Types of structural, semantic, and syntactic changes while translating a text from English to Persian

The aim of this paper was to find out what kind of possible linguistic changes may occur during translating a certain English text into Persian. For this reason, two passages, each one composed of approximately fourteen lines, were translated. Passage Num.1 was chosen from the book MAN AND HIS WORLD, and passage Num.2 from act one, scene one of the play ROMEO AND JULIET by Shakespeare. The motivation behind this was to study the linguistic/grammatical behavior of the two languages toward developing the same literary and half-scientific ideas. In addition, we tried to meet the goal from a contrastive analysis point of view. After careful comparison of the original texts with their translations, considerable differences were observed. These differences were grouped into three major levels: morphology, syntax, and semantics. In the end, based on the limitation of the passages, it was concluded that various linguistic behaviors can be observed in the levels already mentioned, while translating a text from English into Persian. Finally, based on and within the limitation of the passages selected, it was concluded that various linguistic behaviors can be observed in the levels already mentioned, during translating a text from English into Persian.On the other hand, this article is based on the contrastive analysis hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the researcher, with the tools at his disposal, finds the possibility to correctly describe the two languages ​​in question and use the resulting descriptions to determine the existing contrasts or differences between two languages. Learning a second language basically requires overcoming the differences between the two linguistic systems of the first language and the target language.