A Study of the “Polyphony” Phenomenon in Modern Narrative-Dramatic Poetry According to Bakhtin’s Dialogism Theory

During the period of modernity, Arabic poetry acquired a kind of objectivity that saved it from pure lyricism, drawing inspiration for its techniques from the core of dramatic and narrative art, in which the degree of intensity increases as a result of the dialogic characteristics and the predominance of tension and the various linguistic levels and conflicts. With it, the dialogical theory of Bakhtin was divided, which constituted a decisive turning point for the creation of a new vision of the world that shook the foundations of the monist and hegemonic vision of self-direction. The polyphony phenomenon, as a main branch of it, reinforced the plurality of perspectives and visions and heralded the conflicting opinions and positions and ideological dialogue in a vast democratic space, so that every voice and consciousness could freely express itself in light of bilateral dialogues and acceptance of the other. In this research, we focus on the technical components of the phenomenons such as the multiplicity of ideologies represented in the multiplicity of personalities, the heteroglosia and plural language patterns, parodies, interfering genders, and intertextuality. We conclude that the multiplicity of voices is taking place in modernist literature in full swing. Whether it is poetry or prose, the point is the plurality of discourse as the writer strives sincerely to use the dialogue spaces to provide a visionary democracy that is honest and not false, and that the dominant ego is broken into conflicting subjects in free and heated dialogues that save poetry from subjectivity.