Crucial Environmental, Genetics, and Epigenetics Players in Multiple Sclerosis Disease

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that destroys the immune system of normal cells in the body, resulting in abnormal progressive neuronal function. Multiple wounds (called plaques) are described as plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord of MS patients. The destruction of nerve cells in the brain can cause many symptoms in MS patients, including fatigue, blurred vision in the eye, numbness in some parts of the body, partial weakness, and loss of body coordination. Apart from being genetically susceptible to MS disease, the researchers believe that at least one or more environmental factors should occur for the emergence of MS disease. The prevalence of the disease varies in different parts of the world, and the incidence and prevalence are higher in some parts of Western Europe and North America than in other parts of the world. Regulatory T cells play an essential role in preventing autoimmune diseases. Therefore, when these cells' number or function increases or decreases, it can affect autoimmunity, as these cells’ defects have been reported in many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the use of biological systems for understanding neurological disorders is highly valued, considering time as a critical factor in developing the pathogenesis of these diseases. Research has shown that microRNAs play an essential role in multiple sclerosis because they are abundantly expressed in immune cells, which mediate MS disease. It is hoped that more extensive research will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MS disease, providing strategies to improve or reduce the symptoms of the MS disease.