Comparing efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy with or without metacognitive techniques and Zolpidem 10 mg. on dysfunctional cognitions & metacognitions in people with chronic insomnia disorder: a multiple baseline single case

Aim of the study was to comparing efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy with or without and Zolpidem 10 mg. on dysfunctional cognitions & metacognitions in people with chronic insomnia disorder.

The multiple baselines single case design was used for the research. After taking diagnostic interview, six patients with chronic insomnia who met inclusive criteria randomly assigned to three group included cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy with metacognitive techniques & pharmacotherapy. All of patients assessed six times by 10-item dysfunctional beliefs & attitudes about sleep & metacognition questionnaires. Data were analyzing using interpretation of changes of variables in the graph, effect size and diagnostic recovery.

Adding metacognitive techniques to cognitive behavioral therapy could increases its efficacy. Effect sized of all interventions was proved that cognitive behavioral therapy with metacognitive techniques has the most effect size on dysfunctional metacognitions. Both of psychological therapies decrease dysfunctional beliefs & attitudes about sleep. Pharmacotherapy in particular 1 & 3 month follow-up hadn't high efficacy.

Adding metacognition techniques to gold standard in treatment of insomnia increases the treatment. The results continue even three month after discontinuing.