Analysis of Policy Basics of Imam Ali (AS) in the letter 64 Nahj al-Balaghah by Modeling the Fairclough Method “Critical Discourse Analysis”

Critical discourse analysis is an applied method of textual analysis It does not rely on text data for analysis only rather, it has stepped beyond it and explores the emergence of the intellectual and authorial abstracts behind the text. The problem of the present research extracting Imam Ali›s policy principles in letter 64 of Nahj al-Balagha which corresponds to the first letter of  mu’awiyah  using the method of critical discourse analysis of Fairclough at descriptive, interpretive and explanatory levels. The purpose of this research is to better understand the political ideas embedded in the textbooks. The findings indicate that: Mu›awiyah tries to use some of the events in his letter as a caliph to legitimize the rule of Imam Ali (AS) and give legitimacy to his government, and the Imam (AS) firstly thwarted the conspiracies of the other side. He then relied on the original axes of legitimacy. This is the reason why the Imam emphasized the original axes and their limitations. The letter of the Imam corresponds to the letter of Mu’awiyah.