The link between pluralism and federalism with an emphasis on association democracy (Case-study: new Iraq)

The ruling political system in Iraq during the four decades of the Ba'ath party's rule was a one-party military that was replaced by the federal military in 2004 after its overthrow. The subject of this dissertation is the challenges of the Iraqi one-party system for federalism .And the hypothesis is that the rule of Iraq's one-party system for decades has led to the suppression of civil institutions and the experience of party activity in that country. It has created obstacles and challenges for the realization of federalism To test the hypothesis, Huntington's and Blandell's theories are the theoretical basis for research .Based on this, scientific documents and texts have been reviewed and interviewed with individuals and experts in this field. The results suggest that one-party systems are in conflict with federalism in terms of substance, form, and practice. The focus is on the party and the leadership, the lack of freedom of the security parties, the fictitious trust of the tribes and the establishment of groups in unusual and critical conditions is the official form of power and the culmination of which is personalization the party's leadership is one of the hallmarks of Iraq's one-party system, which is the opposite of federalism and in this regard, negotiations and confrontation (stick and carrot policy) continued from the beginning of the party's life until the fall, the effects of which are more or less observed after the fall of the party. It can be argued that a series of events following the fall of the party, such as the formation of the Transitional Government Council, the conflict and the revolts of the tribes, the formation of the Awakening Councils, the formation and strengthening of ISIL, and the subsequent establishment of the popular mobilization and political tensions over the formation of parliament and government in recent years have not been without their roots in the Ba'athist one-party system.