A Critique of the Theory of Public Internal Order in Iranian Public Law

Public order is a common term in Western legal systems and aims to regulate social life on the one hand by protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens and on the other hand to maintain the authority of governments to restrict the practice of citizens' rights and freedoms. Therefore, in the conflict between the freedoms and the authority of states, it is necessary to explain the theory of public order and identify the possible challenges of public order. Now the main question is whether the internal public order in Iranian law guarantees civil rights and freedoms and a coherent legal theory? This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method on the hypothesis that internal public order in Iran is a superficial and fluid concept and has vague and variable meanings, principles, sources, elements and items. As a result, public order, civil rights and freedoms are confronted with a broad conceptual ambiguity. Therefore, the research finding is the removal of the word public order from the legal language.