Square in The Timurid Era: A Study on the Structure of Urban Squares and Related Architectural Complexes in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries AH

Architectural complexes built during the Timurid period can be divided into three categories in terms of the type of building: complexes located around a central area, complexes located on both sides of a street, and complexes located on both sides of a central building. The first category of this type of complex, which is formed based on the placement of independent buildings in two or four parts of a central area, has appeared both in the role of urban squares and in the type of endowment architectural complexes. This form of complex construction in which the structure of four-aisled courtyards and the use of urban squares can be seen simultaneously can be considered as one of the factors affecting the changes in the construction and design of the square in the later periods of urban planning and architecture in Iran. This research intends to analyze the structure and also study the location of buildings in this type of Timurid architectural complex, relying on existing historical sources and archaeological documents. The information of this article has been collected by library methods, visual observation, and comparison of the obtained findings and the research has been done by the analytical-historical method. The results of this study show that the difference between the index of urban squares and architectural complexes that have been built based on the structure of a square in the Timurid period has been in how they relate to the main roads in the city.