Predictive Factors Related To Self-Care Behaviors among Type2 Diabetic Patients by Using Social Cognitive Model

Investigating factors affecting the adoption of self-care behaviors in diabetic patients is necessary, especially by using a model that would identify and reinforce the factors affecting behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictor factors associated with self-care behaviors among type2 diabetic patients by using social cognitive theory. In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study 320 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus were selected based on multistage random sampling. The data collection tools were a demographic researcher-made questionnaire based on the cognitive social model constructs- the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were calculated - and the standard self-care questionnaire for diabetes. After data collection, data were analyzed using independent t-test, one –way ANOVA and spearman’s correlation coefficient in SPSS21 at a significance level of 0.05. According to the findings, Outcome Expectation(r=0.263,P<0.05), Outcome Values(r=0.151, P<0.05), Self-Efficacy (r=0.350, P<0.05, Barrier Efficacy (r=0.432, P<0.05), the Environmental (r=0.173, P<0.05), Observation Learning )r=0.416, P<0.05), Understanding the Situation )r=0.251, P<0.05), Self-Regulation (r=0.462, P<0.05) and Emotional Coping (r=0.374, P<0.05) variables were positive correlated with self-care behaviors. Also, Emotional Coping variable was the most predictive variable (Beta=0.283). To maintain and improve the health of diabetic patients, social cognitive theory can be used to design and implement educational interventions for the self- care of diabetic patients.