Analysis of the Method of Calque in the Translation of the Holy Quran Based on the Vinay and Darbelnet Model (Case Study: "Roshangar" Translation by Karim Zamani)

One of the leading models in the field of criticism and evaluation of translation is the model proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet. With two direct and indirect strategies, this model consists of seven techniques: borrowing, literal translation, calque, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. These seven techniques are applied in evaluating the translation of different texts and determining the approaches used in them. Meanwhile, the quality of using each of the aforementioned techniques in translating the holy text of Quran is of importance due to its unique features. "Roushangar" translation by Karim Zamani is deemed one of the best translations of the Holy Quran owing to the use of authentic interpretations. This research analyzes the way Karim Zamani uses the calque technique in two lexical and structural (syntactic structure) types in the translation of the Holy Quran in the last five sections with analytical-descriptive method. This paper aims to identify the distinctive combinations of lexical calque and also to explain the most common structures calqued from Arabic language in Zamani's translation based on Vinay and Darbelnet's model. The results indicate that in most cases, zamani has been successful in lexical claque -which are mostly of the adjective phrase type - and has been able to transfer the influence of source text to destination text. However, in some types of structural claque, such as translation of the cognate object structure and the state sentence structure, his translation -in some cases- does not have the required fluency and eloquence for the Persian-speaking audience.