Collective responsibility from Imam Ali’s point of view (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha

The purpose of this study is to investigate collective responsibility from the perspective of Imam Ali (as) with reference to Nahj al-Balagha and its valid explanations. The main question is whether from the point of view of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha, based on the rule of collective responsibility, the whole community or parts of it can be held responsible for the acts committed by individuals or groups of society? Likewise, are individuals or groups in society responsible for the actions and behaviors, committed by their community in which they themselves have no role? ? The research is based on the assumption that Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha, based on his own ontological and anthropological principles while accepting the moral responsibility of the individual for the consequences of his actions, accepted the collective responsibility in the sense of mutual moral responsibility of the individual and society towards each other's actions. It means that not only participation in the action or assisting in the preparation of its action causes responsibility, but also heartfelt satisfaction with action and silence towards it (even if it is not from consent), is like participation in the performance of the action. It causes responsibility in front of its effects and consequences.