ideological ones - between two friend and neighbor countries. This fact results in the general opinion that the nature of relations of Iran and Pakistan is critical, unreliable, and divergent. On this basis, this research attempts to answer the question of how Iran and Pakistan can experience convergent relations. The research hypothesis is that, despite the current tensions between the two countries, which are mostly unwanted, there are opportunities for convergence and desired relations between the two countries. Historically, both countries have many cultural (geocultural), geopolitical, and geographical relations. This can lead to achieving more desired relations in other fields so that two countries can be able to promote mutual relations with better and more serious participation in regional groupings such as political-economical treaty of Shanghai, economical treaty of ECO, Islamic Countries Organization, and the group called D-8 with dual nature of geopolitics–geoeconomics relations. In addition, the exports and imports of nonenergic (non–oil goods) and energic sources (gas sources and other fossil sources) can be part of Geo-economic relations between Iran and Pakistan. This research is a descriptive-analitical study. The research data has been gathered in documentary method referring to valid sources such as books, published papers, and valid reports.