Comparative Study of National Security with an Emphasis on the Power of the State and the Nation and the Relationship between them

The main issue of this article is national security. The question of this article is, which societies and why do they experience less potential and actual internal and external threats to national security, while some societies are constantly exposed to and experiencing dangerous threats? What is the situation of Iran in terms of the power of the state and the nation and the dangerous threats to national security? In order to find a theoretical solution to the problem, with the help of nation-state building theories, the dimensions of the power of the state and the nation were extracted, and then, using the theory of historical institutionalism, the theoretical analysis of the relationship between the nation-state and national security was carried out. Furthermore, in order to find an empirical solution to the problem, the quantitative methodology and the secondary analysis technique were used at the macro level, and data related to the research variables for 130 countries were collected from various international sources and analyzed for the period of 2005 to 2022. The findings from the quantitative comparative analysis showed that the capacity of the state and the nation and the balanced construction of their power, as well as the balance of power between the state and nation, which provides the basis for the compatibility and synergy of their power, has a reducing effect on potential and actual internal and external threats and has an increasing effect on national security.