An Examination about Reduction and Emergence in Chemistry: Review And Criticism Of Alex Manafu's arguments

Two concepts that are being considered in Philosophy of Chemistry are Reduction and Emergence. These concepts have a major rule in arguing that special sciences, have kind of independence from physics. After sketching a conceptual framework about the issue, we have had a critical review about Alex Manafu's argument about the rule of chemistry in debate about Reduction and Emergence in Philosophy of Science.He argue that chemistry has some special advantages in study of Reduction and Emergence in Philosophy of Science. we have showed that his argument cannot give us a firm ground for attaching these advantages to Chemistry. We then propose a distinction between Ontological complexity and Epistemological complexity and then show how Manafu's arguments are faulty due to ignoring this distinction