Assessment of Households’ Vulnerability and Resilience to Landslide Hazard in Murree Hills of Pakistan

During the past few decades, landslide incidents have increased in intensity and frequency. In this paper, we have attempted to empirically assess both the household-level vulnerability and resilience of households in Murree, Pakistan. Variables regarding vulnerability and resilience concerning landslides were collected from the previous studies. The primary data concerning these variables were gathered with the help of a survey from 200 randomly selected households. The views of the experts of the National Disaster Management Authority about the variables were also noted. The subjective method was applied to assign weights to the variables. Our analysis revealed very high values of vulnerability for the rural fringe (0.96) and urban fringe (0.94) as compared to the inner city (0.85). The overall resilience index of the rural fringe was very low (0.28) as compared to the nearly medium-level resilience index of the urban fringe (0.44) and medium-level resilience index of the inner city (0.51).  The households in Murree were more vulnerable to landslides and had less resilience level.